Northeast Anatolia Research Articles

Determination of the biochemical content and antioxidant properties of some medical plants grown in the North East Anatolia Region ecological conditions

Türkiye coğrafik yapısı, iklimsel özellikleri ve konumundan ötürü çok zengin bir bitki örtüsüne sahiptir.  Bu bitki çeşitliliğinin içerisinde çok sayıda tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiyi de barındırmaktadır.  Bu çalışmada ülkemizin Kuzey Doğu Anadolu bölgesinde yer alan Ardahan ilinde yetişen, halk arasındaki adlarıyla kımı (Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm.), madımak, (Polygonum cognatum Meissn.), evelik (Rumex crispus L.), aslan pençesi (Allcemilla sericata Rchb.) ve çuha (Primula veris L.) bitkilerinin bazı biyoaktif bileşen içerikleri ve antioksidan özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Bitkilerin yaprak örnekleri Mayıs ayında toplanarak laboratuvara getirilmiş ve taze örneklerle hazırlanan ekstraktlarla analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir.  Çalışmada toplam fenolik madde ve toplam flavanoid madde içeriği ile 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) (% 91,9), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (% 58.9) ve Demir(III) iyonu indirgeyici antioksidan gücü (FRAP) (770,8 µmol Fe II/g) metodlarına göre antioksidan aktivitesi en yüksek olan bitkinin Allcemilla sericata Rchb. olduğu belirlenmiştir.  Bitki türlerinin toplam askorbik asit içeriklerinin 118,5 ile 387,7 mg/100g değerleri arasında olduğu ve en yüksek değerin Anthriscus sylvestris (L.)  bitkisinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. 

Factors affecting inadequate response to HBV vaccine in hemodialysis patients: northeast anatolia survey with six hemodialysis centers

In hemodialysis patients Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the problems. Because of HBV vaccine response is lower than in the general population, in this study it is aimed to determine the factors that may cause inadequate HBV vaccine response in hemodialysis patients. In study, HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc IgG data belonging to 278 patients were obtained from file and computer records. It was seen that seronegative cases had been given recombinant HBV vaccine. Anti-HBs titers were monitored 1month after vaccination was completed. According to this, the patients are divided into two groups. Those with anti-HBs < 10IU/mL were identified as non-responders and with anti-HBs ≥ 10IU/mL as responders. Factors such as age, serum albumin and urea reduction rate which may affect inadequate response to HBV vaccine were evaluated. As statistical examination, Chi-square test was used for the analysis of the data determined by counting, and logistic regression was used for statistically significant independent variables in chi-square test. p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant (Confidence interval: 95%). Out of 278 patients, according to exclusion criteria 81 patients were excluded. 13.2%(26/197) of HBV vaccinated patients had insufficient response. The inadequate response rate to HBV vaccination was found to be higher in patients with age ≥ 65 (p = 0.039), serum albumin < 3.5g/dL (p = 0.024) and urea reduction rate ≤ 65 (p = 0.028). No statistically significant relationship was found between inadequate response to HBV vaccine and anti-HCV positivity, presence of diabetes mellitus, anemia status, vitamin D therapy and vascular access pathway variability. We conclude that relatively high patient age, low albumin level and insufficient urea reduction rate may cause inadequate HBV vaccine response. Taking these factors into consideration may provide a useful insight for an adequate response to vaccination.

Epidemiological survey and economic significance of bovine hypodermosis on the Kars Plateau in the Northeast Anatolia Region of Turkey

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and seroprevalence of hypodermosis and to calculate the economic loss associated with hide damage in the cattle on the Kars Plateau, Turkey. A total of 6563 randomly selected cattle were examined by skin palpation from 1 April to 31 May 2014. A subset of 465 serum samples was collected from October to November in 2014 and analyzed using a commercial ELISA kit. The overall prevalence of hypodermosis was 16.9% in the cattle examined by skin palpation. In respect of each of the risk factors assessed, the highest prevalence rates were recorded in 2-year-old (26.4%), Brown Swiss crossbred (17.9%), female (18.1%), and dark-colored (49.7%) cattle. A total of 15,349 warble larvae were detected under the skin of 1114 cattle. The larval count per animal ranged from 1 to 91, with a mean count of 13.8. Seroprevalence was found to be 73.8% (343/465), with the highest rates of infestation in 2-year-old (87.7%), dark-colored (81.1%), female (80.4%), and Brown Swiss crossbred (87.7%) cattle. The highest seroprevalence rate was 96.8% and the lowest was 49.5%. The economic loss caused by the disease was calculated as 18,615 Turkish lira in the survey areas.

