Norms Of Interaction Research Articles

Методологическое сопровождение исследований социального капитала организации

Introduction. The purpose of this article is to present a synthesis of the theoretical, methodological and empirical research findings pertaining to the social capital in organisations, and as well as to describe the diagnostic tools used in its assessment. According to the concept of social capital in organisations as a unified semantic space encompassing the employees of various organisations, the key components of social capital in organisations that can be quantified are identified. These components are trust, commitment to goals and values, the constitutive interaction norms, and the organisational reputation. Methods. A theoretical and methodological analysis revealed the main principles of social capital study. This analysis allowed us to create a generalised model for the study of social capital. Based on the aforementioned model, validation methodology for measuring social capital including a calculation of the consolidation index was proposed (IXCO). Results. The model demonstrates that the principal components can be qualitatively and quantitatively characterised, and social capital accumulation may have both positive and negative implications. The concept of “social capital consolidation in organizations” is introduced, reflecting the unity of its main components. This study reveals the differences in the structure of social capital depending on the socio-demographic characteristics of organisations' personnel. Furthermore, empirical studies are conducted to confirm the theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of social capital in organisations in different spheres of activity, including business, education, as well as in issue of generational differences.

Peculiarities of formation of legal awareness of students of higher education institutions: realities of today

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the formation of legal awareness of students of higher education institutions in the context of the challenges and realities of the military present, which is an important task for the full development of civil society and the rule of law. It is emphasized that institutions of higher education, within the educational space, need to pay attention to the formation and development of valuable legal attitudes of students, legal culture and legal awareness. It is necessary to form a personality with legitimate beliefs, respect for the law, national symbols, human dignity and human rights and freedoms on the basis of a defined national policy, in particular, in the educational space and directly in institutions of higher education. It was found that the awareness of the peculiarities of behavior, permissible or not permissible self-realization in society and perception of the rules and norms of social interaction between people in the state depends on the internal beliefs and legal awareness of the person. It is emphasized that students of higher education institutions acquire certain professional competencies during their studies, and also continue the process of their own socialization. This process directly depends on the environment in which a person is formed, what values he develops under the influence of the environment. It is noted that it is advisable to create legal advisory centers in institutions of higher education, which, in addition to free legal assistance, will provide consultations and explain to students the norms of current legislation, introduce them to the peculiarities of legal systems, and encourage students to understand the role and importance of law for society. Attention is focused on the fact that value attitudes and orientations formed at a young age will become the basis for the lawful behavior of a person and will allow to realize the value of the rights, freedoms of a person and a citizen, human dignity and a person, in general. This will be a guarantee that such a person in the future will be able to form a democratic society and a legal state based on general civilizational norms and principles of human coexistence.

Risks of “Social Legitimacy” of Corruption under Sanctions: Assessment of the Sentiments of the Regional Business Community

Introduction. In the context of a large-scale sanctions regime, the intensification of anti-corruption work requires special attention among a number of adjustment measures related to structural changes in the economy and changes in supply logistics. Sanctions become a trigger for the emergence of new corrupt practices. The purpose of this article: using sociological analysis methods, to identify the “social legitimacy” (admissibility, acceptability) of corrupt behavior in the business community as a risk factor for the growth of corruption in unfavorable conditions of sanctions pressure. Materials and Methods. The article is based on the results of a sociological study conducted by the authors using a questionnaire survey to assess the level of business corruption in 2021 pre-sanction and in 2022‒2023 sanction years for the Russian economy among the business community of the Sverdlovsk region (n = 500 annually). In order to compare regional trends with all-Russian ones, the results of sociological studies were used: “Business Barometer of Corruption in Russia” and “Consequences of the introduction of sanctions for Russian business.” Results. Risks to the social legitimacy of corruption under sanctions have been identified: against the general background of a negative assessment of corruption by the business community, there has been an increase in the number of supporters of the position that corruption can help solve pressing business problems, as well as those who are neutral towards corrupt business practices; an increase in the desire of the business community to justify the use of corrupt behavior patterns with the usual “that’s the way it is in Russia” has been revealed. Another risk is the dissonance between values and behavior: “In general, corruption is bad, but in a crisis situation, in my daily practice, I can, even must, use corrupt schemes”. Discussion and Conclusion. The life position of the business community, in which corruption is accepted as an inevitable norm of social interaction, turns out to be a barrier to anti-corruption work. The need to intensify sociological research to study the culture of everyday life in the Russian business community has been recorded. The results obtained can be used by government agencies, the chamber of commerce and industry; the union of small and medium-sized businesses, representatives of the business community to intensify anti-corruption work.

