Construction Norms Research Articles

О причинах возникновения и последствиях двух разрушительных землетрясений в Турции 06.02.2023 г.

Using the developed geoinformation system “Prediction”, an analysis was made of information available from the media on two devastating earthquakes in the Türkiye that occurred in the western segment of the East Anatolian fault on February 6, 2023. The possibilities of recognizing signs of the preparation of earthquake data by means of medium-term forecasting developed for the Baikal rift zone, which are important for assessing seismic hazard and seismic risk, are discussed. Based on the analysis of the consequences of the large-scale destruction of residential and industrial infrastructure in the Türkiye, the causes of the huge damage to the country's economy caused by earthquakes, which are largely due to unfavorable seismotectonic conditions and urbanization problems that arose as a result of insufficient compliance with the necessary requirements and norms of earthquake-resistant construction, are considered.

Forecasting the influence of the guided flame on the combustibility of timber species using artificial intelligence

This paper anticipates the burning rate and optical obscuration characteristics of a 10 mm thick timber species often used in buildings under the influence of a guided flame condition with heat fluxes of 25 kW/m2 and 50 kW/m2. The smoke density chamber was used to test the wood species Pinus strobus, Pinus kesiya, Quercus alba, and Faqus sylvatica. The experimental data: time, specific gravity, mass loss, and heat flow were used as input variables to an artificial neural network (ANN) model. ANN with structure of 4-64-32-2 was built and validated, the results revealed that, the correctness of the established simulation was proven by a high value of R2 (0.99292 for validation) and highest validation performance (MSE = 17.809 at epoch 12). When the heat flow was reduced from 50 kW/m2 to 25 kW/m2, Quercus had the greatest drop in mass optical density (MOD). In the case of 25 kW/m2, the average charring rate was roughly 0.57 mm/min, compared to 0.96 mm/min in the case of 50 kW/m2. The MOD declines asymptotically for all species regardless of heat flux. The findings give statistical support and theoretical reference for fire-related construction norms and standards.

Queering the Skeleton in Dance's Closet

This article explores the role a human skeleton played in the queering and shaping of dance modernism. In the early decades of the twentieth century, an important intervention propelling dance toward a modernist aesthetic while disrupting the regulatory norms of gender construction, began in a women's college gymnasium via a skeleton. Two impulses generate this archival-based inquiry: one that traces the history and symbolic formulations of nationalism, race, and gender that followed skeletons into the university as they anchored conceptualizations of the modernist dancing body; and another that locates the intervention of a queer body in dance through this skeleton.

Prevent Domestic Violence: Reconstruction Wife Right to Freedom of Opinion and Expressions

The wife is one of the potential victims of domestic violence. In patriarchal culture and social construction norms, the wife must obey all of their husband's requests. Hence, they became vulnerable and got physical, sexual, economic, and many forms of domestic violence. Based on radical feminist theory, human rights concepts, and interpersonal communication theory, this article builds the idea to prevent domestic violence for wives by reconstructing their rights to freedom of opinion and expression. This research-based is on a literature review from scientific articles, books, and reports. After it, analyze with standpoint feminism. The result is that two points. First, in cultural and logical patriarchal, wives need interpersonal communication training to get equality when talking with their husbands. Second, reconstruction about wives' awareness about freedom to opinion and expressions is necessary, so they do not fear to say no to their husbands and love themselves first. Finally, to prevent domestic violence against wives needs implementation of freedom to opinion and expressions in everyday life.

(Re)making hydrosocial territories: Materializing and contesting imaginaries and subjectivities through hydraulic infrastructure

Infrastructures and their roles and connections to and in territories and territorialization processes have increasingly become objects of study in political geography scholarship. In this contribution, we build on these emerging insights and advance them by further conceptually disentangling the agential role of infrastructure. We bring together the notions of territory, governmentality, imaginaries and subjectivities, to clarify how exactly hydraulic infrastructure acts to transform relations between space, people and materiality. We start by introducing territorialization as a process of ‘ordering things’ in a certain space and time through different techniques of government. We then show how, at the base of such territorialization processes, are imaginaries that contain normative ideas about how space and socio-territorial relations should be ordered. Imaginaries are consequently materialized through hydraulic infrastructure through the inscription of morals, values and norms in infrastructure design, construction and operation. This set of materialities and relations embedded in infrastructure brings changes to the existing relations between space, water and people. In particular, we highlight the repercussions of infrastructure for how people understand and relate to each other, the environment, water, technology and space: in other words, how subjectivities change as an effect of hydraulic infrastructure constitution. Last, we show how infrastructure and the related hydrosocial territories that develop around it are a dynamic arena of contestation and transformation. We argue that socio-material fractures, emerging counter-imaginaries and the disruptive capacities of subjectivities constantly challenge the ‘fixes’ that infrastructures aim to inscribe in hydrosocial territories. Throughout the paper, we use empirical examples from recent research on hydraulic infrastructure and territorial transformations to ground the conceptual ideas.