Spatial Distribution of Snowfall Days in Turkey

In observing the effects of global climate change on Turkey, it is important to determine the frequency of snowfall and its spatial distribution. This study concerns the spatial distribution of snowy days in Turkey utilizing measurements provided by the Turkish State Meteorological Service. The homogeneity of 217 station-specific and constructed data was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis Test. The longest data sets are 75 years old covering the years 1932-2006 while the shortest is 25 year-old data covering 1982-2006. Figures were mapped with GIS taking the mean values and variability coefficients of the long-term data from the stations. The factors that affect spatial distribution and variance of snowfall days in Turkey are location, continentality, altitude and exposure. The snowfall observed in most of the northeast Anatolia stations decreases to the south and west. Due to local climatic conditions, snowy days increase in Edirne and Kastamonu, while Iğdır and Malatya decrease towards the periphery. This introductory study on the climatology of snowfall days in Turkey is considered a guide for handling data, taking precautions, and creating solutions. The study’s findings will serve as a basis for interpreting the results of future studies.

Evaluation of the Distribution of Public Agricultural Investments With Gini Coefficient: an Analysis on Northeast Anatolia Region (1999-2017)

Çalışmada Kuzeydoğu Anadolu (TRA) Bölgesi illeri ve alt bölgelerinde kamu tarım yatırımlarının 1999-2017&amp;nbsp;yılları arasında hangi ölçüde eşitsiz dağıldığı Gini indeksi yardımıyla hesaplanmaktadır. Ampirik bulgular TRA&amp;nbsp;Bölgesi ve alt bölgeleri TRA1 ve TRA2 Bölgelerine ait kamu tarım yatırımları Gini Katsayısı değerlerinin söz&amp;nbsp;konusu dönemin başlarında nispeten düşük seviyelerde olduğunu yani kamu tarım yatırımlarının iller arasında&amp;nbsp;eşit bir biçimde dağıldığını ancak dönem boyunca katsayı değerlerinin yükselerek eşitsizliğin arttığını&amp;nbsp;göstermektedir. 1999-2017 döneminde TRA, TRA1 ve TRA2 Bölgeleri için ortalama Gini Katsayısı değerleri&amp;nbsp;sırasıyla 0.410, 0.433 ve 0.262 olarak hesaplanmaktadır. Bu durum üç bölge içerisinde kamu tarım&amp;nbsp;yatırımlarının nispi olarak en eşit dağıldığı bölgenin TRA2 Bölgesi, en eşitsiz dağılan bölgenin ise TRA1&amp;nbsp;Bölgesi olduğunu göstermektedir. Gini Katsayısı ayrıştırma analizi sonuçlarına göre bölgeler arası eşitsizliğin&amp;nbsp;toplam eşitsizliğe katkısının azaldığı, bölge içi eşitsizliğin ve örtüşmenin ise arttığı görülmektedir.

Determination of the physicochemical properties and 13C/12C isotope ratios of some honeys from the northeast Anatolia region of Turkey

In the study, the honey was subjected to analyses after being taken from different producers immediately after the end of the production season. 13C/12C analysis was performed on the samples using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA-IRMS) combined with an elemental analyzer. In all of the honey samples, the δ13C value was found to be more negative than −23.5‰ and even the C4 sugar ratio was found to be lower than 7%. The results from the physicochemical analysis of the samples were determined to be 15.9 ± 1.6% for the moisture content, 82.8 ± 1.1 for brix, 0.183 ± 0.02 mS/cm for conductivity, 24.4 ± 4.0 meq/kg for total acidity, 546 ± 80 mg/kg for proline, and 14.5 ± 3.5 for diastase activity. In addition, the sugar content was determined to be 38.8 ± 1.8% for fructose, 30.2 ± 1.7% for glucose, 69.1 ± 3.3% for fructose + glucose, and 1.29 ± 0.5 for fructose/glucose. When the analysis results were evaluated according to the relevant standards and codex, it was evident that the honey samples produced within the region are of very good quality.

