North Caucasus Federal District Research Articles

ПЕРВИЧНАЯ ИНВАЛИДНОСТЬ ПО ПРИЧИНЕ ЗЛОКАЧЕСТВЕННЫХ НОВООБРАЗОВАНИЙ В РАЗНЫХ ВОЗРАСТНЫХ ГРУППАХ ВЗРОСЛОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ (РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЙ АСПЕКТ)

Relevance. A significant level of morbidity significantly exacerbates the medical and social significance of oncopathology, leading to high mortality and disability of the population. In terms of the prevalence of disability, malignant tumors occupy the second rank after the circulatory system. The increase in advanced stages of malignant tumors associated with problems in early detection of the oncological process leads to a heavier disability group. Objective:. To analyze the prevalence and age structure of disability of the adult population due to malignant neoplasms in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. Materials and methods. Primary disability due to malignant neoplasms in 2020-2022 was studied using the accounting and reporting form No. 7-sobes. A comparative analysis of the structure and indicator of disability due to malignant neoplasms in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, the North Caucasus Federal District, and the Russian Federation was carried out. Results. The age structure of malignancy disability shows stable growth dynamics in all age groups, especially noticeable among young people. At the same time, the indicators of disability for malignant neoplasms among people of retirement age prevail over similar indicators among middle-aged and young people. In the structure of disability, taking into account the classes of diseases among IDPs due to malignant neoplasms, disability group I in 2022 amounted to 40.9%, group II 35.1%, group III 13.3%. The significant prevalence of disability group I among those recognized as disabled for the first time is prolonged during the study period, thus confirming the high relevance of the problem of malignant neoplasms. During the spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus epidemic, the growth dynamics of the disabled of the I disability group in 2021 and 2022 is noted. There was no significant impact on the indicators of disability groups II and III in this period.The indicators of primary disability due to malignant neoplasms in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania are lower than in the Russian Federation and the North Caucasus Federal District, but have the same upward trend. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate a negative dynamics in the growth of disability indicators for malignant neoplasms and an aggravation of the degree of disability. In the current situation, the analysis of indicators and the age structure of disability due to malignant neoplasms in dynamics makes it possible to identify the priorities of medical and social expertise and becomes important when developing age-oriented, differentiated rehabilitation programs for the disabled. Given the high correlation between the severity of disability and the neglect of the oncological process, early diagnosis and adequate treatment tactics for patients with malignant neoplasms will undoubtedly contribute to improving disability indicators, allowing timely medical and social examination.

Public perceptions of families affected by pediatric cancer and educational work in pediatric oncology.

This study aims to explore how Russian society perceives children with cancer and their families to determine its potential as a tool for solving the social struggles of cancer-affected youth. The study took place between 2019 and 2020 and involved 237 parents of cancer-affected children enrolled for inpatient treatment in 5 pediatric oncology clinics in the North Caucasus Federal District (Russia). The study exploits a specially designed questionnaire survey as its main research method. About half of the parents did not observe changes in their attitude towards their child following a cancer diagnosis, with women more frequently noting these changes (40% vs. 18%). Public sentiment diverges between poles of sympathy and alienation: 53% acknowledge the expression of sympathy, while 39% perceive a sense of alienation. This study underscores the imperative for adequate support for these families, encompassing both financial and social dimensions. The present findings can be used to design cancer awareness and anti-stigma programs aimed at educating the general population about the early symptoms of cancer, where to receive health consultation services, how to talk with and act around cancer-affected children, and how to support such children and their families. Despite advances in modern medicine and multiple cases of pediatric cancer being successfully treated, stereotypes about the incurable nature of cancer still exist in many countries. The present findings can serve as a platform for the comparative study of cancer-related issues in other regions and countries. The results of this study can also be used to design cancer awareness and anti-stigma programs aimed at educating the general population about the early symptoms of cancer, where to receive health consultation services, how to talk with and act around cancer-affected children, and how to support such children and their families.

