ALTHOUGH plethodontid salamander, Aneides aeneus (Cope), seems to be common in some localities, there are comparatively few records of its occurrence and no life history data from southern portion of its range in Southern Appalachians. It has been reported from only two localities in North Carolina, Highlands (Brimley, 1941) and Bat Cave, Chimney Rock (Weller, 1930), each based on collection of a single specimen. There are single published records for western South Carolina and northeast Alabama (Dunn, 1926, and Brimley, 1941-43) and in Georgia it has been found at several localities in mountainous region, notably Tallulah Gorge in Rabun County (unpublished data of writers and J. C. Nicholls, Jr.). During summer of 1948 we discovered two breeding colonies of this salamander in Highlands, North Carolina region and were able to make measurements and life history observations over a period of about two months. The work was aided by Ward Research Fellowship, awarded by Highlands Biological Laboratory. We are also indebted to Miss Thelma Howell, Resident Director of Laboratory, and Dr. Eugene P. Odum for aid and suggestions in preparation of this paper. The first group of breeding Aneides was found inhabiting a granite cliff near Laboratory at an elevation of 4100 feet within town limits of Highlands, which is located 10 miles north of Georgia line on a high plateau of Blue Ridge. This site, hereafter known as Highlands site, was under observation from June 15 to August 20. Less extensive observations were made at second site, a spectacular granite outcrop known as Granite City, having an elevation of about 3100 feet and located about 10 miles southeast of Highlands in Jackson County, North Carolina (very near common junction of North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia). Aneides aeneus has been previously recorded as inhabiting the loose bark of dead trees (Pope, 1928), limestone cliffs (Walker and Goodpasteur, 1941), sandstone cliffs (Bishop, 1943), and quartzite cliffs (Nicholls, personal correspondence). Thus to this list authors add exfoliated surfaces and horizontal crevices of granite cliffs. The granite cliffs in Highlands site were located in a mature hemlock forest with a rhododendron understory. Eggs, immature and mature individuals were collected from crevices which were so densely shaded as to require use of a flashlight in finding salamanders. The crevices admitted little or no water from surface run off, heavy plant growth holding enough moisture to keep atmosphere humid. The sites of eggs within crevices were moist but not wet. No specimens were found in crevices directly exposed to sunlight. A similar situation existed at Granite City site. The depth of crevices at both localities was quite variable. The previous record from Highlands was an individual found August 1, 1938, by Dr. W. C. Coker in his woodpile, which incidentally was located a
Read full abstract