Türkiye‘nin Nesli Tehlike Altında olan Lilium sp. Türleri

Ülkemiz dünyanın başlıca gen merkezleri arasında yer almakta ve bitki genetik çeşitliliği bakımından çok özel bir konumda bulunmaktadır. Ancak geofitler de dâhil sahip olduğumuz birçok bitki genetik kaynağı, çevresel ve diğer baskılarla genetik erozyona uğramakta ve yok olma tehlikesi ile karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. Ülkemiz Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi‘ne endemik olan Lilium ciliatum türü IUCN (Doğa ve Doğal Kaynakların Korunması için Uluslararası Birlik) kırmızı listesinin Tehlike (EN) sınıfında yer almaktadır. Zigana Geçidi, Trabzon, Bayburt ve Giresun ile Gümüşhane‘de yayılış gösteren L. ciliatum‘un yol yapım çalışmaları, ekoturizm ve rekreasyon çalışmaları gibi insan faaliyetleri nedeniyle nesli tehlike altına girmiştir. IUCN kırmızı listesinde yer almamasına rağmen ülkemizde doğal olarak yetişen Lilium carniolicum türünün de neslinin tehlike altında olduğu bildirilmiştir. L. carniolicum daha çok Trabzon, Rize, Artvin illerinde bulunmakta ve Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi‘ne endemik bir türdür. Gösterişli, renkli ve iri çiçeklere sahip olan bu türlerin süs bitkisi olarak kullanım potansiyeli çok yüksektir. Ayrıca bu türlerin soğanları tıpta ve kozmetik sanayiinde de kullanılmaktadır. Bunlar L. ciliatum ve L. carniolicum türlerinin önemini arttıran başlıca özelliklerdir. Bu nedenle bu türlerin neslinin yok olmasını engellemek, türlerin yetiştiği habitatları korumak ve nesillerinin devamlılığını sağlamak çok önemlidir. Türkiye‘ye endemik olan bu türlerin ülkemizden kaybolması Dünya‘dan kaybolması anlamına gelmektedir. Bu derleme ülkemizde doğal olarak yetişen, biyoçeşitlilik ve diğer birçok açıdan önemli olan fakat çeşitli nedenlerle nesilleri tehlike altında giren Lilium türleri ve koruma çalışmaları ile ilgili bilgiler vermek ve konuya dikkat çekmek amacıyla hazırlanmıştır.

Levels of burnout and their associated factors among physicians working in Northeast Anatolia.

The concept of burnout is a condition seen in occupational groups working face-to-face with people and resulting in emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low professional productivity. The purpose of this study was to determine burnout levels and associated factors in physicians practicing in Erzurum, Northeast Anatolia, Turkey. This research was designed as a cross-sectional descriptive study. The research sample size was calculated at 663 participants with a 99% confidence interval and a 3% margin of error using Epi Info software. A 10% incomplete or nonresponse rate was added, for a target cohort of 730 individuals. Seven hundred and eleven physicians agreeing to take part were enrolled. A questionnaire consisting of questions concerning sociodemographic characteristics and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used as the data collection tool. The questionnaires were distributed by the authors and completed by the physicians in person. Descriptive data were expressed as percentage, mean, median, and standard deviation. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests and binary logistic regression analysis. P < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Statistical analyses were performed on SPSS 15.00 software. The mean age of the physicians in the study was 34.4 ± 7.7 years. Mean MBI subdimension scores were 15.6 ± 7.0 for emotional exhaustion, 5.7 ± 3.9 for depersonalization, and 21.0 ± 4.4 for personal accomplishment. Mean emotional exhaustion and depersonalization scores were significantly higher and personal accomplishment scores significantly lower in physicians aged under 25, not taking vacations, working in public hospitals, who were working as research assistants. Burnout levels among the participants were low (emotional exhaustion in 75%, depersonalization in 76.2%, and low personal accomplishment in 69.6%).

Sorbus orbiculata (Rosaceae), a new species from Caucasus, North-East Anatolia and North-West Iran

Long-standing observations of plants named by Yu. D. Zinserling (1939) Sorbus graeca (Spach) Lodd. ex S. Schauer var. orbiculata Zinserl., nom. inval., descr. ross., and later described by us as S. umbellata (Desf.) Fritsch var. orbiculata Gabrielian (1978), allowed to identify significant additional features to clearly distinguish them from typical plants of S. graeca. We propose to consider these plants as an independent species S. orbiculata (Gabrielian) Gabrielian, comb. et stat. nov. Distinctive features of this species from S. graeca, as well as from other closely related species S. umbellata and S. taurica Zinserl. are shown.

