Northeast Java Research Articles

Application of flow zone indicator and Leverett J-function to characterise carbonate reservoir and calculate precise water saturation in the Kujung formation, North East Java Basin

Application of flow zone indicator and Leverett J-function to characterise carbonate reservoir and calculate precise water saturation in the Kujung formation, North East Java Basin

Identification of Detrital Carbonate in East Cepu High

East Cepu High is a part of horst – graben series which formed by extensional tectonic processes during Paleogene in North East Java Basin. Due to excellent paleogeography position, the carbonate build-up was growth very well and as the main reservoir in East Cepu High. Sea level change have important factor to provide variation of facies in each carbonate buildup, one of emerging facies is detrital carbonate. Detrital carbonate indicated by onlap horizon featured with carbonate build up body. Based on paleogeography, fluctuation of sea level change and sediment source, detrital carbonate formed in leeward area in lowstand or highstand phases. Distinguish between detrital carbonate facies with other facies, advanced seismic processing performed by using continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and seismic inversion. CWT is one method of spectral decomposition used to find the frequency that represent a facies. The result from seismic inversion will support the interpretation for facies distribution. As the result, seismic data which have interval frequency 10 – 45 Hz and Acoustic Impedance (AI) value above 35000 (from cross plot between acoustic impedance and gamma ray) can be interpreted as detrital carbonate. Based on seismic interpretation, detrital carbonate facies distributed along leeward area with geometrical spreading. The lateral facies change from detrital carbonate to shale was identified which causing this facies become potential as hydrocarbon reservoir with stratigraphic trap. Based on the earlier studies, North East Java Basin have a strong hydrocarbon migration to fill the reservoir, therefore the detrital carbonate have high chance to be a new hydrocarbon prospect in this area.

The influence of executives’ characteristics on bank performance: The case of emerging market

This research is expected to provide information for the benefits of Bank SulutGo and also the Government of North Sulawesi in forming the composition of the board of directors and board of commissioner and all bank officials in SulutGo Bank. The population and samples are SulutGo Bank officials consisting of boards of commissioners, boards of directors, division leaders and branch leaders of all the Banks of SulutGo. They consist of 4 Commissioners, 5 Directors, 2 Heads of Department, 19 Heads and Divisional Representatives, plus 94 head offices (head office, branch offices and sub-branch offices) scattered throughout the provinces of North Sulawesi, Gorontalo, DKI Jakarta and East Java. In measuring the performance of BPD, Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) are employed. The results show age, education level, work period and gender has a positive relationship with CAR, but there is no relationship with ROA, ROE and Total Assets. The same with the F-test, simultaneously age, education level, work period and gender has a positive relationship with CAR but there is no relationship with ROA, ROE and Total Assets.

Facies Development of Carbonate Rock and System Tract Influence Based on Fullbore Formation Microimager (FMI) and Well Log Analysis on Carbonate Reservoir Tuban Formation, North East Java Basin

The North East Java Basin is known to be one of the basins that consist of Miocene carbonate rocks, like the reef carbonate of Tuban Formation. It has the potential hydrocarbons that can be explored. Therefore, the FMI log analysis is very important to identify carbonate rocks of Tuban Formation to know facies and characteristics of that carbonate rocks. The method used descriptive and analysis process of FMI and Gamma Ray log to determine facies of the carbonate rock and the system tract. Based on the result of FMI log analysis, there are variations lithofasies include mudstone, wackestone, packstone, grainstone, floatstone, rudstone and claystone. A collection of rock associations can interpret the reef facies. It involves back reef facies, reef core facies, and fore reef facies. The changes of lithofasies and reef facies are caused by sea level fluctuations and subsidence resulting in the system tract. The system tracts generated in the research area include transgressive and highstand system tract.