Modernization of the organizational structure of the North Caucasus tourism cluster

To develop a modernized model of the architecture of the tourist cluster of the North Caucasus Federal District in modern economic realities, taking into account the multifaceted tourism potential of the territory, including opportunities for the development of skiing tourism, as well as sanatorium‐resort recreation with a combination of business visits, cultural and historical excursions, organisation of sports, events and other niche types of tourism. The study was carried out by modeling based on the analysis of data on the natural, historical, socio‐cultural features of the North Caucasus, as well as on the assessment of socio‐economic indicators of the tourism industry over the past five years.The study indicates that for the effective development and promotion of the tourist cluster of the North Caucasus Federal District, it is necessary to expand the range of services provided from homogeneous skiing tourism to multidirectional initiatives, combining the synergetic effect of deepening technological ties and cooperation of residents of the tourist cluster regions.The introduction of a matrix model of a tourism cluster of the North Caucasus in the management of the activities and marketing promotion of the tourism industry in the southern region of Russia would make the North Caucasus an outstanding centre of tourist attraction, a worthy competitor of world tourist resorts.

Features of Distribution and Spread of <I>Hyalomma marginatum</I> (Acari, Ixodidae) Ticks in the Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever Focus in the Territory of Russia

The review provides the summarized and updated information on the current distribution of the tick Hyalomma marginatum in the natural Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHF) focus in Russia. The work is based on the analysis of numerous literature sources, as well as the evidence from the personal collecting of ticks during long-term field research. In addition, the collection of ticks of the Stavropol Research Anti-Plague Institute of the Rospotrebnadzor and the database of H. marginatum collections in various regions of southern Russia were used. When delineating the boundaries of the H. marginatum areal and the CHF focus, we also deployed maps of the epidemiological survey of the focus, weekly and annual final reports on the CHF incidence from the Rospotrebnadzor Administrations. H. marginatum inhabits all regions of the Southern Federal District and the North-Caucasian Federal District, as well as the Crimean Peninsula and the south of the Saratov Region. The northern border of the areal reaches the Lugansk People’s Republic, Rostov, Volgograd, and Saratov Regions. H. marginatum is widely disseminated in the territory of Kalmykia and the Astrakhan Region. In the North Caucasus, it inhabits the entire flatland up to the foothills of the Greater Caucasus. The tick is widely distributed in the Stavropol Territory, populating the entire region. In the mountainous part of the Krasnodar Territory, this species is absent, but common in the rest of the areas. Beyond that, it is found on the Black Sea coast. In Karachay-Cherkessia, Kabardino-Balkaria, North Ossetia and Ingushetia, the tick lives in the northern steppe regions of the republics, in some places it invades the foothills. In Chechnya and Dagestan, the species widely inhabits the steppes and semi-deserts of the Terek-Kuma Interfluve. Moreover, in Dagestan, H. marginatum lives across the plain and foothill territory of the republic and even reaches the highlands up to a height of more than 2000 m above sea level. In addition, it is widely disseminated on the Crimean peninsula, both the flatland and the mountainous part.

Digitalization as a determinant of transformation of the real sector of the economy of the macroregion (using the example of the North Caucasus Federal District)

   Purpose: is to study of the processes of digitalization and digital transformation of the real sector of the economy of the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District.   Methods: the methodological basis of the study was the concept of the digital economy, the theoretical principles of supply-side economics, the systems approach, trend analysis and predictive analytics. The study is based on the use of the methods of economic and statistical analysis, scientifi c abstraction, analogies and scientifi c generalizations. The methods used are characterized by validity and show a high degree of eff ectiveness.   Results: digitalization and digital transformation processes are underway in the North Caucasus Federal District, but the pace remains low. To accelerate these processes, it is necessary to solve two interrelated problems: fi rstly, to materialize the processes of digitalization and digital transformation in the real sector of the economy of the regions of the federal district, and secondly, to train personnel in certain specialties who can eff ectively operate digital technologies. In the fi rst case, it is possible to use the model of catch-up development at the regional level, which will make it possible to implement the principle of “advantage of backwardness” and use the accumulated global and regional experience in the transition to the modern trends in the operation of digital technologies. In the second case, it is proposed to organize special centers in the subjects of the district for retraining digital technologies specialists with the necessary competencies and/or advanced training with the issuance of the confi rming certifi cates. Such centers could train exclusive specialists at the request of enterprises or engage in refresher training and retraining of the necessary specialists. The creation of the centers is possible on the basis of public-private partnership.   Conclusions and Relevance: the main task of the digital transformation of industry is considered to be the modernization of production process management, which will lead to the signifi cant increase in labor productivity. To implement such a scenario, the economic entities in the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District need to move away from the traditionalist approaches that take place in the organization and management of enterprises, and switch to the processes of digitalization and digital transformation of the real sector of the economy of the district.

