Norms Of Mineral Fertilizers Research Articles

The influence of mineral fertilizers on the formation of dry matter and the yield of spring rapeseed in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan

Relevance. The current trend in the development of agricultural production is the cultivation of spring rape, as a highly profitable and export crop. Mineral nutrition is an integral part of increasing the resistance of rapeseed to adverse environmental factors, increasing and stabilizing yields.The purpose of the research is to evaluate the effectiveness of various forms and norms of mineral fertilizers on the yield and morphobiological parameters of spring rape.Methods. Field experiments were laid on the experimental field of the North Kazakhstan Agricultural Academy in 2018–2020. The climate of the zone is arid, the sum of positive temperatures is 2400–2700 °C, the average annual precipitation is 240–330 mm, GTC is 0.8–0.7. The soil is ordinary heavy loamy chernozem with a neutral reaction, humus is 4.5–5.0%.The object of the study is a hybrid of spring rapeseed SALSA CL F1 (00-type, medium early). Records and observations were carried out according to current state standards, as well as the methodology for conducting state variety testing of agricultural crops.Results. As a result of the research, it was found that the use of various types and norms of mineral fertilizers provides an increase in the yield of spring rapeseed of 0.42–0.68 t/ha. The greatest effect was obtained for the P80:N80 nitroammophos variant, with a yield of 1.72 t/ha, exceeding the standard by 64%. These facts are confirmed by the structural analysis of the obtained crop, as well as observations of the dynamics of the increase in dry matter.

Effect of Watering Number and Inorganic Fertilizers on Accumulation of Total Phosphorus in Above Ground Biomass of Avena in Gray-Brown Soils of Azerbaijan

An assessment of the effect of mineral fertilizers on the accumulation of total phosphorus in the above-ground mass of oat plants on irrigated gray-brown soils of Azerbaijan was carried out. The studies were carried out in 2021. As a result of the work, it was found that, depending on the number of irrigations and the norms of mineral fertilizers on irrigated gray-brown soils of the western region, the yield of the aerial part varied. Various fertilization methods and rates tested. High total phosphorus was observed with double vegetative irrigation with N90P90K60 and triple irrigation with N120P120K90.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТІ КВАСОЛІ ЗВИЧАЙНОЇ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД СОРТІВ, ІНОКУЛЯЦІЇ ТА УДОБРЕННЯ

Ріст і розвиток рослин квасолі прямо залежить від умов навколишнього середовища, основними складниками якого є температура повітря та ґрунту, освітленість, вологість, мінеральне живлення. Продуктивність рослин зумовлюється наявністю цих факторів, і чим більше вони відповідають біологічним особливостям культури, тим повніше реалізуються потенційні можливості сортів квасолі. Під час дослідження насіння квасолі звичайної перед сівбою обробляли різними штамами мікроорганізмів. Залежно від цього дещо змінювалися міжфазні періоди росту й розвитку рослин. Тривалість періоду «сівба – повна стиглість» у рослин квасолі сорту Ластівка, інокульованих різними штамами Rhizobium phaseoli, у середньому за період дослідження 2020–2022 рр. відрізнялася на 1–3 доби.

Effect of Inorganic Fertilizers on the Clover Growth in Gray-Brown Soils

The presented article presents materials on the effect of mineral fertilizers on the height of clover on irrigated gray-brown soils of the Ganja-Gazakh region. Due to the biological nitrogen collected by clover in the soil, more than twice the annual rate of nitrogen is saved in one cycle, thereby supplying other agricultural fields with nitrogen. Therefore, given the role of cotton as a strategically important plant, and alfalfa as a strong feed for livestock and restoration of soil fertility, the study of the fertilizer system of both plants in the cotton-alfalfa crop rotation is one of the most urgent tasks. The application of mineral fertilizers to alfalfa plants on irrigated gray-brown (chestnut) soils had a significant impact on alfalfa growth. High altitude means high yield. During the years of research, the highest height was observed in the N60P90K60 variant on average over 3 years. Depending on the norms of mineral fertilizers, the height of alfalfa increased by 6.3-29.5 cm compared to the variant without fertilizers.

INFLUENCE OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON THE HARVEST OF SPRING WHEAT VARIETIES

The article presents the results of studies of various norms of mineral fertilizers, on varieties of spring wheat. Varieties adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the cultivation zone tolerate adverse weather conditions well. The use of mineral fertilizers on such varieties at optimal rates is a promising direction for stabilizing and increasing yields without any special additional costs.