An Application of Gravity Method to Estimate a Storage Capacity of Ngrayong Formation for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Pilot Project of Gundih Field, East Java, Indonesia

Indonesia has committed in Global Initiative as non-Annex I country to reduce 26% of GHG emission reduction further up to 41% reduction with incoming international support. Initiated by the scheme of SATREPS (Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development) program co-funded by Japan International Agency, Indonesia works on the pilot project implementation of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). CCS is one of technology to be used to reduced CO2 gas emission in the atmosphere. The CO2 is captured from the source or atmosphere, then purified and liquefied. The liquefied CO2 then injected into underground reservoir. The underground reservoir could be a porous geologic formation such as an old hydrocarbon reservoir. At present, as guiding by regional and geoscience characterization at the further stage called as engineering characterization well integrity as an early stage of injection phase is done. Based on the evaluation of Regional Characterization study for CCS Pilot Project in Indonesia, Gundih Field was selected as the most suitable target. Gundih Field is a gas field located in the Northeast Java Basin, East Java, Indonesia. Accordingly, Geoscience Characterization has been done including structural and stratigraphic model of the region. Stratigraphically, the oldest formation at Gundih Field area consist of Basement, underlie uncomfortably by Tawun Formation, Ngrayong Formation, Wonocolo Formation, Ledok Formation, Mundu Formation and Lidah Formation. The Ngrayong Formation was decided as a targeted bed to be injected by CO2 liquid. Therefore, the study consists of injectivity, containment and capacity of the Ngrayong Formation reservoir. This formation mainly contains of sandstone intercalated by limestone beds. The age of this formation is Middle Miocene. There is one abandoned well available in the field namely Japon-1 well. The JPN-1 well will be utilized as an injected well. As the pilot project, the total CO2 planed will be stored in the formation around 20.000 tons within 2 years. Therefore, it could be calculated that approximately 52.300 m3 pore space is needed in the reservoir formation. Some studies related in to Geoscience Characterization for CCS implementation has been done, included geological and geophysical studies to evaluate the capacity of Ngrayong reservoir. In order to estimate the storage capacity of Ngrayong Formation, the gravity method was applied. The gravity acquisition was done in September 2014 using gravimeter Scintrex CG-5. The measurement was done in the surrounding of Japon-1 well for about 25 km2 area. In order to get better accuracy, the point of measurement was done with the interval of 250 m. Based on the measurement data the Complete Bouguer Anomaly Map was constructed on the assumption that the rocks had an average Bouguer density of 2.5 gr/cc. The result of Complete Bouguer Anomaly Map contain noise, then moving average filtering method based on spectral analysis calculation was applied. This Complete Bouguer Anomaly Map was used to make an interpretation of subsurface condition of Ngrayong Formation. By using this map, further process was done as separation between regional and residual anomalies. The separation anomalies were done as similar previous method using moving average filtering method based on spectral analysis. Using residual anomaly map, the 2.5D density model was calculated using forward modelling method. Some supporting data was used such as data of JPN-1 Well which the depth of Ngrayong Formation is 816 m, seismic data as the time structure map of nearly top of Ngrayong Formation and seismic section across the region, geology and stratigraphy of Rembang Zone. In order to get approximate volume of the formation, then the “pseudo-3D” model was developed. Based on this model the estimated capacity of the porous space of the reservoir could be calculated. According to well data of Japon-1, the porosity of Ngrayong Formation was 28%. Based on well stratigraphic data, the volume of sandstone in this formation is calculated 5%. By assumption that only 50% could be injected by CO2 fluid, the injection capacity of Ngrayong Formation using Japon-1 well could be calculated. The result of calculation, the porous space volume of Ngrayong Formation is approximately 17.168 x 10 m3 and pore space volume 30,044 x 106 m3. The result calculation of pore space volume of Ngrayong Formation is more than enough to accommodate injected CO2.