Fritillaria tunievii (Liliaceae), a new species from Armenia and North-East Anatolia

The new peculiar species Fritillaria tunievii Gabrielian with twin flowers is described from Urts mountain range in Yerevan fl oristic region of Armenia. Revision of herbarium collections of related species revealed this species to grow also in Aragats, Aparan and Darelegis floristic regions of Armenia, and even in North-East Anatolia. Description, holotype image, distinguishing features from F. hajastanica (Gabrielian) Gabrielian, F. caucasica Adams and F. assyriaca Baker, the map of distribution of the species and photos of plants are enclosed.

Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Trypanosoma spp. in Domestic Geese (Anser anser domesticus) from the North-East Anatolia Region of Turkey

Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Trypanosoma spp. in Domestic Geese (Anser anser domesticus) from the North-East Anatolia Region of Turkey

Galium ovitdaghense sp. nov. (Rubiaceae: Rubioideae) from northeastern Turkey

A new species of Galium section Orientigalium, G. ovitdaghense Daşkın, is described and illustrated from Rize province, northeast Anatolia. The new species is similar to three Turkish Galium species, namely G. basalticum, G. membranaceum and G. shepardii. However, it is distinguished from these species by its oblanceolate‐oblong leaves with minutely antrorsely papillate‐denticulate margins, pinkish, infundibular corollas, ovate‐oblong, long‐acuminate corolla lobes and broadly reniform, subpapillate mericarps.

Paleomagnetic results from Northeast Anatolia: remagnetization in Late Cretaceous sandstones and tectonic rotation at the Eastern extension of the Izmir–Ankara–Erzincan suture zone

Paleomagnetic results obtained from Upper Cretaceous sandstones in Northeastern Anatolia demonstrate that the entire area from Erzincan to Kars has been remagnetised. The remagnetisation was acquired before the Middle Eocene collision between the Eastern Pontides and the Arabian Platform because Middle Eocene sandstones carry primary natural remanent magnetisations. The post-folding in situ mean direction of the Upper Cretaceous sandstones is compared with mean directions of younger, Middle Eocene to present rock formations. As a result, a two-stage antagonistic rotation mechanism is proposed. First, the collision between the Pontides and the Taurides between Late Cretaceous and Middle Eocene was associated by clockwise rotation of ~ 26°. In the second stage between Middle Eocene and Middle Miocene and beyond, counterclockwise rotations up to ~ 52° of the Pontide and Anatolide blocks and clockwise rotations of the Van Block were characterised by regional shortening and westward escape.

Yeni Bulgular Işığında Kuzeydoğu Anadolu’da Diauehi Krallığı ve Urartular

Yeni Bulgular Işığında Kuzeydoğu Anadolu’da Diauehi Krallığı ve Urartular

Evaluation of Climatic Characteristics for Tourism and Recreation in Northeast Anatolia (TRA1 NUTS II) Region in the Example of Erzincan City Centre

Evaluation of Climatic Characteristics for Tourism and Recreation in Northeast Anatolia (TRA1 NUTS II) Region in the Example of Erzincan City Centre

Investigation of Rotavirus infection in sheep usingserological and molecular techniques

In this study, serological and molecular research was conducted on the Rotavirus infection in domestic breeds of sheep at 2–3 years of age. The sheep included in the study were raised on small scale family units of less than 20 sheep per unit, in central Kars province and its districts (Susuz, Arpaçay, Kagizman and Selim) in the Northeast Anatolia region of Turkey. The blood and fecal samples were collected randomly from 450 sheep. They were analyzed for the presence of Rotavirus and the antibody against the virus using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The highest seropositive ratio (73.46%) was found in central Kars province. The seroprevalence of Rotavirus in sheep raised in the Kars region was determined to be 55.33%. Rotavirus was not detected in fecal samples with ELISA. Molecular detection of Rotavirus from fecal samples was done by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique using specific generic primers for VP6 protein. Rotavirus could not be detected in RT-PCR. The data that were obtained showed that the infection spreads on small scale family farms. Based on this information, recommendations were made for controlling Rotavirus infection.