Modelling interrelationships between barriers to adopting green building technologies in China's rural housing via grey-DEMATEL

Implementing the rural revitalisation strategy provides a unique opportunity for adopting green building technologies (GBTs) in China's rural housing construction, which is mostly self-built, is well suited to adopting GBTs. However, adopting GBTs in China's rural housing has remained stagnant in pilot demonstration stage over the last decades. Limited studies have been conducted on China's rural self-built housing. This study aims to bridge this knowledge gap by identifying barriers to adopting GBTs in China's rural housing construction and examining their cause-and-effect interrelationships. Initially, 20 barriers were identified in an extensive literature review. With expert feedback, the cause-and-effect relationships between these barriers were visualised via the grey decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory technique. The impact, receptivity, prominence, and position analyses were adopted to study the barrier interrelationships. A sensitivity analysis assessed the accuracy and robustness. Twelve barriers can be classified as causes and eight as effects, divided into core, driving, independent, and impact based on the position and prominence indices. The core causal factors include traditional social norms of rural housing construction, the shortage of expertise/skilled workers, popularity of the self-built model, lack of policy and regulations for GBTs in rural areas, incomplete technical standards or systems, lack of importance attached by the government and lack of financial incentives and rewards. Improvement should be prioritised for the core barriers, which are causal and influence other barriers in the effect group. The corresponding recommendations are formulated to mitigate or eliminate these causal barriers. The study findings provide structural support to the government by determining the causal and effect barriers to adopting GBTs in China's rural housing construction. The research implications can help practitioners and policymakers effectively promote adopting GBTs in self-built housing in developing countries.

Contemporary Urban Space Philosophy in China Using Lightweight Deep Learning Model-Under Ecological Ethics.

It aims to improve the construction of ecological civilization and promote the common development of urban and ecology. Firstly, contemporary ecological ethics is explored, and its principles and characteristics are summarized. Then, the technique of convolutional neural network (CNN) image in a deep learning model is analyzed. Finally, deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) are used to analyze and model the spatial characteristics of contemporary cities based on ecological ethics. According to the investigations, rural residential areas are more consistent with ecological ethics than urban residential areas when compared with the ecological characteristics of farmland and forest, and the highest ecological eigenvalues of the two areas are about 8 and 6. In the analysis of urban space, the maximum value of ecological eigenvalues of an airport is 9, and that of a stadium is 8. However, the scope of their construction that is consistent with ecological ethics is very small. Moreover, the eigenvalues of ecological ethics in the urban business circle of casinos are not only very low (the highest values are about 5 and 3), but also consistent with the construction norms of ecological ethics. The work of urban spatial philosophy is optimized based on the adoption of the DCNN model of deep learning in ecological ethics, which not only provides the reference for future ecological urban planning but also contributes to the common development of urban and ecology.

MOSQUES IN POST-SOVIET KAZAKHSTAN: DISCOURSE INTERPRETATION AND REGULATORY PRACTICES

The authors have analyzed the dynamics of the growth of number of mosques built by religious associations in post-Soviet Kazakhstan and noted a transition from their unregulated and chaotic construction (proliferation) to their precise association with specific maddhabs, and their construction norms conceptualized by religious institutions represented by the Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of Kazakhstan (DUMK). The types of cultic facilities and the actors are discussed and ranked according to the type of their involvement and partnership. We should note that the participation of various actors adds weight to the status of mosques as important public facilities. The authors have paid particular attention to the religious communities’ revised registration realized under the Law of the RK on Religious Activities and Religious Associations of 2011, which optimized the religious space, consolidated the positions of traditional Islam and, hence, standardized the rules related to mosque construction. Keywords: mosque, public space, post-Soviet realities, re-Islamization, re-appropriation, “mosque diplomacy,” religious communities, traditional Islam, DUMK.