Lusi hydrothermal structure inferred through ambient vibration measurements

The spectacular Lusi mud eruption started in northeast Java, Indonesia, the 29th of May 2006 following a M6.3 strike slip seismic event. After the earthquake several mud pools aligned along a NE-SW direction appeared in the Sidoarjo district. The most prominent eruption site was named Lusi. Lusi is located ∼10 km to the NE of the northernmost cone of the Arjuno-Welirang volcanic complex with which it is connected by the Watukosek Fault System. In this study, we applied the HVSR method, which is a common tool used for site effect investigations as well as to infer buried structures and reconstruct sub-surface geology. The method is based on the ratio of the horizontal to vertical components of ground motion and it generally exhibits a peak corresponding to the fundamental frequency of the site. Spectral ratio results highlight a fundamental frequency band between 0.4 and 1.0 Hz in the Lusi neighborhood. We interpret these peaks as related to the velocity lithological contrast at depth between alluvial deposits and bluish grey clay. Our analysis also highlights the presence of a “depocenter”, characterized by fundamental frequency up to 0.3 Hz, which is interpreted as the subsidence caused by withdrawal of mud and fluids from depth (as also shown by the comparison of the HVSR results with gravimetry data). Moreover, in the area of the Lusi vent a broad-band frequency range is related to the Lusi conduit. In this paper, we show that detailed microtremor surveys could be used as a preliminary and fast approach to locate mud conduits with sufficient precision.

Facies and Reservoir Characteristics of the Ngrayong Sandstone in the Rembang Area, Northeast Java (Indonesia)

The Rembang area is a well-known prospective region for oil and gas exploration in Northeast Java, Indonesia. In this study, the reservoir characteristics of the Ngrayong Sandstone were investigated based on outcrops in the Rembang area. Petrological, mineralogical, petrophysical and sedimentological facies analyses were conducted. These sandstones are grain- and matrix-supported, and composed of very fine to medium, sub-angular to poorly-rounded, moderately- to very well-sorted sand grains. These sandstones are mainly composed of quartz, orthoclase, plagioclase, and micas with minor amounts of clay minerals, and therefore are predominantly classified as sub-lithic arenite and sub-felds pathicarenite. Petrographic observations and grain size data indicate that these sandstones are texturally quite mature, based on their good-sorting and the occurrence of minor amounts of matrix clays. Common clays in the samples include illite, smectite, kaolinite, and gibbsite. The porosity of the Ngrayong sandstones ranges from 25.97% to 40.21%, and the permeability ranges from 94.6 to 3385 millidarcies. Thus, these sandstones exhibit well to excellent reservoir qualities. Eight lithofacies were identified from five measured stratigraphic sections, and are dominated by foreshore and tide-dominated shoreface facies. The Ngrayong sequence shows a single transgressive-regressive cycle. Cross-bedded sandstone and massive sandstone are identified as the most promising potential reservoir facies based on their characteristics in outcrops, their lateral and vertical distributions, their sedimentological characteristics and their petrophysical properties.

Source rock formation evaluation using TOC & Ro log model based on well-log data procesing: study case of Ngimbang formation, North East Java basin

Ngimbang Formation is known as one major source of hydrocarbon supply in the North Eastern Java Basin. Aged Mid-Eocene, Ngimbang is dominated by sedimentary clastic rocks mostly shale, shaly sandstone, and thick layers of limestone (CD Limestone), with thin layers of coal. Although, laboratory analyses show the Ngimbang Formation to be a relatively rich source-rocks, such data are typically too limited to regionally quantify the distribution of organic matter. To adequately sample the formation both horizontally and vertically on a basin–wide scale, large number of costly and time consuming laboratory analyses would be required. Such analyses are prone to errors from a number of sources, and core data are frequently not available at key locations. In this paper, the authors established four TOC (Total Organic Carbon Content) logging calculation models; Passey, Schmoker-Hester, Meyer-Nederloff, and Decker/Density Model by considering the geology of Ngimbang. Well data along with its available core data was used to determine the most suitable model to be applied in the well AFA-1, as well as to compare the accuracy of these TOC model values. The result shows good correlation using Decker (TOC) Model and Mallick-Raju (Ro- Vitrinite Reflectance) Model. Two source rocks potential zones were detected by these log models.

