Normative Information Research Articles

DEVELOPMENT OF DATABASES STRUCTURE OF INTERNAL ECONOMIC AGENTS FINANCIAL MONITORING

Abstract. The article presents the results of developing the structure of databases of internal financial monitoring of economic agents in the form of a data scheme taking into account the entities, their attributes, key fields, and relationships, as well as the structure of units of regulatory information required for basic monitoring procedures based on internal and external sources. The block diagram of the financial monitoring databases, formed in the modern BPMN 2.0 notation using the Bizagi Studio software product on the basis of internal normative and reference documents, consists of tables containing information on: the client's financial monitoring questionnaire; list of risky clients according to the system of economic agent; the list of clients for which there are court rulings and financial transactions which may contain signs of risk; list of PEP clients of the economic agent; list of clients for which there is a share of state ownership (PSP); list of prohibited industries; reference books (type of financial transactions; features of financial transactions of mandatory financial monitoring; features of financial transactions of internal financial monitoring; identity document; type of subject of primary financial monitoring; type of notification; legal status of transaction participant; type of person who related to the financial transaction; the presence of permission to provide information; signs of financial transaction; regions of Ukraine); directory of risk criteria; clients with FATCA status. The scheme of the structure of databases of internal financial monitoring of economic agents using normative and reference information on the basis of external sources is presented by tables containing information on: legal entities, natural persons-entrepreneurs, public formations, public associations, notaries, lawyers of Ukraine; the list of persons related to terrorism and international sanctions, formed by the State Financial Monitoring Service of Ukraine; list of public figures and members of their families; sanctions lists (National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine; Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Ukraine; OFAC SDN List — US sanctions list; worldwide sanctions lists; EU sanctions lists); lists of high-risk countries (aggressor state, countries with strategic shortcomings, countries with hostilities, list of the European Commission for countries with weak APC / FT regime, countries with high levels of corruption, self-proclaimed countries, countries with high risk of FT, offshore countries); The First All-Ukrainian Bureau of Credit Histories, which describes the credit history, credit risks of individuals and legal entities in Ukraine (PVBKI); International Bureau of Credit Histories, which describes the credit history of individuals and legal entities of clients of Ukrainian economic agents (MBKI); list of dual-use goods; list of persons with OSH; AntiFraud HUB — information about fraudsters; register of bankruptcies; register of debtors; register of court decisions; database of invalid documents; list of persons hiding from the authorities; register of EP payers; registers of encumbrances on movable and immovable property; data on securities; lustration register; register of arbitration trustees; corruption register; bases of Ukrainian organizations; information on foreign companies. Integrated use of the developed databases based on the proposed schemes will improve the procedures for financial monitoring by economic agents and solve several current problems. Keywords: economic agents, financial monitoring, structural scheme of the database, normative and reference information of internal securement, normative and reference information of external securement. JEL Classification E44, D53, G21, G28, G32 Formulas: 0; fig.: 2; tabl.: 0; bibl.: 12.

Концептуальный подход к созданию нормативной базы технико-экономического обоснования стоимости научно-исследовательских и опытно-конструкторских работ, выполняемых за счет средств федерального бюджета

The article is devoted to the development of a conceptual approach to the creation of a regulatory framework for a feasibility study of the cost of research and development work. The analysis of the currently existing methods used to solve this problem is carried out. An algorithm for the formation of initial information for determining the standard indicators and the procedure for their calculation are proposed. Forms of presentation of normative information used in the valuation of research and development work have been formed.

Cultural and communicative formulae as a communication mechanism underlying the civilizational community

The author examines cultural and communicative formulae (CCF) and cultural concepts, noting that they are embedded in the communicative acts characteristic of representatives of a particular civilization. These communicative acts often contain cultural and communicative formulae. The article analyzes the relationship of the CCF with the most important communication tasks that ensure the stability of the civilizational community. Within the framework of the communicative direction, the author says that CCF are involved in a whole group of important functions: informing, describing events happening around; educational, broadcasting socially significant information; regulatory, broadcasting normative information; socially manipulative, consisting in the desire to control the audience; recreational entertainment function. The materials of the article can become the basis for methodological support of the educational process in the fields of International Relations and Linguistics.