Vertical migration of nutrients and water-soluble organic matter in the soil profile under pre-sowing seed treatment with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria

Studies conducted in a stationary lysimeter experiment in the conditions of the washing water regime have shown that the use of PGPR for pre-sowing seed inoculation of agricultural crops reduces vertical migration of biogenic nutrients and water-soluble organic matter down the soil profile. The effect of seed inoculation with PGPR on the reduction of nutrient losses was not specific to the type of rhizobacteria and was similar for crops grown on different mineral fertilizers backgrounds (spring barley and winter rye seeds were inoculated with the nitrogen-fixing bacteria—Azospirillum brasilense 410 and A. brasilense 18-2, respectively, while maize seeds were inoculated with the phosphate-mobilizing Paenibacillus polymyxa KB). Seed inoculation has decreased nitrogen leaching down the soil profile by 4–9 kg/ha, phosphorus compounds—by 0.5–3.0 kg/ha, potassium—by 0.6–3.0 kg/ha, calcium—by 6–42 kg/ha, magnesium—by 3.0–6.0 kg/ha, water-soluble organic matter—by 0.8–8.0 kg/ha, subject to crop and norms of mineral fertilizers. Maize seeds inoculated with phosphorous-mobilizing P. polymyxa KB under crop cultivation on the cattle manure background did not affect the intensity of nutrient migration. On the other hand, the combination of green manure (narrow-leaved lupine as an intermediate crop) with pre-sowing seed inoculation had significantly reduced nutrient losses beyond the root zone soil layer. It is concluded that the use of PGPR in crop production on mineral and green manure backgrounds contributes to the preservation of soil fertility by limiting biogenic nutrients and water-soluble organic matter leaching with the water drainage down the soil profile. Pre-sowing seed inoculation had no significant effect on the vertical migration of nutrients in the soil on the background of cattle manure, due to the highly competitive environment created with the introduction of microorganisms from organic fertilizer, preventing the establishment of close interactions between PGPR and plants.

ВЫНОС ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ПИТАНИЯ ОВОЩНЫМИ КУЛЬТУРАМИ ПРИ КАПЕЛЬНОМ ОРОШЕНИИ В САРАТОВСКОМ ПРАВОБЕРЕЖЬЕ

To successfully solve the problem of import substitution of vegetable products, it is necessary to significantly increase the yield of vegetable crops in Russia. A large role in increasing yields belongs to the correct fertilizer system, the development of which requires knowledge of the removal of nutrients and the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on it. Taking into account that for vegetable crops grown in the steppe zone of the Saratov Right Bank, data on the removal of nutrients were not determined, the purpose of the research was to experimentally determine the removal of the main vegetable crops – tomatoes, late cabbage and eggplant, and to study the effect on this indicator and yield of drip irrigation regimes and norms of mineral fertilizers on the chernozems of the southern region. Experimental methods were used in the work – field and laboratory experiments to study the yield and removal of nutrients by the studied vegetable crops under different modes of water and mineral nutrition with drip irrigation, and statistical methods – dispersion and correlation analysis. The article presents the results of research on the influence of irrigation regimes and fertilizer rates on the removal of nutrients and the productivity of varieties of valuable vegetable crops during drip irrigation on the chernozem of the southern Saratov Right Bank; The coefficients of the removal of batteries per 1 ton of the main and by-products of tomatoes, late white cabbage and eggplant at different agrophones were determined. The dependences of the removal of nutrition elements of tomato varieties on the irrigation norm and the total dose of fertilizers, the removal of NPK eggplant from the doses of mineral fertilizers are established. It is proved that all the studied crops formed the highest yield at the calculated dose for an increased yield level, while their reaction to the improvement of the water regime was different. The highest yield of late white cabbage of the Amager variety 611 85.59 t /ha of commercial heads and eggplant fruits of the Black Handsome variety 88.69 t / ha was obtained under irrigation regime of 90% NV, and tomatoes – at 80% NV

Organic contents of residues and nutrients in the short-row crop rotation systems in typical agricultural lands of Uzbekistan