Опыт реализации нормативно-правовых актов в сфере социального обеспечения населения Кабардино-Балкарии (2005–2021 гг.)

The article provides an analysis of the development of the regulatory framework for social protec-tion of the population of the Russian Federation and the Kabardino-Balkaria in 2005–2021, shows the influence of the territorial features of the region’s economic development on the social securi-ty of the republic, and identifies the level of increase in the GRP produced in the Kabardino-Balkaria per capita. A comparative analysis was carried out in the field of social security of the population of the republic with the indicators of the Russian Federation and the North Caucasus Federal District. It has been established that the average per capita income of the population per month in the North Caucasian Federal District and Kabardino-Balkaria is lower than in Russia; the share of the population with cash incomes below the subsistence level in the total population of the Kabardino-Balkaria in 2021 was higher than the Russian average by 7.1%. The state and prob-lems in the development of education and healthcare are considered. In addition, the state of the education and healthcare sectors and problems in their development are considered

The legal basis for ensuring national economic security on the example of assessing the socio-economic asymmetry of the subjects of the Russian Federation

In this article, an analysis of relevant, according to modern researchers, methods of assessing the socio-economic asymmetry of regions in the aspect of ensuring national economic security is carried out and their significance for the present development of the economy is revealed. As part of such an analysis, the interaction between the socio-economic development of the regions and national economic security is investigated, as well as the types of possible development of regions from which asymmetric is distinguished. Among the methodological foundations for assessing the socio- economic asymmetry of the regions of Russia, the article discusses and notes the dominant advantages of using the following methods: the method of expert assessments, the method of reformatting the territorial and administrative structure of the region to reduce asymmetry, assessing the impact of the industrial cluster on the socio-economic development of the region, SWOT analysis. As an example, calculations of socio-economic asymmetry were made based on statistical data for 2019 and 2020 in the Central and North Caucasus Federal Districts for the fundamental indicator of socio-economic development — the gross regional product. Using the results of the calculations, the relevance of the problem of interregional differentiation of socioeconomic development in Russia for the present period is assessed and some ways of solving such a problem are proposed, possible at this stage.

Statistical analysis of the differentiation of regions of the Russian Federation by tax revenues of consolidated budgets using the R language

The subject area of this article is the application of descriptive statistics and multidimensional classification methods to describe the regional features of the formation of tax components of revenues of consolidated budgets of the Russian Federation. The aim of the work is to demonstrate the simplicity and effectiveness of using mathematical and statistical methods and the functionality of the open source language R to solve problems of structural analysis of tax revenues, identify regional specifics, and comparative analysis of regions from the point of view of tax revenues. The apparatus of mathematical statistics implemented in the R language, in particular, opens up wide opportunities for classifying tax subjects, including multidimensional ones, significantly facilitating the procedures of analysis, ranking and planning. The functionality described in the article can be used in the process of forming and adjusting tax policy at different levels. The possibilities of the mathematical statistics apparatus in combination with the instrumental methods of the R language are revealed by the example of the classification analysis of the regions of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the absolute and relative values of tax revenues in the revenues of regional budgets are selected as classification features. The classification by belonging to the federal district and the study of the "natural" stratification by the method of cluster analysis are considered. The apparatus of mathematical statistics and, especially, the tools of the R language are used unreasonably rarely in research of this kind, despite the ease of use and the absence of the need for special training, these circumstances determine the relevance of this article. Aggregation by federal districts made it possible to identify: the Ural Federal District as the leader in terms of the average regional share of tax revenues in the revenue part of the budget and the North Caucasus Federal District, characterized by the lowest average regional contributions of tax payments to regional budgets. The analysis of the natural stratification of the regions of the Russian Federation by their relative tax contributions to consolidated budgets made it possible to identify groups: the most typical regions, subsidized regions, donor regions and regions in which the most expensive assets of enterprises of the Russian Federation are concentrated

СТАТИСТИЧЕСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО МОНИТОРИНГА ЭХИНОКОККОЗА ЧЕЛОВЕКА В СУБЪЕКТАХ СЕВЕРО-КАВКАЗСКОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА

The studies described in the article were conducted from 2018 to 2022 on the territory of 7 subjects of the North Caucasus Federal District of the Russian Federation. When collecting epidemiological data on human cystic echinococcosis, statistical data from the reference center for monitoring larval helminthiasis, operating on the basis of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology" of Rospotrebnadzor, the departments of Rospotrebnadzor by subjects, the Federal State Budgetary Institution in the subjects of the Russian Federation and the results of their own research, were used. Thus, 234 cases of human echinococcosis of various localization were registered in the region. In all cases, the diagnosis was confirmed by laboratory method. No deaths have been reported. Key words: echinococcosis, subjects of the North Caucasus Federal District, monitoring, epidemiology.

Стресс реального сектора российских регионов в условиях пандемии и санкций

Recently, the Russian economy has been affected by sanctions and pandemic shocks. Russian regions reacted differently depending on their spatial location and sectoral structure of economies. Using monthly data for 2016-2023, the article assesses the dynamics of stress of regions’ industrial production volume, retail turnover and volume of paid services to the population. A stress index is calculated as a moving difference between the standard deviation and the average growth rate of the indicator compared to the corresponding period of the previous year. An integrated stress index is a simple sum of individual stress indices normalised using the Z-score method within the panel data framework. As a result, time series of individual and integrated stress indices at the national, federal district and regional levels were obtained. The average stress levels of different Russian regions were compared for the entire period and three sub-periods: pre-pandemic, pandemic (from March, 2020 to February, 2022) and post-pandemic/new sanctions. The data revealed a greater and relatively uniform sensitivity of the service sector of Russian regions to the pandemic; various reactions of regional industries to sanctions, causing the diversification effect across the country; greater trade response to pandemic shocks and industry response to new sanctions. On average, the constituent entities of the North Caucasus Federal District turned out to be the most vulnerable to shocks, while the regions of the Siberian Federal District showed the greatest stability. The study demonstrated that sectoral structure and regional income level are significant factors determining the resilience of the regional real economy to pandemic shocks, while spatial location is also important in response to sanctions.

Return on Investment in Human Capital in Russia: Regional Aspect

The purpose of the article is to assess the return on investment in human capital in Russia in a regional context. To achieve this goal, based on the data of the Russian monitoring of the economic situation and health of the population of the National Research University Higher School of Economics, 2 specifications of the Mincer equation were assessed. The sample consists of individual questionnaire data for 9–30 waves (2000–2021). The general population is divided into eight sub-samples, each of which characterizes a federal district (FD). Several important results were obtained: the lowest return in the North Caucasus Federal District (NCFD), this result is explained by the lack of jobs for highly skilled workers and the high level of corruption in the regions of the NCFD; rich FDs have a lower return on investment in HC than poor ones; the difference between the categories of respondents with incomplete secondary education and respondents with completed secondary education is insignificant; the highest return on higher education is in the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD), as respondents with higher education from the FEFD receive 62.6 percent more than respondents with less than secondary education.

Влияние санкционных ограничений на структуру и динамику экономики Северного Кавказа