Доброта и сострадание в оптике новой психологической нормальности

The introduction substantiates the relevance of studying the modes of prosocial behavior in the conditions of new psychological normal, conditioned by informatization and digitalization of society, breaking of habitual behavioral algorithms during the pandemic, adjustment of rules and norms of interaction. Theoretical analysis and earlier studies allow us to differentiate compassion and kindness in terms of motives, goals and results of prosocial behavior: if compassion is associated with empathic connection, sympathy, resonant co-tuning with the Other, providing him with his own resources, kindness is interpreted as voluntary acceptance of responsibility for the present and future of the Other through the mobilization of his resources. Empirical analysis. The objective of this research is to study compassion and kindness as different modes of prosocial behavior from the point of view of their typicality and significance in the behavioral repertoire of modern students, the possibility of adequate recognition depending on the location of the Other on the scale “Acquaintance – Stranger”. Participants: psychology students (N = 76; M = 24.4; SD = 9.5). Methods: survey and psychological testing with the Kindness and Compassion Scenario Scale (Gilbert P. et al.). Conclusion. It has been revealed that the significance and typicality of the implementation of behavioral scenarios constructed with regard to the norms of prosocial behavior indicates their insufficient priority and demand. It is found that when the mode of kindness is more accurately recognized, compassion is equally well identified in relation to both familiar and unfamiliar people, whereas kindness is better identified in relation to familiar people and corresponds with altruistic investment.

Consent beyond Sexual Cues—Pre- and In Situ Interactions between Men Influence Men’s Approach towards Sexual Consent

The existing literature on sexual consent is extensive, but a new social approach to this topic is emerging, necessitating further research. This article addresses a gap in understanding how men’s interactions with other men, who are not their sexual partners, both before and during sexual encounters, influence their approach to consent beyond sexual cues. The study involved sixteen interviews and two focus groups with men aged 18–25. Conducted within the framework of the Consent project (PID2019-110466RB-100), this research aims to analyze how communicative acts, beyond verbal exchanges, shape relationships where either consent or coercion prevails. The findings reveal that when men engage in coercive interactions with non-sexual male peers, these interactions can encourage the violation of consent in their sexual relationships. Conversely, some men reject this coercive behavior, take a stand, and support others in avoiding situations that compromise consent. These results underscore the importance of addressing norms of masculinity and male interactions to ensure that all individuals can autonomously make decisions about their sexual lives.

КОМПАРАТИВНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНЫХ И РЕЛИГИОЗНО-ЭТИЧЕСКИХ АСПЕКТОВ ВОСПИТАНИЯ МОЛОДЁЖИ ВОСТОКА

The article presents a comparative analysis of the socio-cultural and religious-ethical aspects of youth upbringing in the East. The study covers the key elements shaping educational practices in various Eastern societies. The main focus is on the influence of these religious and cultural traditions on the formation of values, norms of behavior and social interaction among young people

Affordance norms for 2825 concrete nouns.

Objects are commonly described based on their relations to other objects (e.g., associations, semantic similarity, etc.) or their physical features (e.g., birds have wings, feathers, etc.). However, objects can also be described in terms of their actionable properties (i.e., affordances), which reflect interactive relations between actors and objects. While several normed datasets have been developed to categorize various aspects of meaning (e.g., semantic features, cue-target associations, etc.), to date, norms for affordances have not been generated. We address this limitation by developing a set of affordance norms for 2825 concrete nouns. Using an open-response format, we computed affordance strength (AFS; i.e., the probability of an item eliciting a particular action response), affordance proportion (AFP; i.e., the proportion of participants who provided a specific action response), and affordance set size (AFSS; i.e., the total number of unique action responses) for each item. Because our stimuli overlapped with Pexman et al.'s, Behavior Research Methods, 51, 453-466, (2019) body-object interaction norms (BOI), we tested whether AFS, AFP, and AFSS were related to BOI, as objects with more perceived action properties may be viewed as being more interactive. Additionally, we tested the relationship between AFS and AFP and two separate measures of relatedness: cosine similarity (Buchanan et al., Behavior Research Methods, 51, 1849-1863, 2019a, Behavior Research Methods, 51, 1878-1888, 2019b) and forward associative strength (Nelson et al., Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36(3), 402-407, 2004). All analyses, however, revealed weak relationships between affordance measures and existing semantic norms, suggesting that affordance properties reflect a separate construct.

