North Caribbean Research Articles

Metal distribution and metallothionein in loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and green (Chelonia mydas) sea turtles

The first aim of our study was to determine the concentrations of selected trace elements (Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Cd and Pb) in tissues of green turtles from Tortuguero National Park on the North Caribbean coast of Costa Rica and of loggerheads from the Mediterranean Sea. Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn and Cd were present at detectable concentrations in all samples and showed clear organotropism, whereas Pb was not always over the detection limit and did not show any particular tissue distribution. The two species presented significant differences: Cu and Cd in liver and kidney of Chelonia mydas were significantly higher with respect to the concentrations found in Caretta caretta.The second and major goal of our study was to evaluate hepatic and renal metallothionein (MT) as a biomarker of environmental metal exposure. The present paper is the first to describe and quantify MT in kidney and liver of loggerhead turtles and in kidney of green turtles. MT concentrations were higher in green than in loggerhead turtles. In addition, positive correlations were found between Cu and Cd concentrations and Cu–MT and Cd–MT in liver and kidney in both species, suggesting a pivotal role of MT in metal storage and detoxification. The quantification of metals and MT in liver and kidney may be a valid biomarker of metal exposure in the aquatic environment to assess the health of marine sea turtles as long as accurate analytical methods are adopted.

Respite: Cultural Values in North American and Caribbean Caregiving

Providing home health care to family members presents many physical and psychological stressors. Health care professionals frequently counsel family caregivers to seek respite by temporarily delegating caregiving responsibilities to others. However, when viewed from the perspective of rhetoric, definitions of respite as private time away from the care recipient are culturally bound ideographs and may not be appropriate outside North America. This qualitative study explored North American–trained social workers practising on the Caribbean island of St. Kitts as they promoted a concept of respite care defined by North American norms. Family caregivers interviewed rejected this model of respite care, situating their caregiving within the context of established family relationships.

Water use in four model tropical plant associations established in the lowlands of Costa Rica

We examined soil water use patterns of four model plant associations established in the North Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica by comparing the stable hydrogen isotope composition, deltaD, in xylem sap and in soil water at different depths, under rainy and dry conditions. Four 5-year-old model plant associations composed of 2 tree species (Hyeronima alchorneoides and Cedrela odorata) having different architecture and phenology were studied. Average tree height was 8.9 and 7.6 m, respectively. Each tree species was grown in monoculture and in polyculture with 2 perennial monocotyledons (Euterpe oleracea and Heliconia imbricata). Maximum rooting depth at the time of 6D determination was approximately 2 m for almost all species. Most roots of all species were concentrated in the upper soil layers. Stomatal conductance to water vapor (gS) was higher in the deciduous C. odorata than in the evergreen H. alchorneoides; within each species, g, did not differ when the trees were grown in mono or in polyculture. During the rainy season, gradients in soil water 6D were not observed. Average rainy season xylem sap deltaD did not differ among members of the plant combinations tested (-30% per thousand), and was more similar to deltaD values of shallow soil water. Under dry conditions, volumetric soil water content declined from 50 to approximately 35%, and modest gradients in soil water deltaD were observed. Xylem sap deltaD obtained during dry conditions was significantly lower than rainy season values. Xylem sap deltaD of plants growing in the four associations varied between -9 and -22% per hundred, indicating that shallow water was predominantly absorbed during the dry period too. Differences in xylem sap deltaD of trees and monocots were also detected, but no significant patterns emerged. The results suggest that: (a) the plant associations examined extracted water predominantly from shallow soil layers (<1 m), (b) the natural isotopic variation in soil and plant water at the study site was low, and (c) the plant mixes obtain water from more than a single soil layer simultaneously. Temporal factors were important in determining the competition and complementary relations observed among the trees and the perennial monocots. Under the prevailing environmental conditions, water use in these plant associations was determined largely by species-specific attributes such as biomass allocation to fine roots, phenology, and canopy architecture, and to a lesser extent by water limitations.