Precision of determination of thawing depth of the frozen rocks

An important quantity determining the choice of technical solutions in design of both surface and underground structures in the permafrost area is the thawing depth of the rocks. To obtain simple analytical relations to determine the thawing depth over time, a simple assumption is used: that the initial temperature of the rocks is equal to the melting temperature of ice. The aim of the present work was the assessment of impact of this assumption on the forecast precision. For a quantitative assessment, a simple typical formula recommended by construction norms was used. Functional dependence of the density of the rocks and their heat capacity on the fraction of ice content was considered in the formulas. A rock consisting of a combination of quartz sand and ice was used as an example.Multiple variant calculations were done according to the formulas and their results presented in the form of charts. It was shown that the relative error in determination of thawing depth depends solely on the Stefan criterion and is independent of the thawing duration, thermal conductivity coefficient of the thawing rocks and the air temperature during the thawing. A relation was obtained which allows to quickly assess at which initial values (temperature and ice content of the frozen rocks) it is possible to use the formulas obtained from the simplified calculation models with the assumption that the temperature of the rocks is equal to the melting temperature of ice.

How revealed preference theory can be explanatory

The question of how to frame agential preferences in economics finds one caught between Scylla and Charybdis. If preferences are framed in as minimal and deflationary a manner as revealed preference theory recommends, the theory falls prey to objections about its predictiveness and explanatory power. Alternatively, if too many cognitive and causal intricacies are incorporated into the preference concept, revealed preference models will violate pragmatic norms of model construction, surrendering model simplicity and generality. This paper charts a middle course, arguing that the path to salvation lies through an understanding of revealed preference models as program explanations.

Unveiling and packaging: A model for presenting philosophy in schools

Abstract As a philosopher and a reflective practitioner of philosophy in schools, I explore two aspects of presentation which I call unveiling and packaging. Both aspects bear on the work of designing and facilitating philosophy workshops for school students. I describe unveiling philosophy as a practice of collaborative inquiry and dialogic argument: social processes that foster thinking skills and dispositions, an evaluativist epistemology, and a range of constructive norms. I then discuss packaging philosophical materials in ways that create effective stimuli for thinking. I encourage educators engaged in designing or curating stimuli to draw on the rich diversity of available media, to focus on the quality of both the philosophical content and its creative expression, and to ensure that the content connects with students’ life experiences. I propose five criteria for judging the likely effectiveness of a philosophical stimulus: that it activate emotion, induce perplexity, challenge intuitions, ignite controversy and elicit reasoned argument. I offer three detailed examples of high school philosophy workshops to illustrate the practical application of these criteria, and to illuminate fruitful possibilities for arranging stimuli, including using a Provocation-Complication sequence or arranging stimuli as elements in a more complex puzzle.

A vision-based excavator productivity analysis in Vietnam

The process of determining the working parameters of reverse bucket excavators is mainly consulted through the Ministry of Construction norm. However, in the era of industrialization and modernization, machine and equipment are increasingly modern and innovative, making the determination of excavator productivity or parameters through the regulations in the old norms unsuitable. Furthermore, updating the norms through data collected in the field take tremendous amount of time and procedures as it is labor intensive. Therefore, this paper proposes a vision-based analysis in calculating excavator productivity using image processing applications and coding language to automatically determine the excavator productivity and bring results on the basis of analysing big data collected from validated construction sites. To be specific, this paper introduces a new method in calculating the excavator productivity by extracting crucial coefficients from hundred images of the excavators using an open-source software, then compare with the traditional method to identify and analyse the importance of this new method and the practical use it might bring to the construction industry.

Development of models of vibrations of critical structures and regulatory approaches to calculations for seismic impacts

The calculation of the stability of the equilibrium position required by the canceled
 and current norms of earthquake-resistant construction, and the calculation of the dynamic
 stability of various partial movements, the requirements for the necessity of which are absent
 both in the proposals for the norms of the new generation and in the current norms of earthquake-resistant construction, are the main ones in the calculation and design of structures taking into account their interaction with the base. Special and emergency seismic loads are identified that create an emergency situation − the occurrence of a mode of beating or resonant vibrations, as well as parametric resonance and nonlinear vibrations that occur after the loss of stability of the position of structures.