Deviant or wrong? The effects of norm information on the efficacy of punishment

Research examining the effect of weak punishment on conformity indicates that punishment can backfire and lead to suboptimal social outcomes. We examine whether this effect is due to a lack of perceived legitimacy of rule enforcement, which would enable agents to justify selfish behavior. We address the question of legitimacy by shedding light upon the importance of social norms and their interplay with weak punishment in the context of a trust game. Across six conditions, we systematically vary the combination of the existence of weak punishment and norm information. Norm information may refer either to what most others do (empirical) or to what most others deem appropriate (normative). We show that in isolation, neither weak punishment nor empirical/normative information increase prosocial, reciprocal behavior. We instead find that reciprocity significantly increases when normative information and weak punishment are combined, but only when compliance is relatively cheap. When compliance is more costly, we find that the combination of punishment and generic empirical information about others’ conformity can have detrimental effects. In additional experiments, we show that this negative effect can be attributed to the punishment being perceived as unjustified, at least in some individuals. Our results have important implications for researchers and practitioners alike.

Nature of common lands in a post-communist country – The Polish perspective

Since the unregulated legal status of land results in the violation of its legal and economic security, intensified land marginalization, a decrease in local government income caused by tax revenue loss and hinders effective real estate management and trade, national governments try to regulate legal rights to real estate. This paper presents an analysis of common land (acr. CL). This form of management combines the features of real estate whose legal regulation is unclear, which is located between the private and public (state/commune) ownership and the common law associated with the possibility of using or gaining interest. This study aims to examine the extent of common lands in Europe, to analyse the possibility of regulating the legal status of common lands and to demonstrate the effects resulting from the possibility of free law interpretation. An interdisciplinary concept was employed, combining the historical approach based on archival sources and the quantitative-qualitative approach based on descriptive, normative, and statistical information. This made it possible to estimate and compare feasible solutions that take into account the size (and market value) of a share in common lands. These methods were applied in the case of a medium-size common land situated in the Mazowieckie Voivodship (Poland). The findings quantitatively showed the scale of the freedom with which legal regulations can be interpreted, which can be up to 100% of the share. This research problem is of particular importance to users of CL situated near urban areas.

스키장 평판과 준거집단 영향력이 스키동호인들의 추종 소비에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of the ski resort reputation and the influence of the reference group on the following consumption for ski members, to identify external factors influencing the ski resort selection, and to present implications for the establishment of ski activation strategies. To this end, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 273 ski members, and the following results were derived through correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis using the SPSS 22.0 program for the collected data. First, in Model 1, the reputation of ski resorts recognized by ski lovers has a positive effect on following consumption. Second, in Models 2, 3, and 4, the sub-factors of the influence of the reference group, such as normative influence, comparative influence, and information influence, were additionally added. As a result of the analysis, all three factors were found to have a static effect on the following consumption, and it was confirmed that the informational effect, the ski resort reputation, the comparative effect, and the normative effect were in order. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously monitor the characteristics of reputation management and reference groups, and for this, it is necessary to establish a systematic strategy.

Promoting support for carbon capture and storage with social norms: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial in China

Mass deployment of the Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology has been acknowledged by the Chinese government as one of the promising policies to directly reduce industrial CO2 emission into the atmosphere. The public supportive attitude toward CCS consists an important part of its promotion yet remains at a relatively low level in China. The current study combines insights from social norms and framing effects to investigate effective communication strategies to enhance support for CCS, and our major interest of framing effects is outcome framing. An online 2 (social norm: present versus absent) × 2 (outcome framing: gain frame versus loss frame) randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted with 209 Chinese college students. The results indicate that social normative information significantly enhances participants’ support for CCS while presenting message in a gain or a loss frame does not affect their attitude toward CCS, and the interaction between these two manipulations is not significant, either. Accordingly, we offered some advice to better inform effective public communication and promotion of CCS.

Psychometric Properties and Normative Information on the Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory with Ratings for Spanish Children from Parents and Teachers.