Toward the development of prediction models for the primary Caribbean dry season

Two statistical models are created for the Caribbean during its dry season. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) confirms that there is a robust El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signal in the region during the dry season and that the mode manifests itself as oppositely signed precipitation anomalies over the north and south Caribbean. The south-eastern Caribbean becomes dry in response to a warm event. The first statistical model consequently uses a rainfall index averaged over the south-eastern Caribbean as the predictand. A model which retains an ENSO proxy as one of two predictors shows reasonable skill with hindcast predictions for the region. A second model is created using a Jamaican rainfall index as predictand. Jamaica falls in the transition zone i.e. between the oppositely signed north-south precipitation anomalies characteristic of the ENSO dry season mode. In this case no ENSO related predictor is retained in the final model. Composite analysis of select atmospheric variables for anomalously high and low rainfall years (for the dry season) give an understanding of the dynamics of the Caribbean dry season during phases of the ENSO, particularly those which lead to the creation of the transition zone.

Life in the North Caribbean

Life in the North Caribbean

Life in the North Caribbean

Research Article| June 01 2007 Life in the North Caribbean Edouard Duval Carrié Edouard Duval Carrié Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Small Axe (2007) 11 (2): 34–45. https://doi.org/10.1215/-11-2-34 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Edouard Duval Carrié; Life in the North Caribbean. Small Axe 1 June 2007; 11 (2): 34–45. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/-11-2-34 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsSmall Axe Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Small Axe Incorporated2007 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Late Cretaceous shortening and early Tertiary shearing in the central Sierra Madre del Sur, southern Mexico: Insights into the evolution of the Caribbean–North American plate interaction

A wide region in the central part of the Sierra Madre del Sur (SMS), southern Mexico, records two deformational phases between the Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary. The first is a progressive approximately E‐W shortening phase that spans from the Coniacian to earliest Paleocene and involves deformation of Cretaceous marine sedimentary units. The second phase corresponds to Paleocene to early Eocene deformation that also affects continental sediments and is characterized by gentle folding and counterclockwise rotation of previous shortening structures associated with strike‐slip faulting. Here we present geologic, geochronologic, and structural data of two key areas of the Sierra Madre del Sur, the Guerrero‐Morelos Platform (GMP), and the Huajuapan‐Tamazulapan area in western Oaxaca to describe the geometry, kinematics, and timing of the Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary deformation. Two regional magmatic episodes constrain the deformational history: (1) the first between the Maastrichtian and the Paleocene (68–57 Ma) documents the end of Late Cretaceous shortening in the GMP; and (2) the second between the late Eocene and early Oligocene (37–29 Ma) has a more regional distribution. The time and space analysis of deformation and magmatism in southern Mexico led us to exclude flat subduction or collision of the Guerrero terrane to the west as the cause for Late Cretaceous shortening in the GMP. Considering the similarity in the time and style of deformation with that of the northern Chortis block, we favor an interpretation in which the tectonic evolution of the central and eastern SMS is the result of progressive interaction of the Caribbean plate with the southernmost edge of North America since the Late Cretaceous.

Iron Arguments: Spectacle, rhetoric and the slave body in New England and British antislavery oratory

Material proofs or Imaginary Property? Complex intellectual, historical and cultural relationships have always existed between the experimentation with rhetoric and the spectacle of the slave body in abolitionist literature. This article debates the challenges the eighteenth and nineteenth century writers offered to the widespread representation of the slave body within mainstream North American, British and Caribbean abolitionist discourse. The commitment of writers such as Robert Wedderburn, Phillis Wheatley, David Walker and Jupiter Hammon to experimental language and subject-matter testifies to the existence of a radical literary tradition much earlier than the popularly examined mid-nineteenth century authors, including Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs. These earlier figures were intent, not only upon extending the permissible boundaries of abolitionist representation, but also in staking a claim for the politically liberating potential of the literary imagination in a fight for the right to aesthetic experimentation.