Iranian Women’s Veiling as a Gender Performance: Since Premodern Era to the Current Age

Iranian women’s veiling, as one of the major concerns of both women and the state, has been the subject of various studies. The present study in its broad range of investigation covers discussion of Iranian women’s hijab since pre-modern Iran to the current age. Meanwhile, it is more than a new historicist reflection on the way discourses construct norms. Here, within the framework of Butler’s performative theory, veiling is approached as a gender performance, which constructs and represents the identity of the wearer. The question is how Iranian women’s veiling as a gender performance is associated with competing discourses, and how recitations of veiling give them agency. It is hypothesized that women are not simply imposed the norm of veiling by the dominant discourses; rather, as active agents they can change the norms as they perform deviated recitation of norm of veiling. Veiling as a signifier has given different significations in each era, ranging from modesty, backwardness, nationalism, revolutionary, to displaying protest. We address the meanings that different dressing styles represent in three eras of pre-constitutional, post-constitutional, and postrevolutionary in Iran. Homogenized imposed veiling by Islamic authorities in pre-modern Iran, withdrew with secularization of state, was invoked as sign of revolution against the state, re-imposed by the state and ultimately fashioned by women. Thus, veiling in Iran is burdened with more cultural and even political meaning. In each discourse, the performance of veiling style defines women’s subjectivity as normal or abject. Women to be identified as viable subject perform the norms of religious or secularized modern discourse. The two produced binary polar, representing two kinds of subjectivities produced a gap between veiled, unveiled women or properly veiled and misveiled women. The imposed, removed and re-imposed hijab has not been the terminal decision of discourses. It is confirmed that today, Iranian women, supplied with education and global media can reflexively consider and fashion their identity. Nowadays, Iranian women’s fashion hijab is a deviated recitation of the idealized norm to resist the imposed norm. Fashion hijab as a deviated recitation of originally intended hijab by Islamic state is a threat to the Islamic discourse. Therefore, it is regarded as soft war imposed by Western culture on Iran. It is concluded that there has been a dialectical relationship between veiling performance of subjects as agents and viability of the dominant discourse.

Community Based Tourism dalam Menyongsong New Normal Desa Wisata Bali

This research is entitled "Community Based Tourism in Welcoming the New Normal Tourism Village in Bali Province". This research was motivated by the economic crisis that occurred in Bali Province, due to the outbreak of the corona virus. For the Province of Bali, tourism is the leading sector of the Balinese economy because the majority of Balinese people depend on the tourism industry directly or indirectly. The outbreak of the corona virus throughout the world has caused countries in the world to implement various policies to limit the space for their people, which have implications for the decline in tourism activities in Bali. Bali has 116 Tourism Villages which are now excellent tourist destinations amid the Covid- 19 pandemic. Tourist villages offer natural beauty more ideally visited in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic compared to other tourist destinations. However, it turns out that until now the local government of the province of Bali has not had a norm in the formation of a tourist village, which implies difficulties in developing a Tourism Village, so it is necessary to construct norms that specifically regulate tourism villages by implementing the concept of community based tourism that promotes community participation. The formulation of the problem in this study, namely; 1. What is the authority of the Regional Government in developing the Tourism Village in Bali Province? 2. How is the development of a tourism village based on the concept of community based tourism in welcoming the new normal of Bali tourism? In this study, it is known that the local government of the province of Bali has the authority to construct tourism village norms as a guideline for organizing tourist villages in Bali Province. The provincial government of Bali is expected to form a Regional Regulation as a guideline for regencies / cities in developing tourist villages so that they can realize the tourism implementation objectives contained in article 4 of Law no. 10 of 2009 concerning Tourism.

Методика оценки доступности и пользовательского спроса остановок городского пассажирского транспорта общего пользования при разработке документов транспортного планирования

The paper describes a method of visual assessment of the availability of public passenger transport stops in accordance with SP (construction norms) 42.13330.2016. A method for mathematical modeling of user demand for public passenger transport stops using the Voronoi diagram is proposed and described.