Growing geopolitical tensions and sanctions imposed against our country have determined the need for structural changes in the domestic economy. In this regard, the task of ensuring sustainable development of regional economic systems begins to play a special role. The article analyzes the impact of sanctions restrictions on the structure and dynamics of the economy of the North Caucasus Federal District (NCFD) in order to assess the potential and prospects for the development of the region’s economy in the current conditions, as well as to identify possible directions for adjusting regional strategic planning documents. The work focuses on the analysis of the gross regional product (GRP), whose sectoral composition and dynamics characterize the structure and dynamics of the regional economy, as well as the level of regional investment in fixed capital, as an indicator that determines the potential for financing projects for the development of the regional economic system. The study identified the most significant industries for the economy of the North Caucasus Federal District, assessed their current state and made a forecast of their development under sanctions. It is concluded that the current economic dynamics of the North Caucasus Federal District are insufficient to bring the region to the level of sustainable economic development. A study of the region’s financial condition was conducted and its potential for financing economic development projects was assessed. It is shown that the region is subsidized, while the level of debt in the region for both business and the population is constantly growing. Key ways to solve the existing problems of insufficient funding have been outlined. In particular, it was proposed to create a special regional development fund that would finance the most promising projects in priority sectors of the economy, as well as expand the existing practice of public-private partnerships. The forecast for the volume of investments in fixed assets showed their expected growth in the near future (if current trends continue).

ФАКТОРЫ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННОЙ ПРИВЛЕКАТЕЛЬНОСТИ КЛАСТЕРНОЙ СТРАТЕГИИ РЕГИОНА (НА ПРИМЕРЕ СЕВЕРО-КАВКАЗСКОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА)

The high functional role of investments in the process of regional development is confirmed not only by theoretical research, but also by the practice of functioning of specific regions, examples of which can be used to trace stable relationships between the successful development processes of individual industries and increasing the investment attractiveness of the region itself. Regions need to pay special attention to the formation of an innovative environment suitable for effective work, since in many ways the implementation of a cluster strategy will influence the investment attractiveness of the entire region. In this context, the author examined the main factors of investment attractiveness using the example of the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District, as territories that require the implementation of a cluster strategy and increased innovation activity. Procedures for introducing a cluster strategy into the regions of the North Caucasian Federal District cannot be effectively implemented without a proper assessment of the factors of investment attractiveness of the region.

ЗАНЯТОСТЬ И БЕЗРАБОТИЦА В СЕЛЬСКОМ ХОЗЯЙСТВЕ СЕВЕРО-КАВКАЗСКОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА

Solving the problem of unemployment is a priority for the regions of the North Caucasus, where there is a significant shortage of jobs, which leads to labor migration of the population to other constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Finding solutions to increase the number of jobs is an important task that helps reduce unemployment in the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District. The work notes that the leading industry in the North Caucasus in terms of the number of jobs is agriculture, and currently there are significant reserves for growth in both the agricultural sector and processing industries, which are underdeveloped in the region. Agricultural products are mainly sold in unprocessed form, which leads to constant underutilization of existing processing capacities. One of the most obvious ways to develop the agro-industrial complex of the North Caucasus Federal District is to create favorable conditions for attracting large agricultural holdings to the region. Based on the results of the study, conclusions were drawn about the need to develop the processing of our own agricultural raw materials - primarily fruits, berries, meat, and milk. This is especially true in the context of economic sanctions directed against the Russian economy, as a result of which there is a risk of limiting the international supply of a number of food products, accordingly, the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District are able to replace most of them. These measures will not only strengthen the country’s food security, but will also lead to the creation of new jobs in the region, which will have a positive impact on the social situation in the North Caucasus.