Hydrography of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in the North Atlantic

The distribution and optical absorption characteristics of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) were systematically investigated along three meridional transects in the North Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea conducted as part of the 2003 US CLIVAR/CO 2 Repeat Hydrography survey. Hydrographic transects covered in aggregate a latitudinal range of 5° to 62° north along longitudes 20°W (line A16N, Leg 1), 52°W (A20), and 66°W (A22). Absorption spectra of filtered seawater samples were collected and analyzed for depths ranging from the surface to ∼6000 m, sampling all the ocean water masses in the western basin of the subtropical North Atlantic and several stations on the North and South American continental slopes. The lowest surface abundances of CDOM (< 0.1 m −1 absorption coefficient at 325 nm) were found in the central subtropical gyres while the highest surface abundances (∼0.7 m −1) were found along the continental shelves and within the subpolar gyre, confirming recent satellite-based assessments of surface CDOM distribution. Within the ocean interior, CDOM abundances were relatively high (0.1–0.2 m −1 absorption coefficient at 325 nm) except in the subtropical mode water, where a local minimum exists due to the subduction of low CDOM surface waters during mode water formation. In the subthermocline water masses of the western basin, changes in CDOM abundance are not correlated with increasing ventilation age as assessed using chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) concentrations and the atmospheric CFC history. But dissolved organic carbon (DOC) mass-specific absorption coefficients of CDOM increase with increasing ventilation age in the deep sea, indicating that CDOM is a refractory component of the DOC pool. The overall CDOM distribution in the North Atlantic reflects the rapid advection and mixing processes of the basin and demonstrates that remineralization in the ocean interior is not a significant sink for CDOM. This supports the potential of CDOM as a tracer of ocean circulation processes for subducted water masses.

What Historians Talk About When They Talk About Suicide: The View from Early Modern British North America

AbstractThis article surveys the historiography of suicide in the early modern West, with particular reference to England, Europe, and the British North American and Caribbean colonies. It examines the religious, legal and secular punishments for suicide in the early modern era, addresses the variations in these punishments among different regions and populations, including among the enslaved in early America, and traces the changes in punishments for self‐murder over the course of the eighteenth century. Suicide was viewed less and less as an act that required punishment from the church, state and the community. The emerging modern sensibility toward self‐murder, in contrast, emphasised the elimination of legal and religious penalties and the extension of sympathy and mercy toward suicides and their families.

Geology and geochemistry characteristics of the Chiapanecan Volcanic Arc (Central Area), Chiapas Mexico

The Chiapanecan Volcanic Arc (CVA), located in the central portion of the State of Chiapas, is a 150 km stretch of volcanoes irregularly aligned in the northwest direction between two great volcanic features: the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt to the northwest and the Central American Volcanic Arc to the southeast. The CVA is located in a complex zone marking the interaction of the North American, Caribbean and Cocos plates, near the Motagua–Polochic fault system, the boundary between North American and Caribbean plates. The central part of the CVA is composed of an irregular northwest alignment of at least 10 volcanic structures generally lying along NNW–SSE-trending faults splayed from the Motagua–Polochic system. Among the structures there are seven volcanic domes (Huitepec, Amahuitz, La Iglesia, Mispía, La Lanza, Venustiano Carranza and Santotón), one explosion crater (Navenchauc), one collapse structure (Apas), and one dome complex (Tzontehuitz). In the majority of the structures there is a clear resurgence with the formation of several domes in the same structure, with the destruction of previous domes (Navenchauc) or with the formation of new explosion craters or collapse structures (Apas). The volcanic activity in the CVA was mainly effusive accompanied by explosive and phreatomagmatic events and is characterized by volcanic domes accompanied by block-and-ash-flows, ash flows with accretionary lapilli, falls, and pumice flows. The volcanic structures and deposits are calcalkaline in composition with a medium to high content of potassium. CVA volcanic rocks vary from andesite to dacite with SiO 2 between 57 and 66 wt.%, show low concentrations of Ti, P, Nb and Ta, are enriched in Light Rare Earths, depleted in Heavy Rare Earths, and show a small Eu anomaly; all indicative of arc-related volcanism associated with subduction of the Cocos plate under the North American plate, but complicated by the geometry of the plate boundary fault system.