Morphological And Anatomical Properties Of Endemic Iris nezahatiae Distributed In The North-East Anatolia Region (Turkey)

In this study, the morphological and anatomical properties of endemic Iris nezahatiae Guner & H. Duman were determined and discussed with Iris caucasica Hoffm. in terms of similar and different properties. I. nezahatiae is placed in juno irises. This species is a spring geophyte of Turkey and has flowers in varied colours. It distributes only in the vicinity of Yusufeli (Artvin) in Turkey and is under threat of exctinction. The species is a bulbous and perennial plant and has storage roots. The leaves and flowers of I. nezahatiae have different morphologic properties. In anatomical research, the differences were observed in the central cylinder of root, stem and mesophyll layer of leaf. Consequently, some morphologic and anatomic characters between two close taxa were determined that can be selecred as discriminative characters. Stomata index of the species was also calculated

Bog bilberry phenolics, antioxidant capacity and nutrient profile

Phenolics and nutrient profiles of bog bilberry (Vaccinium uliginosum L.) collected from high mountain pastures in northeast Anatolia (Turkey) were examined for the first time in this study. The major soluble sugar identified in the berry was fructose, following by glucose, and the main organic acid identified was citric acid, followed by malic acid. Eleven phenolic acids and 17 anthocyanin 3-glycosides were identified and quantified. Caffeic acid in the free and glycoside forms and syringic acid in the ester form were the major phenolic acids, and the major individual anthocyanin present in the berry was malvidin 3-glucoside (24%). The highest total phenolics and anthocyanin contents were obtained from the anthocyanin fraction in conjunction with the highest antioxidant capacity, followed by the polyphenolic and aqueous fractions, FRAP, ORAC and DPPH, in that order. Our findings can be used to compare bog bilberry with other Vaccinium berries and to help clarify the relative potential health benefits of different berries.

Türkiye Güllerinin (Rosa L.) Yöresel Adları ve Yetiştikleri Yöreler

Roses ditribute in 0-3000 m altitude, and limestone and volcanic terrains with good drainage and loose soils. Roses are grown in almost every region of Turkey. They are used in many ways, especially in food, medicine and ornaments. However, the decrease at interest of the people towards the roses and the urbanization threatened their genetic diversity seriously. Besides, the local names and forms of utilization of roses being forgotten every passing day. In this study, it was aimed to determine the local names and growing regions of Roses grown in Turkey. The majority of the study materials included herbarium samples collected throughout Turkey within the scope of a TUBITAK project between 2006 and 2009. It was given as the study result that a total of 184 records from 35 rose taxa have been grown in Turkey. It was determined that totally 37 different names were used for the roses and the most commonly used names were Kusburnu and Silan. Samples of R. canina were collected from 11 provinces, R. damascena var. trigintipetala from 10 provinces, and R. foetida from eight provinces. It was found that R. canina had a wide geographic distribution from east to west, R. damascena which is grown economicaly in Goller region also has distribution in Central Anatolia and Northeast Anatolia, and R. dumalis, R. foetida and R. hemisphaerica species from natural roses have economic importance. In addition, it was determined that rose taxa have grown much in Isparta, Erzincan, Antalya, Artvin, Konya, Gumushane, and Van provinces, respectively

TÜRKİYE VE KUZEY DOĞU ANADOLU BÖLGESİ (KDAB)’NDE DOMATES ÜRETİMİ VE PAZARLAMASI

According to 2013 data from TUIK, of the 11.8 million tons of tomato productions in Turkey have been consisted of the table tomatoes (67.19%) and tomatoe paste (32.81%). In Turkey, approximately 25% to 30% of the tomato production are processed in the food industry and the remaining amount is consumed as fresh. 80% of the total amount of processed tomato is used for paste, 15% for canned tomatoes, the remaining amount is used in the manufacture of tomato products (ketchup, tomato juice, etc.). Furthermore, approximately in 100 businesses and facilities, tomato is one of the important vegetable because of its importance in canning industry as well as other products mainly processed in agricultural crops and indispensable products in human nutrition also in fresh consumption, but also in food industry as frozen, tomato paste, sauce, ketchup, pickles, tomato juice, tomato paste, peeled tomatoes, sliced tomato, cube-shaped chopped tomatoes, canned tomatoes as much variety of application areas. In this study, the importance of tomato has been emphasized in the country’s agriculture and covering examining the assessment of tomato farming in Erzurum, Erzincan, Bayburt, Agri, Kars, Igdir and Ardahan provinces of Northeast Anatolia Region has been made.