Most American pteridologists are familiar with the rare Curly Grass Fern, Schizaea pusilla Pursh, and are aware that it occurs only in scattered localities in northeastern North America. Thus far it has been found (with luck) in southern New Jersey and Long Island, New York, in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, and on the Bruce Peninsula of Ontario (the latter unconfirmed since the original report, possibly erroneous). Yet recently it has been found on a mountainside in Central Peru! Specimens were collected by Dr. Robin Foster, Research Associate at Field Museum: Peru, Dept. Pasco, Oxapampa, Cordillera Yanachaga, Cerro Pajonal, 12 km SE of Oxapampa, 75020'W, 20?35'S, 2700-2800 m, Foster 9065 (F, GH, MO, US, USM); shrubland on white sandstone, spongy sphagnum humus up to 2 m deep except where burned; plant colonizing sandy, wet landslide on steep slope; fertile frond brown, growing with Drosera and dwarf Xyris. When Foster presented specimens to me for identification, I remarked that this looked like a new record for Peru, S. fistulosa Labill. var. australis (Gaud.) Fosb., and set it aside for further study. Later, during research on Schizaea in Peru, it became clear that the specimens were instead S. pusillu: in the size of the plant, in the number, shape and pubescence of the fertile segments, and as to the character of the spores. The latter were examined by Dr. Alice Tryon on a duplicate collection at GH, who explained (pers. comm.) that spores of this species are quite distinctive in size, shape, and dense pitting of the surface. (For further discussion of the distinctive types of spores in Schizaea, see Selling, 1944, and Tryon & Tryon, 1982, pp. 80-82.) The only way the Foster specimens differ from the North American collections is that sterile leaves are not conspicuously curled but are straight to merely flexuous. It is likely that some will consider this single character sufficient basis for specific or infraspecific distinction; however, blade habit can be somewhat variable, even in the Northern plants in which sterile leaves are occasionally flexuous, rarely straight. Actually S. pusilla is not so closely related to the Old World S. fistulosa and its variety australis from Chile and Argentina, which differ in the lack of pubescence on the sporangiophore and in the erose-lacerate margins of the fertile ultimate segments. It has greater affinity to S. incurvata Schkuhr (Surinam to Venezuela, Peru, northern Brazil), especially in the abundance of long, flexuous trichomes on the subentire fertile segment margins and among the sporangia. Schizaea incurvata, however, is a much larger fern, with onceto twice-forked fertile leaves, 2-4 times as many fertile segments, and unpitted spores. The discovery of S. pusilla in Peru prompts interesting speculation as to the true distribution of the species. Should such a disjunction really be so surprising? May we not hypothesize that it is to be found in numerous other localities, throughout the neotropics, for example? One has only to attempt a search for it, even in reported stations in the United States, to discover how difficult it