2D unstructured mesh generation for oceanic and coastal tidal models from a localized truncation error analysis with complex derivatives

A method for computing target element size for tidal, shallow water flow is developed and demonstrated. The method, Localized truncation error analysis with complex derivatives (LTEA-CD) utilizes localized truncation error estimates of the linearized shallow water momentum equations consisting of complex derivative terms. This application of complex derivatives is the chief way in which the method differs from a similar existing method, LTEA. It is shown that LTEA-CD produces results that are essentially equivalent to those of LTEA (which in turn has been demonstrated to be capable of producing practicable target element sizes) with reduced computational cost. Moreover, LTEA-CD is capable of computing truncation error and corresponding target element sizes at locations up to and including the boundary, whereas LTEA can be applied only on the interior of the model domain. We demonstrate the convergence of solutions over meshes generated with LTEA-CD using an idealized representation of the western North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico.

Dental caries trends in 5- to 6-year-old and 11- to 13-year-old children in three UNICEF designated regions - Sub Saharan Africa, Middle East and North Africa, Latin America and Caribbean: 1970–2004

The aim of the study was to investigate trends in dental caries prevalence and severity in three developing regions of the world over 35 years. A systematic review of published information. Online databases were used to find 130 caries epidemiological studies that used WHO caries diagnostic criteria, published between 1970 and 2004 among 5- to 6-year-old and 11- to 13-year-old children. Mean caries rates were calculated in seven 5-year periods followed by plotting, and analysis of co-variance (region, period). Trends in mean prevalence and mean dmft among 5- to 6-year-olds were confusing but among 11- to 13-year-olds were clearer. Both mean prevalence and mean DMFT were lowest in Sub-Saharan Africa and highest in Latin America and the Caribbean. Rates decreased with time in Latin America and the Caribbean and remained more or less static in the other two regions. Analysis of covariance showed a significant effect of region (P<0.01) for mean prevalence at 5- to 6-years. For mean prevalence at 11-to 13-years, as well as mean dmft and DMFT in both age groupings there were significant effects of region (P=0.01 to <0.0001) and period (P<0.05 to <0.0001). The common perception that dental caries rates are increasing in developing countries was not supported in this systematic review.

Integrity of fluvial fish communities is subject to environmental gradients in mountain streams, Sierra de Aroa, north Caribbean coast, Venezuela

We examined physical habitat and fish assemblages in rivers of the Aroa Mountains (Venezuela) with different levels of environmental protection due to the creation of Yurubí National Park within the drainage. We developed an Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) and evaluated it using principal components analysis (PCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Tributary rivers were divided into classes according to their origin (protected by the park) and physical characteristics of each, including substrate. Fishes were captured using standardized electrofishing. Fish communities showed greater species richness in heterogeneous habitat and protected rivers but overall abundance was higher in unprotected and impacted rivers. The IBI was sensitive to these differences and the scores were higher in protected rivers. The IBI detected degree of disturbance of fish communities without direct consideration of habitat parameters measured. The PCA revealed a gradient in substrate heterogeneity. Similarly, CCA revealed differences in fish assemblage composition along the environmental gradient and that varied with protection status of the river. The relationship between PCA and IBI scores was highly significant (r² = 0.61, P &lt; 0.0001). The PCA and CCA analysis moderately validated the structure and predictability of IBI; but it is still necessary to refine the model and to extend its application for more time and over a wider area.

Association studies between the plasmin genes and late-onset Alzheimer's disease

The plasmin system is involved in the degradation of Aβ peptides, the accumulation of which in brain is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In a North European case-control AD dataset we studied 14 common variations in the PLG, PAI-1, PLAT and PLI genes encoding components of the plasmin system. Among the four polymorphisms in the PLAT, PAI-1 and PLI genes showing nominally significant evidence for an association with AD (allele p-value = 0.01–0.00003) the strongest association was detected for the deletion allele in the Alu-repeat region of the PLAT gene. However, none of these positive results were confirmed in follow-up studies using an independent Canadian case-control cohort and two familial AD datasets of North European and Caribbean Hispanic origin. Thus, the current survey does not support the notion that common polymorphisms in the plasmin genes influence the development of AD.

Availability of Theriogenology Training at North American and Caribbean Veterinary Colleges

A survey of the veterinary colleges in North America and the Caribbean was undertaken to determine the extent of availability of theriogenology training. Didactic training in at least one species was required at all schools that responded to the survey. Laboratory experience in at least one species was required by 75.0% and clinical theriogenology experience in at least one species by 72.7%. The mean number of board-certified or board-eligible theriogenology faculty did not vary between 1995 and 2005, but there was a decrease in the number of such faculty at 57.2% of the schools that responded to the survey.