SEISMIC FACIES ANALYSIS ON 2D SEISMIC REFLECTION PROFILE IN BARUNA AND JAYA LINE AT NORTH EAST JAVA BASIN

<p class="abstrak">Two dimension (2D) seismic profile of Baruna and Jaya lines at North-East Java Basin show seismic reflector characteristics that can be used to interpret sediment thickness and continuity. Those reflector characteristics that can be applied for seismic facies analysis that represent depositional environment. This study starts from seismic data processing that using Kirchhoff Post Stack Time Migration method which is 2D seismic profile as result. Seismic reflector characterization has been done to both 2D profiles. Seismic reflector characterization was grouped as (i) individual reflection, (ii) reflection configuration, (iii) reflection termination, (iv) external form. Individual reflection characteristics show high and medium amplitude, medium and low frequency, and continuous. Configuration reflection is continuous with parallel and subparallel type. Reflection termination shows onlap, and external form shows sheet drape. Local mound appearance can be interpreted as paleo-reef. Facies seismic anlysis result for this study area is shelf.</p>

GEOLOGICAL CONSIDERATION FOR CO2 STORAGE IN INDONESIA: A BASINAL SCALE OUTLOOK

Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CSS) is alternative of reducing atmospheric emissions of CO2. The concepts of CO2 storage refer to the injection of carbon dioxide in dense form into aquifers, which basically must meet several conditions. Three types of geological formations that can be used for the geological storage of CO2 are oil and gas reservoirs, deep saline formations and unmineable coal beds. Indonesia has 60 Tertiary basins, however that great precautions must be taken for selecting particular sedimentary basin in Indonesia for carbon dioxide storage because of high possibility of leakage and the need to find deep formations as CO2 host since the geothermal gradient is high. One possibility to find proper basins is by selected “mature” basin as the detailed geological conditions are well known. Candidates are are North East Java or South Sumatra Basins. 
 
 Keywords: Carbon dioxide capture, storage, emission, basin.

Seismic and Sequence Analysis of Middle to Late Miocene Deposits of Northeast Java Basin

DOI:10.17014/ijog.2.2.101-110This study is focused on Middle to Late Miocene sediments. As depicted in the regional geology of Indonesia, the area of study is part of Northeast Java Basin. There are three phases of tectonism in the basin: extensional tectonics at Eocene-Oligocene time, compressional tectonics at Middle Miocene, and compressional tectonics at Miocene-Pliocene time. The result of the study shows three sequences were developing during Middle to Late Miocene, those are: (1) Middle Miocene sequence-1 (MM-1 sequence) consisting of a Lowstand Tract System deposition in Middle Miocene-1 (LST MM-1), Transgressive System Tract deposition in Middle Miocene-1 (TST MM-1), and Highstand System Tract deposition in Middle Miocene-1 (HST MT-2); (2) Middle Miocene sequence-2 (MT-2 sequence), comprising Transgressive System Tract Middle Miocene-1 (TST MM-2), and Highstand System Tract deposition in Middle Miocene-1 (HST MM-2); (3) Late Miocene sequence-1 (LM-1 sequence), composed of a Lowstand Tract System deposition in Late Miocene -1 (LST LM-1) and a Transgressive System Tract deposition in Late Miocene-1 (TST LM-1).