Фаббинг: стремление к поверхностным контактам с другими и избегание глубинных контактов с собой

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objective. </strong>Analysis of the relationships between phubbing behavior and the characteristics of communication skills, sociability, escapism and existential fulfillment of people aged 18 to 50 years. <strong>Background. </strong>In the situation of digitalization of society, it is important to understand new types of communicative norms of human interaction. There is a demand to uncover the main factors and predictors of phubbing behavior in modern society, as well as to understand the role of phubbing in changing the nature of communication. <br><strong>Study design. </strong>The study revealed the relationship between phubbing behavior and communication and sociability of an individual. The relationships between phubbing patterns and indicators of existential fulfillment and the depth of contact with oneself and other people were also examined. The study was conducted using correlation analysis. <br><strong>Participants. </strong>The study involved 316 people aged 18 to 50 years (54% women, 46% men). The sample was stratified by gender, age (youth/middle-aged people), and level of education (higher education/specialized secondary education). <br><strong>Measurements. </strong>The following methods were used in the study: General Phubbing Scale (Phubber) (Chotpitayasunondh, Douglas, 2018); The Generic Scale of Being Phubbed (GSBP) (Phubbee) (Chotpitayasunondh, Douglas, 2018); Sociability test (Bogacheva, 2021); Methodology for measuring the level of expression of escapism (Teslavskaya, Savchenko, 2019); Test of existential motivation (TEM) (V.B. Shumsky, E.M. Ukolova, E.N. Osin, Ya.D. Lupandina, 2016). <br><strong>Results. </strong>Phubbing behavior is interconnected with such personality characteristics as sociability, contact, social adaptability and ergicity. Escapism reduces the likelihood of phubbing behavior and is not a direct characteristic of it. Existential fulfillment, meaningfulness of life and one's future, satisfaction with one's life and oneself reduce the likelihood of phubbing in relation to a partner. Phubbing behavior is more pronounced in women. There is a connection between active phubbing and having a higher education. The vast majority of the sample (both young people and mature people) consider phubbing to be an acceptable social norm of modern communication. <br><strong>Conclusions. </strong>The desire for quick, superficial and varied contacts increases the likelihood of phubbing in relation to a communication partner, and meaningfulness of one’s own life and deep contact with oneself reduces the likelihood of such behavior.</p>

The competing role of English and Chinese in the ‘practiced’ language policies for international medical students in a Chinese hospital

ABSTRACT Informed by the theoretical concepts of ‘practiced’ language policy and space, the study investigates the language practices of English-medium Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) programs for international students, focusing on the interactional norms of language choice in a Chinese hospital where international students are interned. In accordance with the tenets of Interactional Sociolinguistics, data were gathered through observation, audio recordings, and interviews with 15 international medical students and clinical supervisors over the course of one year. The study found that three mediums of interaction were adopted across different spaces in the hospital: an English monolingual medium, a Chinese monolingual medium, and an English and Chinese bilingual medium. The findings suggest that ‘practiced’ language policies are never static or prescribed, but rather constructed in relation to personhood, type of activity and place in multiple social spaces. The study offers implications for international medical education and the promotion of an inclusive language environment.

Towards a sportive agoraphobia of professional athletes

ABSTRACT In careers that span anonymity to public individual, the work of professional athletes is highly visible: anyone can observe and comment on what they do. Based on the accounts of 26 full-time, UK-based professional athletes from seven sports, eight female and 18 male interviewees, the object of this article is to examine the working lives of professional athletes and how, as they go about daily routines, they value and manage the fluid balance between privacy and social participation. The focus is on an emerging uneasiness with ‘social’ spaces, proposing the idea of a sportive politics of agoraphobia, examining the ways in which professional athletes cope with the highly visible aspects of their daily lives, importantly their fears of uninvited attention from strangers, people who are well-acquainted with past work performances and who possess personal information. The data indicate that professional athletes go about their daily routines unhesitatingly careful of where and how they can be vulnerable to personal intrusion and transgressing norms of interaction. Their strategies to cope with their ‘being’ in public involve a combination of conveying normalness, performing positive affect, and adjusting to being interpreted in public.