Psychometric properties and initial normative information are provided for the sluggish cognitive tempo, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-inattention, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-hyperactivity/impulsivity, oppositional defiant disorder, callous-unemotional behavior (limited prosocial emotions specifier), anxiety, depression, social impairment, and academic impairment scales of the Spanish Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory. Mothers, fathers, and teachers of 2,142 third to sixth grade Spanish children (49.49% girls; ages 8-13) from randomly selected schools on the Balearic Islands completed the Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory. Scores from the scales demonstrated reliability (internal consistency and inter-rater), structural validity, and convergent/discriminant validity with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and learning disorder diagnoses for boys and girls separately for each source. Normative information (T-scores) is provided for the nine scales separately for boys and girls, with test information functions supporting use of the symptom scales for screening purposes. Although more comprehensive Spanish norms are still needed, the initial normative information on the scales should be useful to inform the clinical care of individual Spanish children, with the positive psychometric properties of the scores also supporting the use of the scale for research. Copies of the Spanish Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory and norms are available for free to clinicians and researchers.

MRI monitoring of macaque monkeys in neuroscience: Case studies, resource and normative data comparisons

Information from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is useful for diagnosis and treatment management of human neurological patients. MRI monitoring might also prove useful for non-human animals involved in neuroscience research provided that MRI is available and feasible and that there are no MRI contra-indications precluding scanning. However, MRI monitoring is not established in macaques and a resource is urgently needed that could grow with scientific community contributions. Here we show the utility and potential benefits of MRI-based monitoring in a few diverse cases with macaque monkeys. We also establish a PRIMatE MRI Monitoring (PRIME-MRM) resource within the PRIMatE Data Exchange (PRIME-DE) and quantitatively compare the cases to normative information drawn from MRI data from typical macaques in PRIME-DE. In the cases, the monkeys presented with no or mild/moderate clinical signs, were well otherwise and MRI scanning did not present a significant increase in welfare impact. Therefore, they were identified as suitable candidates for clinical investigation, MRI-based monitoring and treatment. For each case, we show MRI quantification of internal controls in relation to treatment steps and comparisons with normative data in typical monkeys drawn from PRIME-DE. We found that MRI assists in precise and early diagnosis of cerebral events and can be useful for visualising, treating and quantifying treatment response. The scientific community could now grow the PRIME-MRM resource with other cases and larger samples to further assess and increase the evidence base on the benefits of MRI monitoring of primates, complementing the animals’ clinical monitoring and treatment regime.

Main Concept, Sequencing, and Story Grammar Analyses of Cinderella Narratives in a Large Sample of Persons with Aphasia.

Recently, a multilevel analytic approach called Main Concept, Sequencing, and Story Grammar (MSSG) was presented along with preliminary normative information. MSSG analyses leverage the strong psychometrics and rich procedural knowledge of both main concept analysis and story grammar component coding, complementing it with easy-to-obtain sequencing information for a rich understanding of discourse informativeness and macrostructure. This study is the next critical step for demonstrating the clinical usefulness of MSSG’s six variables (main concept composite, sequencing, main concept+sequencing, essential story grammar components, total episodic components, and episodic complexity) for persons with aphasia (PWAs). We present descriptive statistical information for MSSG variables for a large sample of PWAs and compare their performance to a large sample of persons not brain injured (PNBIs). We observed significant differences between PWAs and PNBIs for all MSSG variables. These differences occurred at the omnibus group level and for each aphasia subtype, even for PWAs with very mild impairment that is not detected with standardized aphasia assessment. Differences between PWAs and PNBIs were also practically significant, with medium to large effect sizes observed for nearly all aphasia subtypes and MSSG variables. This work deepens our understanding of discourse informativeness and macrostructure in PWAs and further develops an efficient tool for research and clinical use. Future research should investigate ways to expand MSSG analyses and to improve sensitivity and specificity.