DEPOSITIONAL MODEL OF NGRAYONG FORMATION IN MADURA AREA, NORTH EAST JAVA BASIN, INDONESIA

The early Middle Miocene Ngrayong Formation, an important reservoir of North East Java Basin, is well exposed in the central anticlinal part of Madura Island. The purpose of current study is to classify the depositional environments of the study area based on the characteristics and geometry of sedimentary facies. In the Madura island, the thicker clastics and deeper carbonates of Ngimbang Formation and Kujung Formation of Late Oligocene-Early Miocene deposited in the northeast-southwest asymmetrical half grabens. After the deposition of Kujung Formation, the basin morphology developed nearly eastwest trending shelf edge and the deposition of Tuban Formation began. The fine grained complex of Tuban Formation was followed by the Ngrayong Sandstones deposition. The depositional model of Ngrayong Formation is being producing of wide variety of depositional environments. Large scale cross-bedded sandstones and bioturbated massive sandstones with thin to medium bedded argillaceous limestone that outcrop in the northern part of the study area are deposited in costal environment. The heterolithic sandstone with planar and trough cross-lamination, fine grained sandstone with interlaminated structure and bioclastic carbonate exposed in the central part of the study area are deposited in upper shallow marine area. Dark grey siltstones and mudstones deposited in lower shallow marine area are well exposed in southern part of the study area. In conclusion, Ngrayong Formation in Madura area is developed in three depositional units which are coastal, upper shallow marine and lower shallow marine.

IMPACT OF FISH AGGREGATING DEVICE ON SUSTAINABLE CAPTURE FISHERIES

The use of rumpon, a type of Fish Aggregating Device (FAD), has been traditional in Indonesia, particularly in eastern Indonesia waters since time immemorial (Reuter 1938; Nasution et al. 1986; Monintja 1976). The traditional tuna fishermen in Mamuju waters in the Province of South Celebes have used rumpons for a long time, although there is no record when the device was first used (Nasution et al. 1986). Any structure designed or made to attract free schooling fishes: rumpon (Indonesia), tendak (West Java), uncang (Sumatera), rompong (Sulawesi), payaos (Philippines). Local fishermen claimed that they learned how to construct the rumpon from their ancestors, but did not apply the device extensively until 1985 because of the low profitability of catching the swift swimming fishes. The use of rumpon for fishing activities has improved the effectiveness and efficiency of several fishing gear. However, the fast growing of rumpon utilization has raised a great concern on the sustainability of the fish resources. The rumpon management for responsible fisheries should consider the aspects of biology, location, environment, fishing gear, social and economic. The existing condition of rumpon has not fully understood and its usage in a responsible manner further elaboration also needed. For that purpose, the information of the past and present situation of rumpon in Indonesia will be important for further management. The main data were collected and compiled from various references, annual report of the Directorate General of Fisheries and research report of Central Research Institute for Fisheries. Additional data were made available from local fisheries agencies or related institutions. Structure of the rumpon installed in the Provinces of North Sumatera, West Sumatra, Lampung, West Java, East Java, North Celebes, Central Celebes, South Celebes, maluku and Papua are given in detail. There are 2 types of rumpon : the deep sea rumpon and shallow water rumpon. The differences among the rumpons in those areas are mostly found in material of mooring line, shape and material of float and structure of the attracting components. The mooring line is mostly made of polyethylene of 12-25 mm in diameter or nylon of 5-10 mm in diameter. There are wide variations of shape of floats. Generally they are divide into pontoon type or box shape made of steel and raft type made of bamboos. Attractors are made of coconut leaves, nipah leaves and pinag leaves. Some attractors are attached to the mooring line and the others are hung down from the float. They are operated in wide range of water depth from 20 to 1500 m. The fishing ground conditions, bottom topography and bottom configuration are among the factors considered for the rumpon design and construction. The differences in construction are mainly due to the rumpon location, target species in each area and the fishing gear applied. Keywords : fish aggregating device, rumpon, sustainable fisheries, Indonesia

Kondisi Paelosalinitas pada Miosen Akhir–Pleistosen di Cekungan Jawa Timur Utara, Indonesia, Berdasarkan Perubahan Populasi Nanoplankton

Abstract Quantitative biostratigraphy analysis by observing Sphenolithus abies and Helicosphaera carteri could predict paleosalinity changes at a sedimentary basin diachronically. Hyposaline conditions can be investigated from the abundance changes of Helicosphaera carteri and Calcidiscus leptoporus counts. Along this line, the increasing number of Sphenolithus abies demonstrates particular states of normal saline. Paleosalinity changes in the North East Java Basin, from Late Miocene to Pleistocene were identified from the top of Wonocolo Formation to bottom of Ledok Formation. Paleosalinity along this episode was interpreted as hyposaline condition. While at the top of Ledok Formation to Mundu Formation; paleosalinity had changed to normal saline. Furthermore, environmental conditions return to hyposaline when Selorejo Formation sediment was deposited. And during the deposition of Lidah Formation, deposition environment had returned to the normal saline.