Hic sunt leones. User orientation as a design principle for emerging institutions on social media platforms

AbstractThe phenomenon of missed interactions between online users is a specific issue occurring when users of different language games interact on social media platforms. We use the lens of institutional theory to analyze this phenomenon and argue that current online institutions will necessarily fail to regulate user interactions in a way that creates common meanings because online institutions are not set up to deal with the multiplicity of language games and forms of life co-existing in the online social space. We argue for the need to enable and foster grassroots online institutions that can stabilize the norms of interaction by redesigning algorithms and user interfaces. Such online grassroots institutions would facilitate user orientation at three distinct levels: informational, normative, and semantic-pragmatic. We propose user orientation as a principle that would facilitate the formation of institutions aiming to regulate information exchanges between users inhabiting various forms of life. This principle of user orientation should guide design decisions, while designer teams would need to become aware of the institutional power unleashed when they set up interfaces and algorithms for user-generated content.

Digital perspectives for actor training

This article explores how actor training, and physical actor training especially, can shift fromthe well-established historical norm of live workshop interaction to embrace online possibilities.It briefl y examines some of the contextual issues around institutional approaches to training, includingstudents’ expectations, and charts some digital innovations in the fi eld. It then traces theauthor’s own evolutionary history of publishing using analogue and then digital tools, from drawings,through CD-ROMs and DVDs to online materials. This has culminated in the publicationpre-pandemic, though anticipating subsequent shifts online, of ‘Physical Actor training – an onlineA-Z’ (PATAZ), for Methuen Drama Bloomsbury. PATAZ is introduced as a case study, showing howthe project team developed fi lm material as a means to articulate key aspects of training practice;for example by showing the learning and training process, for presenting voice work and for actors’explorations of space and movement. The article describes how the project’s fi lms were augmentedwith various digital tools, such as on-screen animation and it introduces some of the rangeof approaches in fi lming and editing that were adopted to differentiate each term. It concludesby suggesting that we are only at the beginning of a digital revolution regards actor training,its documentation and analysis and related publishing practices.

Interviewing Didier Raoult: The scientist who breaks the frame

This paper examines how normative roles of interaction in broadcast news interviews are disrupted during interviews with French expert immunologist and scientist Didier Raoult. The analysis is based on the organisation of the news interview as a particular form of institutional talk, and on the discursive features of expertise. There are three key aspects to the construction of Raoult as a central figure of the pandemic scene in France. The first is his prominent media presence online, the second is his regular appeal to historical events, in relation to France and to his family, and the third is his own status as director of a team of epidemiology experts at the IHU (Institut Hospitalier Universitaire) in Marseille. In the three interviews in the data set, these three aspects emerge as legitimate discursive grounding for his stance regarding the pandemic, and relevant treatment for the virus. The paper is organised as follows: the first part is a presentation of Didier Raoult and the mediated context from which the corpus of interviews is selected. In the second, the discussion focuses on the discourse of scientific expertise, and how Raoult constructs his expert status in the interviews. The final part will analyse how he puts this expert status to work as a discursive resource for disrupting the interactional norms that generally hold between journalists on the one hand, and interviewees on the other.

Challenges in Achieving Coherence and Cohesion: A Discourse Analysis of Chinese EFL Students’ Essays

This paper aims to highlight the prevalent challenges faced by Hong Kong Chinese students in utilizing connectives and ensuring coherence in their English academic writing. Research indicates that constructing fluent, effective, and cohesive English written texts that maintain logical flow poses a significant challenge for Chinese learners studying English as a foreign language (EFL). This difficulty is likely attributed to the substantial cultural differences between the English and Chinese languages, regardless of the learners’ grasp of English grammar and vocabulary usage. In order to raise awareness among EFL teachers regarding the struggles Chinese students encounter in mastering connectives and cohesion in English writing, this qualitative study analyses five sample English term papers written by Hong Kong university students majoring in English in 2023. The findings reveal that the Hong Kong EFL participants tend to present their arguments in an indirect and circular manner within their English essay assignments. Additionally, due to cultural norms and politeness, the true intent of their writing is often withheld, and the thesis statement is implicitly inferred towards the end of the essay rather than being explicitly stated at the beginning in the introduction. Furthermore, a focus group interview with the student participants conducted after the written analysis demonstrated that their English academic essays reflect the influence of Chinese social interaction norms on rhetorical patterns. The relevance of this study lies in its potential to inform EFL instruction, enabling educators to better support Hong Kong Chinese students in navigating the complexities of English academic writing and to adapt pedagogical approaches that bridge cultural and linguistic gaps.