The presence of 0.411% nitrogen, 0.152% phosphorus, 0.209% potassium in the root part of winter wheat, also the presence of 0.207% nitrogen, 0.116% phosphorus, 0.137% potassium element in the stubble part, 1.21% nitrogen, 0.32% phosphorus, 0.5% potassium the root part of legumes, 0.39% nitrogen, 0.2% phosphorus, 0.71% potassium the stubble part, 1.25% nitrogen, 0.88% phosphorus, 1.1% potassium the root part of the bean, 0.86% nitrogen, 0.32% phosphorus, 1.1% potassium the stubble part, 1.38% nitrogen, 0.90% phosphorus, 1.0% potassium the root part of the mung bean, 1.22% nitrogen, 0.29 phosphorus, 1.3% potassium in the stubble part and 0.90% nitrogen, 0.33% phosphorus, 0.99% potassium in the root part of mixed siderite (perco + oats + green peas), 0.61% nitrogen, 0.22% phosphorus and 0.68% potassium the stubble part were found in this research. If the total remnant of stubble and root was 2.74 tons/ha when the norm of mineral fertilizers was N180P125K90 kg/ha in winter wheat, in the case of soybean cultivation as a secondary crop, the norm of mineral fertilizers in winter wheat was N180P125K90 kg/ha+15 tons/ha in the soybean with the use of organic-mineral compost was 2.96 tons/ha, which is 0.22 tons/ha higher than in the background with only mineral fertilizers were observed that 31.1–44.9 kg/ha of total nitrogen remained after soybean per 1 ha. It was found that the norms of mineral fertilizers used in the treatment and care of nitragin before sowing the seeds of mung bean and soybeans grown as a secondary crop after winter wheat affected the amount of root and root residues that left the plants in the soil, 0.73-0.93 tons/ha of roots in the soil, 1.30-1.49 tons/ha of sorghum and 0.81-1.04 tons/ha of roots and 1.70% of soybeans grown as secondary crops, 1.92 tons/ha of ore residues were found to remain.

Ефективність внесення добрив за вирощування високоолеїнового соняшнику на чорноземах типових малогумусних

The cultivation of high-oleic sunflower hybrids is promising due to the high competitiveness of sunflower on the international market and the growing demand for oil as the main product of its processing. Despite the importance of sunflower as one of the traditional crops of Ukraine, the technology of its cultivation now has many unsolved problems. Among the elements of cultivation technology aimed at increasing crop yields, research with high-oleic hybrids occupies a prominent place, requires the study of mineral nutrition levels, the need for sulfur, taking into account their impact on the oleic acid content. The purpose of the research is to establish the influence of sulfur on the background of different norms of mineral fertilizers on the formation of productivity of high-oleic sunflower plants on chernozems of typical low-humus right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The research program provided for the establishment of a field experiment in 2015–2017. The research was conducted according to the scheme of two-factor field experiment. The scheme of experiments provides for the study of the following factors: factor A – rates of mineral fertilizers, factor B – sulfur application Methods. During the research, generally accepted methods were used for scientific research in crop production. Based on the research, it was found that the maximum amount of dry matter accumulates in the variants with the introduction of N90Р75К135+S30 and N120Р100К180+S30. The introduction of sulfur increases the yield of dry matter from 5.69 % to 9.27 %. The highest yield of sunflower seeds is formed by applying N90Р75К135+S30 – 4.12 t/ha. Further increase in fertilizer application rates does not lead to a significant increase in yield. Application of S30 on the background of N90Р75К135 allows to increase the yield of sunflower by 0.35 t per ha or 9.28 %. Our correlation-regression analysis of the obtained research results indicates a close correlation between the accumulation of dry matter in ВВСН 55–57 and ВВСН 65–67 and the yield level (respectively r = 0.917 and r = 0.972). The highest fat content in the seeds (49.7 %) with the maximum content of oleic acid (88.5 %) and the maximum yield of oil (2.05 t per ha) provides the cultivation of the hybrid EC Romantic with the introduction of N90Р75К135+S30.

ВПЛИВ АГРОХІМІЧНОГО НАВАНТАЖЕННЯ НА ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕНІСТЬ РОСЛИН ЕЛЕМЕНТАМИ ЖИВЛЕННЯ ТА ВРОЖАЙНІСТЬ КУКУРУДЗИ В ЛІСОСТЕПУ