HEALTH AND DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS IN POPULATION OVER WORKING AGE

Highlights An analysis of the medical and demographic situation in the Russian Federation during the covid years (2020–2021) showed that the mortality rate in the studied population increased by 39.1%, the primary morbidity rate – by 26.3%, the incidence of COVID-19 increased by 135.6% and amounted to 10,304.1. The results of the study should be taken into account in the development of management decisions on the health of the elderly population at the federal, regional and municipal levels, as well as for planning dispensary work and preventive care for this population. Aim. To conduct an analysis of medical and demographic indicators and mortality rate in the population older than working age to develop management solutions regarding the health of older adults in the context of pension reforms.Methods. The study analyzed statistical data from the Federal State Statistics Service and the Central Scientific Research Institute of Public Health of the Russian Ministry of Health for period from 2012 to 2021.Results. The mortality rate in the population older than working age in the Russian Federation in 2021 amounted to 5 102.3‰oo. In the federal districts, the fluctuations in indicators were 1.3-fold: from 4 091.6‰oo in the North Caucasian Federal District to 5 374.6 in the Siberian Federal District. In the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the difference between indicators was significant (2.9-fold): from 2 066.6‰oo in the Republic of Ingushetia to 5 974.6 in the Novgorod region. In 2021, the primary morbidity rate in the population older than working age in the Russian Federation was 66 183.5, in the Federal District the difference between indicators was 1.25-fold, the highest values ​​were noted in the Siberian Federal District – 73 257.0‰oo, the lowest in the Central Federal District – 58 462.2. In other constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the difference was significant as well (2.3-fold): the Oryol region showed 91 162.7‰oo, in the Kursk region - 39 282.9. In 2021, the following diseases had high morbidity rate in the Russian Federation: respiratory diseases – 21 391.3‰oo (32.3%), COVID-19 – 10 304.1 (15.6%), injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes – 6 528.1‰oo (9.9%), and diseases of the circulatory system amounted to 6 191.7‰oo (9.4%). Regarding this class of diseases, the highest morbidity rates were associated with high blood pressure – 29.9%, cerebrovascular diseases – 28.4%, and hypertension– 25.4%. In federal subjects of the Russian Federation, the difference in the incidence of COVID-19 in the studied population was almost 6-fold in 2021: from 3463.4‰oo in the Chechen Republic to 20 481.6‰oo in the Altai Republic, indicating the ambiguity of COVID-19. During the year of the analysis (2020–2021), the mortality rates in the studied population increased from 4 408.1 to 5 102.9‰oo (by 39.1%), the primary incidence increased from 57 041.4 to 60 183.5‰oo (by 26. 3%), the incidence of COVID-19 increased from 4 373.9 to 10 304.1 COVID-19 (by 135.6%).Conclusion. The results of the study should be taken into account at the federal, regional and municipal levels during planning dispensary and preventive work for the health protection of the older generation.

Тенденции развития туризма в Северо-Кавказском федеральном округе

The article discusses the development of one of the priority industries of the North Caucasus Federal District – the tourism industry. The aim of this study is to identify the interrelationships of indicators and trends in the de-velopment of tourism in the North Caucasian Federal District by using the methods of correlation and regres-sion analysis of statistical data and content analysis of Internet media. To assess the effectiveness of the tour-ism industry in the NCFD, the following indicators were selected: the number of persons accommodated in collective accommodation facilities, the number of visits to museums, the number of collective accommodation facilities, the turnover of public catering. These indicators were used in the construction of a model for forecast-ing changes in tourist flow in the North Caucasus Federal District. The analysis showed that it is necessary to clarify the statistical profile of modern tourism in the North Caucasus Federal District in order to make relevant management decisions. This can also be facilitated by taking into account the results of content analysis of Internet media with the designation of positive and negative aspects of the tourism industry in the macro-region.

THE MARKET FOR THE PRODUCTION OF WHITE CABBAGE AS AN ELEMENT OF FOOD SECURITY

The article presents and analyzes the indicators of white cabbage production in Russia (by districts, subjects of the federation and categories of farms). The purpose of this study is to analyze the state of white cabbage production in the Russian Federation and in the world in terms of food security. Materials and methods. The information base of the research is information and scientific material, statistical data of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), official periodicals of modern analytical centers. The study used general scientific methods of systematization, comparison and analysis of data. Study results. To increase the level of food security in Russia, it is necessary to ensure sustainable development of domestic production, physical and economic accessibility of high-quality food for the population. According to the new Food Security Doctrine, the strategic goal is to increase the export potential. The study revealed that about 70,150,406 tons of cabbage are produced. China is the largest cabbage producer in the world. In the Russian Federation, 14.3% of all cultivated areas of open ground crops are occupied for cabbage. The area under crop for cabbage in farms of all categories has decreased over the past six years. Many farmers and agricultural organizations refuse to grow cabbage due to its low profitability. The main cabbage production in 2022 is concentrated in the North Caucasus Federal District. In 2022, the volume of gross cabbage harvest amounted to 23,200.2 thousand tons. The current situation in the country makes it possible to implement import substitution of varieties and hybrids of white cabbage. Currently, the main task is to abandon the import of seeds of foreign breeding, and therefore it is important to focus on creating new hybrids that will be of high quality, good yield and shelf life, as well as resistance to diseases and pests. Conclusions. Today, the Russian Federation is under severe sanctions from the United States and European countries, so the issue of food security is acute. An important role in solving the problem of forming sufficient amounts of food resources belongs to the agro-industrial complex, which plays an important role in the country's economy. An important role belongs to the vegetable growing industry, which provides the population with a variety of vegetable products all year round. The country remains dependent on imported seeds, and for accelerated import substitution it is advisable to develop such forms of support as direct financing of seed production costs, provision of benefits, loans and guarantees. It is also necessary to develop a targeted state program for the transition of the industry to domestic seed material. According to analysts, Russia will be able to fully provide itself with seeds by 2025–2030.