Sedimentological Process and Sequence Stratigraphy Analysis of Ngrayong Sandstone Formation, Northeast Java Basin

The Ngrayong Formation has been studied for a long time. However, the depositional environment of the Ngrayong Formation has been determined differently from one author to another. Therefore, more in-depth studies about Ngrayong Formation's deposition environment were attractive. The measure section was carried out along the Braholo River from Ngampel to Sendangharjo villages for vertical profile lithologic column. Depositional environment was studied in terms of sedimentology of Ngrayong Formation. Sedimentology was emphasized on foraminifera, trace fossil, grain size, and petrographic analysis. Porosity and permeability of the Ngrayong Formation sandstone was also calculated to evaluate reservoir quality. Porosity and permeability were measured by consolidation permeameter.

Indonesia. Madurese seafarers: Prahus, timber, and illegality on the margins of the Indonesian state. By Kurt Stenross. Singapore: NUS Press (in association with the Asian Studies Association of Australia), 2011. Pp. xxvi + 315. Maps, Plates, Notes, Bibliography, Index.

Madurese seafarers: Prahus, timber, and illegality on the margins of the Indonesian state By KURT STENROSS Singapore: NUS Press (in association with the Asian Studies Association of Australia), 2011. Pp. xxvi + 315. Maps, Plates, Notes, Bibliography, Index. It has been remarked by some that Indonesia might be the only large economy in the world that would not grind to a complete and utter halt if oil suddenly dried up and became unavailable across the globe. The reason for this, the truism says, is that the sailing fleet of the country has such a long history, and such comprehensive coverage of the island nation's ports, that Indonesia's economy would continue to function, albeit at a slower pace. No one knows when these words were first uttered, and they probably are no longer precisely true for Indonesia. But this does not take away from the geist of the statement, or the sentiment; Indonesia is an archipelagic nation, and it is still very much dependent on its ships. Today most of these ships run on gasoline, even if many do indeed still have sails to use for times that the winds are blowing in the correct direction. Kurt Stenross has been an avid chronicler of these shipping traditions in one particular part of the archipelago, the island of Madura (off northeast Java) and its attendant small islets. It is fair to say that there is no living person who knows more about these craft--their history, construction, viability and design-than Stenross. Over several decades, he has returned again and again to Madura, and has even sailed with the Madurese in a number of directions. What MacKnight, Pelras and Ammarell, among others, have collectively done for the Bugis, Stenross has done on his own for the shipping traditions of the Madurese. His new book tells that story, and gives an exhaustive account of the Madurese as sailors, traders and smugglers in the central waters of the Java Sea. The book is organised into seven chapters. The first chapter outlines who the Madurese are as a maritime people, while the second looks at the main cargoes that make their journeys profitable and worthwhile. Chapter three looks at the ships themselves, and the places they come from on the island of Madura proper. Chapter four looks at what Stenross calls 'opportunity and illegality', while chapter five analyses the profits from such activities. Chapter six then studies entrepreneurship and risk as part of this overall equation, placing the maritime Madurese in a long line of ethnic minorities who seem to be drawn to taking chances with illegal cargoes in complex markets. The seventh chapter acts as a conclusion, though this section could have been usefully expanded into a longer meditation about the aims and conclusions of the book as a whole. …

