Normative Design Research Articles

Company philosophy and its reputation through an analysis of the MERCO ranking

Social responsibility has been incorporated as a fundamental aspect in the structuring of large organizations. It is inevitable from a communicative and social interpretation perspective of organizations, not to observe them as socially incorporated entities and active agents in society. In the last two decades there has been not only an advance in the theoretical conceptualization of social responsibility, but also a normative and strategic design of the implementation of SR in companies. In the present investigation, a comparative study is presented that analyzes the development and execution of Social Responsibility in Spanish and Mexican companies. For this, the index based on Corporate Reputation Corporate Monitoring (MERCO Ranking) will be taken as a basis, selecting those considered as the ten best companies positioned in Spain and Mexico. The objective of the study is to determine the coherence of the MERCO Reputation Index with the theoretical concept of social responsibility. As well as determining the real role of the SR in the organizational philosophy and the materialization of it.

Необходимость изменения конструкции следственных действий, направленных на получение сведений, передаваемых по средствам связи

Abstract: Relevance of the research topic. The obvious trend of social activity was the digitalization of almost all aspects of people’s lives, which led to a sharp increase in information transmitted in digital (electronic) form. The Criminal Procedure Law provides for investigative actions aimed at obtaining this information for subsequent use in criminal evidence. However, some changes to the law are not quite systemic, are not supported by theoretical studies, which complicates law enforcement practice, forms the prerequisites for violating the uniformity of application of the law, and infringement of the rights of participants in criminal procedure. Problem setting. The constant improvement of the means of communication objectively leads to an expansion of their scope. In response, the legislator designs investigative actions that allow obtaining information transmitted by means of communication. However, some legislative decisions could not be considered optimal. Thus, having fixed in Art. 185 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation the possibility of obtaining information transmitted by e-mail, the legislator did not take into account that this norm applies only to postal operators. In addition, since 2018, telecommunication operators have been required to record and store the content of all communication sessions served by them. However, these provisions are not taken into account in the criminal procedure law, which establishes another procedure for obtaining information. Research objectives and methods. The purpose of the study is to develop proposals for improving the normative design of investigative actions aimed at obtaining information transmitted by means of communication. The tasks of the study are to analyze the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Law and the legislation on communication, to identify conflicts between them. The methodological basis of the study was the dialectical-materialistic method, as well as the general scientific methods of scientific knowledge: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, formal-logical, systemic. Results and key findings. To eliminate the resulting collision, it is necessary to design a universal investigative action that allows you to obtain information transmitted by telecommunication means, both the content of negotiations and the billing parameters of the connection.

Features of construction of multi-storey buildings and structures made of monolithic reinforced concrete in various climatic conditions

The construction of high-rise buildings with load-bearing structures made of monolithic reinforced concrete with the required quality is not an easy task. This applies mainly to the production of works in extreme temperature and humidity conditions. As the practice of construction using traditional technologies shows, the concrete of the erected floors does not reach the required strength. In winter, it is 85-90% of the project. In addition, on the upper floors where the concrete is in the hardening stage, its strength on average is even lower. Thus, high-rise buildings made of monolithic reinforced concrete at the construction stage do not meet the requirements of stability and reliability to the perception of seismic loads. This situation is not taken into account at the design stage. In the normative design and design approaches, the condition for setting the grade strength of concrete is laid down. In fact, the real picture differs significantly from the estimated one. And it is necessary to study transient design situations. This means that when designing, you should consider options for different combinations of applied loads and the actual strength of the concrete structure of the floors. Modern construction technologies provide favorable conditions for concrete hardening. All of them are associated with a significant increase in production costs (electricity, materials, labor), construction time, and therefore the cost of building construction. The way out of this situation is a systematic linking of design issues and organizational and technological capabilities of construction production. Options for such solutions are discussed in the article.