World Music: The Basics (review)

World Music: The Basics. By Richard Nidel. (The Basics Series.) New York: Routledge, 2005. [xvi, 404 p. ISBN 0415-96800-3. $75.00 (hbk.); 0-41596801-1. $16.95 (pbk.).] Bibliography, discographies, index, glossary. Richard Nidel's book, part of Routledge's The Basics series, offers whirlwind tour of world's popular music, with selected descriptions of folk and classical traditions. After brief threepage introduction, work is divided into major categories for Africa, Europe, Middle East, Asia, North and Central America and Caribbean, South America, and Australia and South Pacific. These large categories are in turn divided into subcategories, which are further divided by country in alphabetical order. The most extensive coverage is of Africa (78 pages) and Europe (99 pages), and least coverage is of Middle-East (19 pages) and Australia and South Pacific (9 pages). Paragraph-length profiles of selected artists, some of which might be rarely discussed elsewhere, are inserted throughout work. The book's strength is in its compactness, its broad coverage, and its attention to current popular performers often overlooked in world textbooks and reference works. It has number of limitations, however, and falls short of being, in words from its own description, a complete introduction to world (cover). The book is not written with academic rigor. The author is lawyer who also books musical acts in his New York club and writes about and wine. He makes no mention of field of ethnomusicology, in which serious study of world's traditional and popular musical styles has been undertaken for fifty years. Writing in an informal style without footnotes, he often includes impressionistic and subjective statements about history and of countries and regions. Because we have few means to judge sources or reliability of information, authority of author, or balance of coverage, many readers will ultimately feel uneasy with work. It straddles fence between being reference work and favorite musicians and compact discs document. It does include much general historical and contextual information, but because it straddles fence it defaults in my mind largely to latter. Reminiscent of casual accounts one finds in magazine articles and on informal websites, book will generally not be good source for research papers on world topics. The author would probably acknowledge less rigorous qualities of his book, and would likely point out work is not intended for university students or scholars. He emphasizes in his introduction that his definitions match those of the (p. 3, presumably trade of marketing, booking, and recording commercial music), and he implies that his focus is on industry when he explains he is highlighting countries, artists, and genres that have made most significant contributions to world music (p. 2, by which he means commercial and popular side of world music). In making these statements, he leads us to believe he is not exploring terminology and models found in academic studies of world music. The non-academic nature of book might not be so noteworthy if Routledge did not state on its website that all books in The Basics series provide perfect starting point for undergraduate students to develop full and rounded knowledge of their chosen subject. In truth, Nidel's book will only marginally be useful in college classes in ethnomusicology. Although Nidel does often point out some of longstanding cultural traditions of region, his book focuses on commerciallysuccessful artists, and for that reason its value to college students is limited. The book would be best categorized as trade paperback targeting general audience, especially popular enthusiasts. Nidel wanted, it would appear, to write compact book that was highly readable, fun to browse, and filled with brief and generalized information about world's popular for non-academic readers, and he largely succeeded in that goal. …

Ocean general circulation model sensitivity experiments on the annual cycle of Western Hemisphere Warm Pool

A series of ocean general circulation (OGCM) model experiments is carried out using a hybrid coordinate ocean model (HYCOM) to determine the annual cycle of Western Hemisphere Warm Pool (WHWP) heat budget and to assess the appropriateness of commonly used surface flux data sets in driving HYCOM simulations of the WHWP. Among the eight surface heat flux data sets addressed in this study, we find that the simulated SST is closest to the observations when the Southampton constrained (SHC) heat flux data are used, consistent with the conclusion of the data‐based study of Enfield and Lee (2005). However, the modeled thermocline water is warmer and its stratification is weaker than observed regardless of the surface heat flux data used, possibly because of the low vertical resolution of the model used in this study. A preliminary heat budget analysis suggests that the surface net heat flux serves as the dominant forcing mechanism in the WHWP regions except in the equatorial Atlantic, where advective processes associated with the equatorial cold tongue are more important. A process of winter overturning that warms the upper layer by convection marks the Gulf of Mexico, while horizontal advection is of little importance there. The eastern north Pacific and Caribbean are affected significantly by vertical and horizontal advection during the onset and peak phases, slowing down the warming considerably.