Triggering and dynamic evolution of the LUSI mud volcano, Indonesia

Mud volcanoes are geologically important manifestations of vertical fluid flow and mud eruption in sedimentary basins worldwide. Their formation is predominantly ascribed to release of overpressure from clay- and organic-rich sediments, leading to impressive build-up of mud mountains in submarine and subaerial settings. Here we report on a newly born mud volcano appearing close to an active magmatic complex in a backarc sedimentary basin in Indonesia. The location of the mud volcano close to magmatic volcanoes results in a high background temperature gradient that triggers mineralogical transformations and geochemical reactions at shallow depth. The eruption of 100 °C mud and gas that started the 29th of May 2006 flooded a large area within the Sidoarjo village in Northeast Java. Thousands of people have so far been evacuated due to the mud flood hazards from the eruption. Since the initial eruption, the flow rate escalated from 5000 to 120,000 m 3/d during the first eleven weeks. Then the erupted volume started to pulsate between almost zero and 120,000 m 3/d in the period August 14 to September 10, whereas it increased dramatically following swarms of earthquakes in September, before reaching almost 180,000 m 3/d in December 2006. Sampling and observations were completed during two fieldwork campaigns on the site. The eruption of boiling water is accompanied by mud, aqueous vapour, CO 2 and CH 4. Based on geochemical and field results, we propose a mechanism where the eruptions started following the 27th of May earthquake due to fracturing and accompanied depressurization of > 100 °C pore fluids from > 1700 m depth. This resulted in the formation of a quasi-hydrothermal system with a geyser-like surface expression and with an activity influenced by the regional seismicity.

Indonesian local party politics

Since the fall of Soeharto in 1998, economic reforms have been linked to internationally supported programs to introduce market-facilitating “good governance” practices, which include the promotion of democratic elections and administrative and fiscal decentralization. International development organizations have thus put forward decentralization as necessary, essentially, to save Indonesia from becoming an irredeemably “failed state” — an issue that has now grown in importance because of the current nature of Western security concerns in Southeast Asia. But this article suggests that the way decentralization has actually taken place can only be understood in relation to the entrenchment of a democratic political regime run by the logic of money politics and violence, and primarily dominated by reconstituted old New Order elites. Taking local party politics in North Sumatra and East Java as case studies, the article shows that local constellations of power, with an interest in the perpetuation of predatory politics, still offer significant sites of resistance to the global neoliberal economic and political agenda.

An Analysis on Performance of Land-Based Farming System

Efficiency and productivity are important terms in understanding performance of farming system. Landbased farming system is generally efficient and productive, if it operates in a certain range of land holding scale. This study assumed that efficiency and productivity are related to farmland holding scale, land fragmentation, and cropping diversification. In land based farming system, land ownershiplholding scale and fragmentation and cropping diversification are assumed to have specific correlation.This study was conducted under a cooperation work between Research Institute of Bogor Agricultural University and Agency for Research and Development of Department of Agriculture, in a research titled "Cropping Diversification and Employment Development, Stage 11". Study area comprised 6 (six) provinces, i.e.: North Sumatera, South Sumatera, Lampung, West Java, East Java, and South Sulawesi. From these provinces, it was sampled 12 districts.This study conclude that lower level of efficiency, productivity and farmer income is significantly related to smaller scale of farmland ownershiplholding, highly fragmented land ownershiplholding, and miscoordinated (sprawl) land utilization pattem. Farmland tends to decrease every year, but fragmentation of land ownersh~plholdingte nds to increase every year. In another way, miscoordinated land utilization pattern tends to expand. Therefore, arrangement of land mershiplholding, consolidation of land, and coordination of landutilization are expected to be one of effective policy instruments in solving current problems of land-based farmingsystem's efficiency and productivity.

ABSTRACT: The utilization of paleo heatflow to define a source rock maturity: case study at Ngimbang-01, North East Java Basin, Indonesia

ABSTRACT: The utilization of paleo heatflow to define a source rock maturity: case study at Ngimbang-01, North East Java Basin, Indonesia