Discussion aspects of determining the list of means and techniques of legislative technique in the law-making process

The article examines the means and techniques of legislative technique as the main primary components of the construction of legal norms, the authors explore the controversial aspects of determining the range of key technical and legal instruments. The authors note the negative aspects in the process of using the tools and techniques of legislative technique in the regulation of criminal law prohibitions. The main technical and legal problems in modern criminal law-making are the unjustified casuistification of dispositions of normative prescriptions, the bulkiness of criminal law prohibitions. In some cases, the volume (capacity) of individual dispositions exceeds 150 words. Such normative decisions significantly complicate the perception of elements of a crime, complicate the assessment and comparison of the committed act with a specific criminal norm. These circumstances negatively affect the qualification process and do not meet the needs of law enforcement practice. Certain gaps are observed in the construction of blank dispositions, in a situation where the legislator uses significant prescriptions borrowed from normative acts of other branches of law in the description of encroachments. The paper also notes, that the rules of legislative technique do not relate to basic structural elements, since they are auxiliary (secondary) components of the legislative process and are already associated with the use of tools and techniques in the course of practical normative design, formation of specific legal prescriptions.

La falacia del Estado social en Colombia

This document carries out a normative and jurisprudential analysis on the model of the Social State of Law and Social Rights introduced by the 1991 Constitution, to validate its development. The main goal is to contrast the normative design with the reality of Colombian society to consider whether the social purposes of the state are met or if, on the contrary, the Social State of Law is a legal discourse and not a reality. To achieve such goal, the emergence and evolution of the concept of Social State of Law and its application in Colombian constitutionalism are taken into account; The study of social rights is carried out in conceptual and quantitative terms with satisfaction/deficiency indicators to identify the effectiveness degree those rights that allow the progress or setbacks of the Social State of Law to be concluded. The contrast among constitutional norms, jurisprudential rules and empirical data on the effectiveness of social rights lead us to the conclusion that in 30 years of legitimacy of the Colombian Constitution 1991-2021, the Social Rule of Law in our country is a fallacy that needs to be transformed into reality by social actors to undertake the programmatic content of the constitution. To fulfill social needs, there are legalpolitical instruments such as the National Development Plan and the Multi-Year Budgets, which meet public policy to procure the improvement and quality of life of Colombians and show that the Social State of Law is not a simple constitutional formula.

An Institutionalist Reframing of the Religion and Public Reason Debate

Responding to the preceding four articles, this piece presents a theologically-informed ‘institutionalist’ perspective on the debate within political liberalism over religion and public reason. Institutionalism calls for greater attention to the normative purpose and structural design of political institutions in order better to frame what political deliberation in a liberal democracy should look like. Eschewing any ‘idealization’ of citizens, and favouring an ‘argumentative’ account of democratic deliberation, it explores what public reasoning should consist in when viewed as an empirical practice occurring within actual political institutions. Five features of my account of institutionalism are outlined, followed by three implications of that account for the religion and public reason debate.

Estimation of the industrial building reinforced concrete beams’ residual life under corrosive media influence

The dominant factor determining chemical industry objects’ durability is the corrosive wear of the stretched reinforcement and the compressed zone of concrete. The article presents a methodology and results of a numerical assessment of the residual life of the reinforced concrete frame beams of an industrial building operating in an aggressive environment. According to the full-scale engineering survey results, the most damaged frame structures - the beams of the intermediate floors were identified. The period of concrete protective layer complete neutralization, the degree of corrosion damage to the working reinforcement, the compressed concrete neutralized layer depth, the change in its strength characteristics with depth and the degree of its heterogeneity were determined by the field measurements using the standard and non-standard methods of non-destructive testing. A linear law of the accumulation of corrosion damage to concrete in the compressed zone and the rate of corrosion damage in the working reinforcement after the concrete protective properties’ exhaustion is adopted. A normative design apparatus is used for the first group of limiting states in relation to the most loaded section. For an adequate assessment and prediction of the residual resource, the main emphasis is on experimental and diagnostic methods.

Protección de la vivienda y prioridad temporal

As soon as the law 26.994 entered into effect it replaced the wellknown family property regulated by the law 14.394. “The new protection regime finds its grounds in the Human Right to housing and it becomes an independent familial institution, though not unconnected to it” (Herrera et al., 2015, p. 410). The new regime returns to the table a subject, by the way quite discussed in the doctrine linked, to the temporary priority of registration. In this sense, the normative design refers us to the treatment that the National Real Estate Registry Law, that is, implicitly recognizes the existence of two types of priority with very different effects Therefore, this work will bring to light the linguistic problem considering the wording of the second paragraph of the article 244 of the Civil and Commercial Code. In the same way, the deducted difficulties on the assumption of direct priority will be exposed and, lastly, considering that housing is an essential human right, a work alternative that resembles the effects of the official report to the premise of indirect priority will be offered.

ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЕ КОТЕЛЬНЫХ УСТАНОВОК (ПРОШЛОЕ, НАСТОЯЩЕЕ И ВОЗМОЖНОЕ БУДУЩЕЕ)

В работе рассмотрены основные этапы развития котельных установок и методов их проектирования, влияние общенаучных сведений по термодинамике, физике и химии на конструктивные характеристики котельных установок. Показано, что при проектировании должны учитываться свойства сжигаемого топлива, условия работы котлов. Описано развитие нормативных методов проектирования. Дана краткая характеристика современных методов проектирования с использованием специализированных программных средств и высокопроизводительных вычислительных машин.
 Намечены пути дальнейшего развития методов проектирования.

Воспитание «Тетрисом»: к идейным основам советской компьютерной игры

The authors attempt to speculatively reconstruct the concept of the “So­viet computer game”. They propose to consider gaming practices associ­ated with computers as a derivative of the accepted ideological guidelines that accompany the Soviet project of machine modernization. Within this framework, the concept of the Soviet computer game appears as an unre­alized historical alternative to the normative game design that has devel­oped in countries with market economies. Despite the industry — or the electronic entertainment market — not having had the time to be properly established in the USSR, there were a number of discursive attitudes re­garding the game as such, and the gaming function of computing devices in particular. Even early Soviet pedagogical theories assumed that “playing like a Soviet” involves performing activities structurally similar to labor, where the player becomes part of production. Later, cybernetic discourse, through game theory, indicated the possibility of formalizing any prag­matic activity as a game model; with the advancement of programming, the pragmatics of digital gaming as a way of educating and solving utili­tarian tasks was developed. Based on the memoir archive of Soviet cyber­netics, and publications in the late-Soviet press, the authors demonstrate that the Soviet computer game was not seen an entertainment product, but a representative model for solving problems in an algorithmic form. Thus, the article is not about specific games that could be called Soviet, but about the logic that guided and set the tone for the interpretation of certain computer-game phenomena in the USSR.

DOCTRINE CREATION – THE STAGE OF THE SOCIAL (SOCIALLY CONSCIOUS) MANAGEMENT PROCESS OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR OF THE SUBJECTS OF SOCIAL RELATIONS

The active formation in Ukraine of a block of long-term planning program documents (doctrines, strategies, etc.) in various areas of public relations necessitates the creation of a doctrinal legal basis. At present, the issue of defining the role, place and significance of doctrine creation as a stage in the process of managing social behaviour, as well as at the level of public (socially conscious) management has not been studied. The purpose of this study is to examine the process of managing the social behaviour of the subjects of public relations at the level of public (socially conscious) management; the role, place and content of doctrine creation as a stage of the studied process.The methodological basis of the study is constituted by a set of methods and techniques of scientific knowledge: hermeneutic, analysis and synthesis, logical-semantic analysis, system-structural, etc. The author notes that each process consists of several stages that differ in content and mechanisms, but when it comes to the process of managing social behaviour, it should be borne in mind that this process takes place on two levels: the level of social (socially conscious) management and levels of state (will) government. The understanding of the two-level research process was chosen as the research paradigm, according to which the sequence of stages, steps and their content were analyzed as the components of the process of managing social behaviour of public relations at the level of public (socially conscious) management and determining the place, role and content of doctrine as stages of this process, which also consists of a certain sequence of steps. As a result of the research, the author’s vision of using the terms “public (socially-conscious) management”, “social rule-making”, “social ordering”, “social rule-consciousness”, etc. was formulated. It is outlined that doctrine creation is an optional stage of the research process, and is a source of formation of social rule consciousness (consciousness in the field of social management of social behaviour) of the subjects of public relations and lawmakers at the stage of authorization, which is also referred to the optional stage of the studied process. The author identifies that “social diagnostics” is a component of the process of doctrine creation. The practical significance of the study is to develop proposals for improving the preparatory, normative design activities in the formation of program documents and the creation of their doctrinal basis.