Гражданская культура и социальная активность студенчества СКФО: по материалам социологического исследования

The article deals with the issues of the formation of civic culture among university students of the North Cauca-sus Federal District. The analysis of civic culture in the student environment of the NCFD is based on empirical data obtained in the course of a sociological study conducted by the authors. The work highlights the main problems and factors affecting the formation of civic culture among students of NCFD universities. It is estab-lished that the process of formation of civil competencies of the university youth of the NCFD is nonlinear, re-flecting the fragmentarity of the public consciousness of the student youth. The empirical data presented in the article indicate that the civic attitudes of the youth of the North Caucasus Federal District are rather vague. In the future, the process of forming civil and political attitudes is equally likely to go in different directions.

Северный Кавказ: взгляд социолога на региональные процессы (к 90-летию А. В. Дмитриева)

Introduction. For a long time, the North Caucasus has been the object of research by various scientific schools, whose representatives are scientists whose scientific heritage is relevant for the current stage of development of the North Caucasian community. The purpose of the study is to describe the role and significance of the ideas expressed by the outstanding sociologist A. V. Dmitriev about the essence of ethno political processes in the modern world and in particular in the North Caucasus. Materials and methods. In our work, we relied on the most significant works by A. V. Dmitriev on the causes of ethno political instability in the North Caucasus and ways to ensure the dynamic development of the region. The empirical base is represented by statistical data and official documents. Comparative statistical analysis and content analysis of official documents were used. Results. The analytical material obtained made it possible to substantiate the relevance of the estimates and forecasts made by A. V. Dmitriev almost 20 years ago. In particular, the reasons justified by scientists for the inefficiency of financial and economic policy in some subjects of the Federation, forming the North Caucasus Federal District, have been confirmed in the current regional situation. Some prognostic estimates of A. V. Dmitriev have been implemented.

Civilizational identity of contemporary Russia: In search for research tools

The failed catch-up development of Russia, which implied joining the ranks of developed, modernized countries, again raised the question of how much civilizational type determines either Western or one’s own path of development, and for Russia the latter means the values of collectivism and strong power. Under the confrontation between these two paths, the issues of identity (as a field of political aspirations of the elites and masses) become especially important and relevant for most post-Soviet countries which show a complex interaction of group interests and identities due to the spread of individualistic, market, predominantly rational (mostly materially interpreted) meanings of life. For Russia, this interaction has become a challenge - to continue development according to the Western model or to find one’s own path, which means a return to traditional values and collectivist ideology and a rejection of liberal ideology. The article considers the features of the Russian civilizational identity and the possibilities of studying them based on the empirical data. The author emphasizes the civilizational heterogeneity of the Russian society as deeply differentiated by most economic, social and cultural criteria, which divides society into groups with specific lifestyles and value systems. Russian civilization is a heterogeneous, not fully formed and still developing multi-subject entity united by the state preserving cultural, national, religious and linguistic diversity. The article is based on the results of the representative all-Russian sociological survey conducted in 2023 and regional surveys in frontier regions - in the Northwestern, Southern and North Caucasus Federal Districts. This data helps to identify the civilizational vector of the country’s development, proving the complementarity of the ideas of the elites and the rest of society, age and settlement cohorts, residents of central and frontier, mononational and multiethnic regions.