ИНФОРМАЦИОННАЯМОДЕЛЬСИСТЕМЫ ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЯ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ УЗЛОВ И АГРЕГАТОВГРУЗОВЫХ АВТОМОБИЛЕЙ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ АПК С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ КОМПЬЮТЕРА

This paper discusses an information model of a com-puter aided system of software-algorithmic and information tools for advanced forecasting of the parameters of the technical condition of components and aggregates of a load-carrying vehicleby the results of diagnostics present-ed as hierarchically related sets of the complete set of its components. As components of software-algorithmic and information tools, many of the considered models of load-carrying vehiclesare identified; their components and ag-gregates; parameters of the technical condition of load-carrying vehicles; nominal, current and permissible values of the technical condition parameters without repair; the remaining resource of the technical condition parameter; methods for improving forecasting; the coefficient of curva-ture of the change in the predicted parameter over time; normative and reference information; input operational information; operational calculation/output information; development of control actions; operations for diagnosing units and components of load-carrying vehiclesduring the next maintenance No. 1 and others. This model is applica-ble in the development of a system in the environment of a computer spreadsheet for load-carrying vehiclesthat actu-ally exist on farms.

Agglomerative clusterization with DBSCAN algorithm and iterative method

The tasks of grouping, classifying, and clustering data are widely encountered nowadays in different areas of activity. These tasks need to be solved in librarianship and even in social networks. One of the complex and important tasks is a grouping of normative and reference information. Solving this problem will allow us to perform complex operations with the normativereference information: building a hierarchical structure from scratch, adding new entities or groups to the existing, and combining several lists of normative-reference information independently of the original hierarchical structure presence. This article includesdescription of using DBSCAN as an agglomerative-iterative clusterization algorithm. The iterative part of this algorithm is necessary forfull entity list clusterization on every hierarchical level. Clustering metrics such as adjusted Rand index, Jaccard index, Foulkes-Mallows index are considered. A new metric based on the previously mentioned metrics has been proposed. A combination of Word2Vec and TF-IDF algorithms is used to convert the textual names of objects to numerical form.

The concept and essence of legal awareness

The article conducts a comprehensive analysis of the category «legal awareness», identifies its essential content andsocial purpose. It is noted that the essence of legal awareness is that one should be well acquainted with the law (system of legal knowledge). In general, we can say that legal awareness reflects the level of knowledge of citizens of law and directly related phenomena. Knowledge of law primarily involves the reflection in the legal consciousness of the person of normative legal information, ie knowledge of the content of certain norms (principles) of law. It is substantiated that the state of legal awareness in the form in which it should be present in society, is achieved through proper legal education - systematic, planned activities of relevant entities, carried out using various tools, methods and techniques. It is established that legal education is a necessary element of personal access to law, which forms the attitude to law, trains a socially active member of society who knows his rights and opportunities, is able to defend and protect them in all ways. Factors that prevent the formation of a high level of legal awareness of the person have been identified. Among these are two current issues: 1) unsatisfactory state of legislation; 2) lack of a properly organized system of legal education and information by the state. It is established that legal awareness has a high social value. A high level of legal awareness contributes not only to the fullest realization of rights, freedoms and legitimate interests at the level of a particular individual, but also the development of democracy, improving governance, strengthening law and order throughout the country. Keywords: legal awareness, knowledge of law, legal education, legal consciousness, legal state

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Conducting intelligence activities is one of the main directions of ensuring national security of any state. This paper is devoted to some aspects of automation of normative and legal support of intelligence activity. The article considers some issues of ensuring the national security of Ukraine, the role and place of intelligence agencies in its provision; it analyzes recent research and publications on the issues related to the growing importance of intelligence in the modern world. The given paper substantiates the necessity of development of the automated system of normative and legal support of intelligence activity and formation in the structure of Ukrainian intelligence bodies a division of the intelligence activity automated normative and legal support which would be responsible for the centralized conducting of normative and legal information on the basis of uniform classification and coding standards. Intelligence support, as well as the processes of collection, accumulation, processing, storage and display of normative and legal documents concerning organization and performance of intelligence activity, classifiers (directories) of the state level, organizational and administrative documents, documents of regime rules and restrictions on intelligence activity are considered. The main tasks of the automated system of normative and legal support of intelligence activity according to different directions are considered. The article also determines some defined roles of specialists (officials) of the automated regulatory support of intelligence activities, as well as the issues of system architecture and main databases. A generalized organizational and functional structure of the automated system of normative and legal support of intelligence activity, which describes the automated functions of the system, is provided.