Image Policy of the Greater Caspian States: Factors and Challenges to Forming the Macro-Region Image

The formation of the country’s image is one of the components of the national identity policy construction. The purpose of this study is to identify the substantive characteristics of the policy of the three Caspian states - Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Azerbaijan - within the formation of both the image of their countries and the macro-region. The concept of the ‘discursive power’ is applied; the empirical methods used are an online survey, focus group and expert interviews. The author characterizes the main groups of factors influencing the construction of the image in the countries under consideration, identifies the types of image policies, main strategies, and technologies. We focused on the problems and prospects of forming the image of the Caspian macro-region. According to the surveys of citizens conducted in Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan, the structural characteristics of the macro-region image are as follows: the ecosystem of the Caspian Sea and the common Soviet past. The main challenges to promoting the image of the macro-region are the lacuna of agencies in terms of institutions, general strategies and technologies, the uneven inclusion of the countries of the macro-region in the global and regional information space, the nature of center-regional relations in the countries of the region, the existing competition of macroregional projects. In the modern world order, the Caspian macro-region can be considered as a potential ‘center of power’, possessing enormous material and spiritual resources for development. The construction of its image, its promotion as one of the humanitarian components of the developing cooperation of the Caspian Five countries in the conditions of deglobalization and the creation of mega-regional projects that establish new standards and norms of interaction.

A Discourse Analysis on Workplace with Hymes 'Speaking Model' Between Owner and Staff In Puri Itoma Corporate kuta Lombok: A study on Ethnography of communication

Ethnography in general is communication in society. Ethnography of communication combines ethnography, description and structural and functional analysis of society and culture, and linguistics of cultural behavior that guides and helps share knowledge, art, morals, beliefs, and everything that people acquire as members of society. Communication Ethnography is an approach to understanding society and culture and reconstructing this ethnic group, especially society in general. Discourse is also very often used in communication in society, at work, offices, schools and public places, both formally and informally. Discourse in English is called discourse and is defined as expression in communicative interaction. Speech events are based on eight speech components. Hymes summarizes these components with the acronym SPEAKING. Ethnography of communication in this discussion refers to the use of language in certain community groups. A smile means, for example, eight components of speech: (1) Setting and scene, (2) Participants, (3) Ending, (4) Sequential action, (5) Key, (6) Instrument, (7) Interaction norms, and (8) Flow. This study shows that the main focus of workplace research is a professional workplace and the ability to express oneself calmly at work. However, as stated in this review article, there are several interesting studies regarding the topic of communication in workplace briefings, for example using relaxed language but still targeting different jobs and power or positions, different nationalities, even different cultures. but still respectful. with each other between the owner and sales marketing staff, as in the discussion above. Another potential growth area is the study of multilingual conversation patterns in the workplace and communication norms at press conferences. Recent research in this area explores the importance of ideology and effectiveness in multilingual communication in the workplace. The research clearly shows the importance of communication ethnography, namely the dense interaction of participants. High network density is essential. This research describes communication competence. each participant is considered to have expressed his opinion. All statements from the meeting created strong communication between the three members. At the same time, it can be assumed that the participants are owners and sellers who have long established close relations, even quite proper, relaxed, clear and concise cooperation. So, their level of cognition deserves thumbs up. Another important thing is to create clear communication in the office space. Another achievement is that Participant 2 is a sales marketer from Germany who is able to adapt to the work environment and belongs to a lower caste. But it shows the same thing as the relevant statement. However, external participants, despite coming from upper caste strata, gave conflicting statements. Even though people from different castes always try to fulfill their demands or desires in conversation.