У статті представлено результати досліджень з питань оптимізації забезпеченості рослин кукурудзи основними елементами живлення за різного агрохімічного навантаження в умовах Лісостепу. Метою досліджень було встановлення впливу різних норм мінеральних добрив та побічної продукції попередника як добрива на забезпеченість рослин азотом, фосфором і калієм та врожайність кукурудзи. Дослідження проводили впродовж 2016-2019 рр. на темно-сірому опідзоленому крупнопилувато-легкосуглинковому ґрунті Лісостепу із застосуванням польового, хімічного, розрахунково-вагового та математико-статистичного методів. Виявлено, що тривале вирощування сільськогосподарських культур впродовж 30 років за різного агрохімічного навантаження у сівозміні на темно-сірому опідзоленому крупнопилувато-легкосуглинковому ґрунті Лісостепу зумовило створення різних агрохімічних фонів. За результатами ґрунтової та рослинної діагностики встановлено, що азот є лімітуючим елементом живлення за вирощування кукурудзи. У варіантах з унесенням підвищених (N180P120K180) та високих (N240P120K240) норм мінеральних добрив на фоні побічної продукції попередника (соломи пшениці озимої), де сформована найвища врожайність кукурудзи – 11,21-12,10 т/га, вміст рухомого фосфору в 0-20 см шарі ґрунту був дуже високим, рухомого калію – високим, азоту, що легко гідролізується – дуже низьким. У цих варіантах рослини кукурудзи за стадіями ВВСН 16, 19 і 65 накопичували оптимальну кількість азоту, а за вмістом фосфору та калію виявлено оптимальну та високу їх забезпеченість впродовж вегетації за внесення мінеральних добрив у нормах понад N60P45K60. За результатами кореляційного та регресійного аналізу підтверджено визначальну роль азоту та калію у формуванні продуктивності кукурудзи. Побудовано математичні моделі, що дають можливість прогнозувати рівень врожайності кукурудзи залежно від вмісту хімічних елементів у ґрунті та рослинах вже на ранніх стадіях розвитку ВВСН.

Вплив позакореневого підживлення рослин пивоварного ячменю на вміст білка в зерні

Goal. To determine the effectiveness of stabilization of grain quality of spring barley as a result of applying foliar feeding of plants with suspensions of micronutrients Vuksal. Methods. 2-factor field experiment was conducted in 2014–2016: factor A — norms of mineral fertilizers: N0P0K0 (control), N30P45K45, N60P90K90; factor B — norms of micronutrients at 3-time application. Assessment of the impact of these factors on brewing quality was carried out. The protein content in barley grain was determined in laboratory conditions using a destructive method and the device Infratek 1241. They also carried out an analysis of variance for the evaluation of factors included in the experiment. Results. The effectiveness was determined of the control over the brewing quality of spring barley grain as to the protein content when applying foliar feeding of plants on different backgrounds of mineral nutrition. It is proved that the performance of technological activities depends on the norms and patterns of use of micronutrient Vuksal in conjunction with the basic norm of mineral fertilizers. Conclusions. The total optimal utilization rate of the suspensions Vuksal when applying foliar feeding of plants on a combined scheme in the technology of cultivation of brewing spring barley, which contributes to increasing of grain yield and quality for the variant with fertilizer N30P45K45 is 4.5 l/ha: 1.5 l/ha during tillering spraying with the micronutrient Vuksal R Max, and 1.5 l/ha in phenophase «shooting» and at the beginning of flowering — Vuksal Grain. The parameters of protein content during the years of study were 10.2–10.6% for 3-times spraying of crops. Similarly, in this technological scheme and according to the phenological stage of the plant development for fertilizer N60P90K90 the total optimal provision of micronutrients is 6.0 l/ha: 2 l/ha — Vuksal R Max, and 2+2 l/ha — Vuksal Grain.

Comparative evaluation of the calculated norms of mineral fertilizers interaction effectiveness with various bioagents and adaptogenic preparations on crops cruciferous oilseeds

Studies conducted as part of the Federal target program “Research and Development in Priority Directions for the Development of the Russian Science and Technology Complex for 2014–2020”, showed high efficiency of interaction of calculated norms of mineral fertilizers with modern bioagents RECB-50B, RECB-95B and adaptogenic drugs. At the same time, the actual yield of spring rapeseed of the Gedemin variety exceeds the planned one (3 t/ha) by 9.3–12.3 %, respectively, the chemical load on the environment is reduced and the cost of production of oilseeds is reduced.