Surfacing Norms to Increase Vaccine Acceptance

Despite the availability of multiple safe vaccines, vaccine hesitancy may present a challenge to successful control of the COVID-19 pandemic. As with many human behaviors, people’s vaccine acceptance may be affected by their beliefs about whether others will accept a vaccine(i.e., descriptive norms). However, information about these descriptive norms may have different effects depending on people’s baseline beliefs and the relative importance of conformity, social learning, and free-riding. Here, using a large, pre-registered, randomized experiment(N=484,239) embedded in an international survey, we show that accurate information about descriptive norms can substantially increase intentions to accept a vaccine for COVID-19. These positive effects (e.g., reducing by 4.9% the fraction of people who are “unsure” or more negative about accepting a vaccine) are largely consistent across the 23 included countries, but are concentrated among people who were otherwise uncertain about accepting a vaccine. Providing this normative information in vaccine communications partially corrects individuals’ apparent underestimation of how many other people will accept a vaccine. These results suggest that public health communications should present information about the widespread and growing intentions to accept COVID-19 vaccines.

Magistrates’ Travelling Libraries: The Circulation of Normative Knowledge in the Portuguese Empire of the Late 18th Century

The pluricontinental Portuguese judicial administration was characterized by intensive movement of personnel around and between its dominions, forming a global network of rotating judicial posts. Along with these individuals, their books circulated, too. The present study focuses on the lists of books of eleven magistrates appointed to judicial posts in a range of locations throughout Portuguese America between 1799 and 1807. Censorship sources allow us to identify the books chosen by these itinerant magistrates as being indispensable for the exercise of their judicial function. In view of the cost of shipping, the books’ weight and, above all, the temporary character of the functionaries’ posts, judges established travelling libraries, portable collections of essential professional books. Identifying the books selected by judges as the work tools for their overseas judicial activities provides a good idea of the legal literature available in the final years of the Portuguese Ancien Régime. Finally, this investigation sheds light on how – and what kind of – normative information circulated in Portugal’s colonies along with these agents of the Crown.

Lying and social norms: a lab-in-the-field experiment with children

We conduct a lab-in-the-field experiment with 567 children, aged four to eleven, in which we investigate the effect of social norms on lying and test whether norm sensitivity changes with age. Children think about a number between 1 and 6 in private, then roll a die, and report whether the number that came up is the same as the one they thought of. Just before making their report, we expose children to different empirical and normative information prescribing lying or honesty. We show that a normative intervention suggesting other children approve of honesty effectively reduces lying. We find limited evidence of the influence of our empirical interventions: information suggesting other children report honestly is effective only for younger children, while information suggesting other children report dishonestly does not influence lying patterns. We further observe that, although lying is omnipresent across all age groups, honesty significantly increases with age.

Transition processes in coal field development in the light of intelligent control

Relevance of the work. The problem of sudden outbursts of coal and gas has been studied for more than a century and a half using various approaches to study this process. In order to prevent accidents and conduct safe mining operations. Today this problem remains relevant in the territory of the Russian Federation. In connection with the changed external and internal challenges of the development of coal mining at Russian mining enterprises, it is proposed to consider the problem in the light of two aspects, one of which is the geographical location of subsoil use objects and intelligent control. Objective. The work is devoted to the study of the development of transient processes at a coal mining enterprise from the standpoint of intellectual management. The task of the work is to create in the first approximation an industrial knowledge graph. Method and methodology of the work. The study is based on a problem-oriented approach to solving the issue of safe mining, namely, to thoroughly study the problem of sudden emissions of coal and gas before the release occurs. To solve the existing problem, it is proposed to create an industrial graph of knowledge, taking into account the peculiarities of geomechanical processes occurring in the mountain range. In the created industrial knowledge graph, the main classes are shown that contribute to the presentation and structuring of knowledge about the causes of sudden coal and gas outbursts for a particular coal seam being put into production. Results. Because of the study, based on the construction of an industrial knowledge graph, we can conclude that it is necessary to create a classification with geomechanically specific phenomena and their features. Study of normative and reference information and identification of semantic patterns in them. All these studies are complicated by the large volumes of data, their fragmentation, and in some cases the unreliability and inconsistency of information. When obtaining a semantically non-contradictory industrial graph of knowledge, knowledge can be “useful” for constructing a mathematical model for predicting sudden coal and gas emissions.