Creation of the Cocos and Nazca plates by fission of the Farallon plate

Throughout the Early Tertiary the area of the Farallon oceanic plate was episodically diminished by detachment of large and small northern regions, which became independently moving plates and microplates. The nature and history of Farallon plate fragmentation has been inferred mainly from structural patterns on the western, Pacific-plate flank of the East Pacific Rise, because the fragmented eastern flank has been subducted. The final episode of plate fragmentation occurred at the beginning of the Miocene, when the Cocos plate was split off, leaving the much reduced Farallon plate to be renamed the Nazca plate, and initiating Cocos–Nazca spreading. Some Oligocene Farallon plate with rifted margins that are a direct record of this plate-splitting event has survived in the eastern tropical Pacific, most extensively off northern Peru and Ecuador. Small remnants of the conjugate northern rifted margin are exposed off Costa Rica, and perhaps south of Panama. Marine geophysical profiles (bathymetric, magnetic and seismic reflection) and multibeam sonar swaths across these rifted oceanic margins, combined with surveys of 30–20 Ma crust on the western rise-flank, indicate that (i) Localized lithospheric rupture to create a new plate boundary was preceded by plate stretching and fracturing in a belt several hundred km wide. Fissural volcanism along some of these fractures built volcanic ridges (e.g., Alvarado and Sarmiento Ridges) that are 1–2 km high and parallel to “absolute” Farallon plate motion; they closely resemble fissural ridges described from the young western flank of the present Pacific–Nazca rise. (ii) For 1–2 m.y. prior to final rupture of the Farallon plate, perhaps coinciding with the period of lithospheric stretching, the entire plate changed direction to a more easterly (“Nazca-like”) course; after the split the northern (Cocos) part reverted to a northeasterly absolute motion. (iii) The plate-splitting fracture that became the site of initial Cocos–Nazca spreading was a linear feature that, at least through the 680 km of ruptured Oligocene lithosphere known to have avoided subduction, did not follow any pre-existing feature on the Farallon plate, e.g., a “fracture zone” trail of a transform fault. (iv) The margins of surviving parts of the plate-splitting fracture have narrow shoulders raised by uplift of unloaded footwalls, and partially buried by fissural volcanism. (v) Cocos–Nazca spreading began at 23 Ma; reports of older Cocos–Nazca crust in the eastern Panama Basin were based on misidentified magnetic anomalies. There is increased evidence that the driving force for the 23 Ma fission of the Farallon plate was the divergence of slab-pull stresses at the Middle America and South America subduction zones. The timing and location of the split may have been influenced by (i) the increasingly divergent northeast slab pull at the Middle America subduction zone, which lengthened and reoriented because of motion between the North America and Caribbean plates; (ii) the slightly earlier detachment of a northern part of the plate that had been entering the California subduction zone, contributing a less divergent plate-driving stress; and (iii) weakening of older parts of the plate by the Galapagos hotspot, which had come to underlie the equatorial region, midway between the risecrest and the two subduction zones, by the Late Oligocene.

Annual Survival and Movement Patterns of Roseate Terns Breeding in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands

Abstract A mark-recapture study was conducted on color-banded Roseate Terns (Sterna dougallii) breeding in southwestern Puerto Rico from 1991 to 1994. The initial estimate of apparent annual survival of adults was 62%. After accounting for the annual rates of color-band loss (11%) and permanent emigration (2-13%), the adjusted annual survival rate estimate for adults ranged from 71-80%. The estimate of pre-breeding survival from fledging to age three was 31% for a cohort of chicks banded in 1991. The adult survival estimate is low compared to other seabird species, but similar to estimates derived from Roseate Terns breeding in the western North Atlantic. Considered together, these survival estimates support the hypothesis that Roseate Terns experience high mortality during the non-breeding season, when the ranges of the North American and Caribbean populations overlap. If so, management of this species only during the breeding season may do little to aid its recovery.