Segetal complex – pioneer stages of syntrophic communities in the Meshchovskiy Opole of the non-Chernozem Zone of Russia

In the conditions placor soil Meshchovskiy Opole the Central economic region of the Nonchernozem zone of the Russian Federation on agro-gray forest middle loamy soils defined by the main species composition of segetal complex field agrophytocenoses in the structure of five fields grain and grain-grass crop rotation in the limit of syntaxon Stellarietea mediae R. Tx. et al. ex von Rochow 1951. The combinations of weed and field species specific to field crops are established and the influence of minimization of basic tillage is shown, including No-till, and applying calculated norms of mineral fertilizers (NPK) on the dynamics of the species composition and number of the main components of the segetal complex is shown. The original synanthropic plant communities on the fallow lands of Meshchovsky Opole develop from the segetal complex of previous agrophytocenoses. The core of the cenoflora is represented by 104 species of higher herbage plants from 29 families. Synanthropic communities have a low species saturation – 8 species per 100 m2 and a projection coverage of 57.6%. In acesite territories the advantage is given to the types of anemochory edificatory. Phytomass of secondary phytocenoses without comprehensive measures to improve their floristic composition cannot be used for bulk feed production

Effectiveness of various types and norms of fertilizers in increasing the productivity of cultivated crops and the fertility of gray forest soil in the Pre-Kama Area of Tatarstan

The article discusses the effectiveness of various types and norms of organic fertilizers in improving soil fertility, productivity and crop production quality, as well as crop rotation productivity in a comparative aspect with the estimated norms of mineral fertilizers for obtaining the planned yield. Various norms of thermally dried granulated chicken manure were studied, its suitability as an environmentally safe complex organic fertilizer and its effectiveness in increasing yields, produce quality, soil fertility and crop rotation productivity compared with traditional manure, buckwheat green manure crop, mineral fertilizers and natural nutritional background were established. The economic efficiency of the use of various types of fertilizers in crop rotation is determined and its increase to a profitability level of 74–222 % depending on the type and norms of fertilizers is established.

RESEARCHES FOR THE FORMATION OF INDICATORS OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF THE RIPAZ GROWTH LINES DEPENDING ON ELEMENTS OF TECHNOLOGY

In the article economic estimation of elements of technology of growing of winter rape is carried out; crop yields, product costs, production costs, cost, net profit and profitability are taken into account. The literature on the problem of research has been processed, the importance and relevance of studying the economic efficiency of the applied technologies of winter rape cultivation in the conditions of the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine are presented. It is indicated on the low economic results of farming in the agrarian sector of Ukraine and the possibility of increasing the efficiency of growing winter rape with both intensive, extensive and resource-saving technologies. The results of studying the influence of the time of sowing and different norms of mineral fertilizers on the formation of indicators of economic efficiency of winter rape hybrids of various ripeness groups were analyzed. Significant influence of the investigated elements of technology on the main indicators of economic efficiency is noted; It was established that the change in the level of yield obtained by hybrids caused a change in the indicators of economic efficiency. So among the investigated variants of the maximum value of the value of gross output of the hybrid of winter rape, Exotic - 22550.0 UAH. was received at the first deadline of August 10 in the version with the introduction of N240P120K240, the minimum value of the value of gross output - 4675.0 UAH. received on the third term of September 5 in the version without fertilizers. The value of the gross output of the Excel hybrid maximum value is 20,900 UAH. acquired for the second term of sowing August 21 in a variant with maximum fertilization. The greatest value of the production of the hybrid Exagon - 20,900 UAH. was received for the second sowing of the sowing on August 21 with the introduction of N240P120K240, the minimum - 4235 UAH. - on the first date of sowing in the variant without the introduction of fertilizers. The comparative estimation of the indices of the three hybrids under investigation showed that the maximum cost of production was 22550 UAH. was obtained when growing the Exotic hybrid at the first sowing date on August 10 at maximum fertilization. The minimum value of cost is 2864.6 UAH. for 1 ton of seeds, the net profit is 10805.2 UAH. / ha and the profitability level - 92% was obtained in the same variant.

Productivity of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) depending on the norms of mineral fertilizers and foliar feeding with microfertilizers

Productivity of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) depending on the norms of mineral fertilizers and foliar feeding with microfertilizers

The system of fertilizers of zucchini in the conditions of drip irrigation in the cultivation on light-chestnut solonetz soils in the Astrakhan region

The noticeable growth in the production of vegetable products is due, first of all, to the increase in acreage, the use of highquality high-yielding varieties of seeds, the use of energy-saving agricultural technologies, scientifically based doses of mineral fertilizers and plant growth regulators. In the presented article the scientific substantiation of the developed technological scheme of cultivation of zucchini is given, the most high-yielding hybrids meeting the requirements of resource-saving technology of cultivation at the drip irrigation method are allocated. The results obtained in the study on cultivation of vegetable marrows on the background of the introduction of different norms of mineral fertilizers in combination with foliar (leaf) treatments revealed that the most positive effect was observed on the variant N110P105K75+Megavol and N110P105K75+VITASEM.