Qualitative Evaluation of Web-Based Digital Intervention to Prevent and Reduce Excessive Alcohol Use and Harm Among Young People Aged 14-15 Years: A "Think-Aloud" Study.

BackgroundIn the United Kingdom, despite some downward trends in alcohol use among young people, over one-fifth of young people reported excessive alcohol use in the past month, which is associated with short- and long-term harm to health. Digital interventions to reduce alcohol use, such as websites, among young people present an appealing and cost-effective mode of intervention that can be integrated into the education system. However, relatively few school-based digital alcohol-focused interventions have been developed and evaluated for young people in the United Kingdom.ObjectiveThis study aims to develop a novel web-based intervention, Rethink Alcohol, to prevent and reduce excessive alcohol use and related harm among young people aged between 14 and 15 years, and explore the views of young people, teachers, and youth workers in relation to the content, design, and usability of the intervention.MethodsIntervention development followed the person-based approach, using theories of social norms and social influence. Qualitative “Think-Aloud” interviews, either one-to-one or paired, were conducted while participants perused and worked through the web-based intervention, talking aloud. Participants included 20 young people (12 female, 8 male), 5 youth workers (4 female, 1 male), 3 teachers (2 male, 1 female), and 1 (male) clinical professional, recruited via youth groups and professional networks. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically.ResultsThe prototype web-based intervention included normative feedback, information, a quiz, interactive activities, and scenarios. On a rating scale of impressions from poor (1) to excellent (5), participants gave an average score of 3.6/5. A total of 5 themes were identified: content, credibility of the website, making the website easy to understand, design and navigation, and suitability for the audience. These themes reflected views that the content was interesting, credible, informative, and embodied a neutral and nonjudgmental tone, but stronger messaging was needed regarding social pressures and short-term risks regarding safety and risk behavior alongside clarity around pathways of risk; credibility and trustworthiness of information were critical features, determined in part, by the professionalism of design and referencing of sources of information provided; and messages should be succinct and come to life through design and interactive features.ConclusionsTogether, the data illustrated the importance and challenge of communicating nuanced alcohol-focused public health messages to young people in concise, clear, nonjudgmental, and appealing ways. Young people report interest in clear, credible, neutral, and interactive messages regarding social pressures and short-term risks of alcohol use via a web-based intervention. There is scope for optimization and feasibility testing of the Rethink Alcohol intervention.

Experimental priming of peer injunctive norms and peer descriptive norms on personal alcohol attitudes, behaviors, and motivations

Purpose: Several theoretical frameworks postulate that perceptions about social normative information could modify personal attitudes and behavior. The current experiment applied priming methodology to activate the mental representations of peer injunctive norms (perceptions about the attitudinal approval of friends) and peer descriptive norms (perceptions about the behaviors of friends) for alcohol on personal alcohol attitudes, behaviors, and motivations. Materials and methods: Participants (N = 470) enrolled at a university in the United States were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: peer injunctive norms prime (n = 159), peer descriptive norms prime (n = 153), or control group (n = 158). Participants in the two priming conditions were exposed to a series of item stimuli designed to activate mental concepts about normative alcohol attitudes (peer injunctive norms) or normative alcohol behaviors (peer descriptive norms). The dependent variables were personal drinking attitudes, behaviors, conformity motives, social motives, coping motives, and enhancement motives. Results: Results indicated that participants primed with the peer injunctive norms or peer descriptive norms manipulations subsequently endorsed statistically higher mean scores on personal alcohol attitudes than the control group. The descriptive norms manipulation resulted in statistically higher endorsement of personal alcohol behaviors and conformity motives than the control group. Conclusions: These findings suggest that simple and subtle thought accessibility reminders about other people’s alcohol-related attitudes and behaviors might compel social normative effects. The research offers implications about the mechanism of operation for social normative peer pressure on drinking attitudes and behaviors in adolescents and young adults.