Феномен коммуникативной демонстративности в современном дискурсе

This article is devoted to the problem of communicative demonstrativeness in the speech of a modern person. The purpose of the work is to identify and describe the leading features of the communicative category of demonstrativeness as a new phenomenon of modern discourse that has emerged as a result of socio-cultural evolution. As a result of the study, it is established that communicative demonstrativeness is an actual universal norm of interaction, which is the communicative tonality that structures the process of verbal communication and performs the function of self-manifestation and means of emotional influence on the addressee. Demonstrativeness is considered as a universal component of the sign, objectifying and conveying a certain meaning. Communicative demonstrativeness is actualized at all language levels and is implemented in speech products through the use of various linguistic and non-linguistic means. It is found that the leading means of expression of this communicative category are explicit semantic means, peripheral — lexico-grammatical means and paralinguistic signs. Its main types are positive and negative varieties. Communicative demonstrativeness is manifested in all circumstances of communication within the framework of socially communicative spheres. Being a form of mental reflection of reality, demonstrativeness determines the national communicative behavior of an individual people and the standards of the global communicative space.

Педагогічні умови підготовки майбутнього вчителя початкових класів до організації групової навчальної діяльності учнів

The article outlines the relevance of preparing future primary school teachers for organizing group learning activities for students in the context of implementing the Conceptual Foundations of the New Ukrainian School reform and the State Standard of Primary Education. It is noted that the group form of learning activities allows for direct contact among all students, contributes to the establishment of moral values and norms of interaction and cooperation, and encourages students to independently plan and coordinate their cognitive activities. The authors clarify the concept of «readiness of the future teacher for the group form of organizing cognitive activities of younger schoolchildren», which is understood as an integrative personal quality that involves a favorable motivational-value attitude towards group work and the possession of effective methods for organizing it. The corresponding criteria (motivational, cognitive, activity-based) and indicators of such readiness are defined and characterized. The pedagogical conditions for preparing future primary school teachers to organize group learning activities for students are substantiated, namely: motivating students to study the features of the group form of organizing cognitive activities and applying teamwork during practice; enriching the content of training with theoretical knowledge about the features of organizing group forms of learning; developing practical skills for applying the group form of organizing cognitive activities during practical classes and pedagogical practice; and using group forms of organizing cognitive activities during educational sessions in higher education institutions. The authors emphasize that during professional training, it is necessary to develop in students a positive attitude towards the group form of learning; a system of knowledge about various forms of organizing cognitive activities and, in particular, technologies, methods, and techniques of group work; skills and abilities to apply this knowledge in practical activities; and personal-professional qualities necessary for organizing group work.

Modeling reflection in artificial intelligence systems: state of art and prospects

Abstract. The paper is devoted to analyzing the current state of research and assessing the prospects for modeling reflexive processes using artificial intelligence systems, in particular, multi-agent systems for relevant simulation of collective problem solving. Reflexive modeling of each other by agents will ensure the development of a coherent model of the control object, the purpose of collective work and norms of interaction, as well as the developing of effective interaction between agents. This will allow the system, by self-organizing, to adapt to the characteristics of arising problems, in particular, to take into account their complex structure, the network nature of conditions and goals, opacity, subjectivity and dynamism.

Axiological component of defense speech in judicial discourse (based on English defense speeches)

The article is devoted not only to value judgments, but also to the issue of forming an assessment of the addressee in legal defense discourse. Legal defense discourse is understood in this study as a set of communicative practices of a lawyer aimed at resolving legal disputes during court sessions, which are regulated by law and norms of interaction within the contextual boundaries of time and place. The topicality of the present paper is determined by the need to expand the knowledge of the axiological features and patterns of linguistic mechanisms that form the basis of legal discourse in general and defensive speeches in particular. The aim of the article is to reveal and describe the ways of features of assessment formation in the defense speeches of English-speaking lawyers in the English legal discourse. The material of the study is the English-speaking lawyers’ legal defense speeches of the early 20s of the XXI century. The research was conducted with general scientific methods and techniques of material selection and systematization as well as types of analyzing language phenomena (communicative-pragmatic, contextual analysis, discourse analysis). Besides being clear and trying to avoid ambiguity in his speech a lawyer presents considerations to the court in favor of the defendant only; he often makes great efforts to look, for new means of speech influence in order to provoke a positive attitude towards the defendant. Having analyzed the linguistic material, the author finds and describes axiological components that expand the subject of discussion in the tactics used by English-speaking lawyers (tactics of targeted influence, tactics of indirect rhetorical influence and tactics of abstract influence), mainly with the help of expressive means (metaphors, epithets, phraseology and so on) while visualizing the necessary association in the addressee.