EFFECT OF MUNGBEAN REPEATED CULTURE ON COTTON VEGETABLES UNDER CONDITIONS OF SOUTHERN ZONE OF KARAKALPAKSTAN

Investigations carried out under conditions of meadow alluvial soils in the southern zone of the Republic of Karakalpakstan have determined the effectiveness of various norms of mineral fertilizers (N160P100K75; N200P140K100 and N240P170K125 kg / ha) applied to cotton grown in the following year after winter wheat and as a secondary crop of mung beet against mineral fertilizers (N30P80K60 kg/ha). When cotton was grown in the following year after winter wheat and the second crop of mung beans, the highest yield of raw cotton was obtained, which was 3.4 t/ha against the background of mineral nutrition N200P140K100 kg / ha. As a result of research, in the system of crop rotation, winter wheat-recurrent cotton culture is scientifically grounded in the effectiveness of the agro technical method of locating the mung beans culture before sowing cotton.

Adaptability of field crops to changing conditions of cultivation

Purpose. To establish the plasticity and stability of corn and sunflower hybrids in terms of yield at varying abiotic environmental factors and identify them in terms of yield in different zones of Ukraine.Methods. Field multifactorial experiments, mathematical methods of data analysis.Results. The results of studies on the plasticity and stability of field crops in different soil-climatic zones of Ukraine are presented on the example of yield of corn and sunflower hybrids which production in different regions of Ukraine is high. The average yield of maize hybrids is high and stable: in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe from 8.67 to 11.6 t/ha, in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe from 6.82 to 12.1 t/ha, with a coefficient of plasticity of 0.14–1.93. Of the 29 studied hybrids, 8 were high-plastic – b = 1.3–1.93; the combination of high plasticity and stability was found only in two hybrids: ‘P8529’ (b = 1.49; σd = 0.09) and ‘ES Beatles’ (b = 1.42, σd = 0.29). Highly sensitive to growing conditions were ‘Orzhytsia 237 MB 58’, ‘Aspid’, ‘Ajax’, ‘Coximo’ and ‘Alvito’ (b = 0.14–0.54). The reaction of hybrids on compaction of sowing and norms of mineral fertilizers was established. Through the formation of a root system with a certain morphology, yields during the 2015–2017 period varied from 6.82 to 12.1 t/ha. The plasticity of most hybrids was close to one. In the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe, the provision of moisture is a more restrictive factor than in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe. The implementation of the potential of sunflower hybrids is much higher in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe varying from 2.10 to 3.68 t/ha, as compared to the Southern Steppe where it makes 0.81 to 3.07 t/ha.Conclusions. The establishment of the coefficients of plasticity and stability allows the identification of stable yields of corn and sunflower hybrids of a high level of plasticity, which may be recommended for production in certain regions of cultivation. Adaptive cultivation technologies increase the stability of hybrids.

Влияние режима минерального питания на коэффициент водопотребления и урожайность гибридов баклажанов в условиях Астраханской области

Приведены основные результаты изучения воздействия различных норм внесения минеральных удобрений: P90K60 + N120 (2 подкормки) и P90K60 + N180 (3 подкормки) за весь период вегетации растений баклажана. Выявлены оптимальные нормы внесения, что нашло свое отражение в биологической урожайности. Применение минеральных подкормок в дозе N120 [режим минерального питания P90K60 + N120 (2 подкормки)] позволило поднять урожайность до уровня, гарантирующего всем сортам и гибридам баклажанов получение достаточно высоких показателей чистого дохода и уровня рентабельности. Среди высокоурожайных сортов и гибридов баклажанов, таких как Астраком, Маркиз F1, Лебединый, Галина F1 и Нижневолжский, при этом режиме минерального питания чистый доход на 1 га варьировал от 929,04 тыс. до 138,02 млн руб., уровень рентабельности — от 490 до 589 %. Урожайность по вариантам изучения при внесении минеральных азотных подкормок в дозе N180 [режим минерального питания P90K60 + N180 (3 подкормки)] варьировала от 135,1 до 180,93 т/га. Водопотребление баклажанов дифференцировалось в интервале 75 – 80 – 75 % HB и было обеспечено проведением в среднем 30 поливов. Суммарное водопотребление составило в общей сложности за весь период исследований (2012 – 2015 гг.) 4930,3 м3/га. Сорта и гибриды баклажана положительно реагируют на внесение минеральных азотных подкормок, особенно в дозе N180, обеспечивая значительный уровень биологической урожайности, превысив 100-тонный уровень.