Impact of violation of construction and environmental norms of correctional institutions on the organization of the imprisonment regime

Imprisonment is the most commonly used criminal punishment in the world. In all countries, there are specialized institutions for the maintenance of those sentenced to this punishment. In Russia they are called correctional institutions. By isolating persons who have committed crimes from the outside world, these institutions perform several tasks at once, ensuring: 1) constant monitoring of convicts; 2) access control; 3) control over the movement of convicts; 4) checking their presence; 5) carrying out activities aimed at detecting prohibited items. All these tasks are aimed at achieving a global goal - maintaining the established regime for execution of sentences in form of imprisonment. The article deals with regulation of design, construction and equipment of correctional institutions by Russian legislation. The authors analyze the norms in force in Russia in this area, highlight strengths and weaknesses, and determine the degree of influence of possible violations in design, construction and equipment on the regime of punishment execution. The actual double subordination is established in solving the current problem. On the one hand, the department executing preliminary conclusion, on the other, the department organizing and controlling process of designing and building institutions executing a preventive measure. Such inconsistency creates problems in practical application of provisions of existing norms, leads to errors and, as a result, to inadequate isolation of convicts from the outside world.

SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AS AN ELEMENT OF THE ECONOMIC SECURITY SYSTEM OF BUSINESS ENTITIES

Purpose. To research the value principles of responsibility as an element of the economic security system of business entities in the context of sustainable development, to substantiate the socio-economic content of the business entities' responsibility. Methods. The analysis of the value principles of responsibility as an element of the economic security system of business entities is grounded on the methods of systematic and structural-functional analysis and the method of theoretical generalisation. Substantiation of the socio-economic content of business entities' responsibility is based on an institutional approach. Results. Emphasis is placed on the causality of business entities' social responsibility, which is manifested in the ability of the economic security system of business entities to self-organization. According to the study of the value principles of responsibility as an element of business entities' economic security, it is proved that in the context of sustainable development, consolidation of the constructive norms of business entities' responsibility is not subject to a unified logic of economic utility, go beyond economic determinism, and are postmaterial, individualized. Scientific novelty. The paper substantiates the socio-economic content of responsibility as an element of the economic security system of business entities based on the definition of the constructive components of the relationship of responsibility: target content, comparative content, and cognitive content. Practical significance. The results of the study form a scientific and practical core for improving the mechanisms of business entities' economic security and the regulatory legal framework of social responsibility in ensuring the sustainable development of the economic system

ESTUDO DO USO DA BIOFÍLIA EM AMBIENTES HOSPITALARES EM BELÉM – PA

Um ambiente hospitalar que trata da saúde humana e funciona 24h precisa de uma edificação eficiente que não siga apenas normas construtivas, mas seja humanizada de tal forma que possa impactar positivamente pacientes, e principalmente, funcionários e profissionais da saúde, levando em consideração o seu tempo de permanência maior no prédio. Pensando nesse impacto, o presente artigo traz um estudo de aplicação da biofilia, sobre a qual falaremos em detalhes mais adiante, como princípio de melhoria entre a relação ambiente natural X ambiente construído, considerando ambientes internos como sala de descompressão, consultório, apartamento do paciente, enfermaria e circulações no hospital Adventista em Belém do Pará. A investigação proposta é de caráter qualitativo, visando averiguar o quanto recursos da Biofilia podem contribuir na humanização de áreas importantes do prédio, principalmente áreas fechadas de uso ininterrupto, auxiliando na diminuição ao estresse normal de edifícios como este, e assim proporcionando maior conforto, produtividade e bem estar.

Rail versus inland water transport: a comparative costs study based on the movement of coal in India

ABSTRACT This paper makes an attempt to fill some of the gaps present in the literature related to various modes of transport in India. It presents a comparative cost study of rail and Inland Water Transport (IWT) in the Indian context. The case of railway transport is based on the existing construction and operation norms of Indian Railways. In contrast, IWT cost parameters are based on discussions with manufacturers of barges in India and operators of barges carrying coal for Frakka Thermal Power Plant in the Ganges. The estimated results suggest that water ways in India have a comparative advantage over the rail in terms of capital costs (including its various components), climate change cost of environmental costs and social (health and accident) costs as these costs are much lower in case of IWT as compared to railways. However, IWT has no comparative advantage in operation. Estimates indicate that operation and maintenance cost of railways with electric traction is lower than that of IWT mainly because of less fuel consumption. All this indicates that there is a need to develop given waterways and introduce efficient barges in water transport so that it can compete with other modes of transport like Railways. In fact, IWT has characteristics to facilitate a system that meets the requirement of an efficient and sustainable transport system which is cost-effective in operation when compared with railways.