Towards a seamful ethics of Covid-19 contact tracing apps?

In the early months of 2020, the deadly Covid-19 disease spread rapidly around the world. In response, national and regional governments implemented a range of emergency lockdown measures, curtailing citizens’ movements and greatly limiting economic activity. More recently, as restrictions begin to be loosened or lifted entirely, the use of so-called contact tracing apps has figured prominently in many jurisdictions’ plans to reopen society. Critics have questioned the utility of such technologies on a number of fronts, both practical and ethical. However, little has been said about the ways in which the normative design choices of app developers, and the products that result therefrom, might contribute to ethical reflection and wider political debate. Drawing from scholarship in critical design and human–computer interaction, this paper examines the development of a QR code-based tracking app called Zwaai (‘Wave’ in Dutch), where its designers explicitly positioned the app as an alternative to the predominant Bluetooth and GPS-based approaches. Through analyzing these designers’ choices, this paper argues that QR code infrastructures can work to surface a set of ethical–political seams, two of which are discussed here—responsibilization and networked (im)permanence—that more ‘seamless’ protocols like Bluetooth actively aim to bypass, and which may go otherwise unnoticed by existing ethical frameworks.

Organizational and organizational and legal activities of local governments in the implementation of free legal aid

The article examines the theoretical and praxeological issues of organizational and organizational and legal activities of localgovernments in the implementation of free legal aid.It is proved that the most important teleology of local self-government and local self-government bodies formed by the territorialcommunity as a result of democratic procedures and appointments is the realization of constitutional rights, freedoms and responsibi -lities of man and citizen, because local self-government and territorial community-legal status of a person, – therefore, given the ratherhigh potential of their legal “content”, the provision of free primary legal aid within the territorial community and at the level of localself-government is an important, timely and effective factor of local development.It is argued that the implementation of organizational and organizational and legal activities of local governments to provide legalassistance in the local community is an objective and important area of support and implementation of constitutional and legislativeguidelines for such assistance.It is argued that exercising their own (self-governing) competences to provide legal assistance, local governments through thepractical implementation of organizational and organizational-legal activities in the relevant field actually form a local system of suchlegal assistance, in its contextualization as an important segment of local protection. human and civil rights and freedoms within theterritorial community.The author believes that the amount of competence rights granted to local governments to organize free primary legal aid at thelocal level of society within the territorial community – through the construction of an effective and efficient local system of such assistance,has a high organizational, praxeological, normative, normative design. and methodological potential. This conclusion is substantiatedby the fact that such multifactorial potential is not only sufficient and optimal for the members of the territorial community toexercise their constitutional rights and freedoms, fulfill their constitutional duties – in practice it transforms the local self-governmentand authoritative socially responsible and socially legitimate entity. which can really represent, reflect, moderate (in the context of mo -ni toring), protect and guarantee the realization of the rights, freedoms and responsibilities of residents of territorial community members.The implementation of organizational activities of local self-government bodies for the implementation of legal aid in territorialcommunity is not provided by current legislation, it logically follows from the understanding and interpretation of their competence inthe relevant field; implementation of organizational and legal activities of local self-government bodies on the implementation of legalaid in territorial community is regulated by current legislation, as well as regulations and documents developed and adopted by localself-government bodies within the framework of local rule-making.

Identifying, analyzing, and finding solutions to the sales lead black hole: A design science approach

In this paper, we apply a design science approach to help a business-to-business product-solution provider find solutions to the sales lead black hole. Our proposed solution emerges by leveraging insights from decision-making literature and operations management literature. The proposed design rules help marketing representatives assign leads more effectively to sales representatives, thereby fostering follow-up of marketing generated leads. In addition to our efforts to solve the sales lead black hole, we gain insights into how authentic marketing problems can be addressed through design research. By outlining a five-step procedure we illustrate how marketing scholars and practitioners jointly can address practical problems in a rigorous manner. The approach ensures that relevant research is conducted using state-of-the-art research methodologies. As such, the design science research approach is multi-method, multi-source, and multi-step in nature. Finally, by developing normative design rules we not only provide managers with prescriptive knowledge on what to do in certain problem situations, but also provide testable propositions that researchers can validate in other contexts. As such, the authors build on and extend the rich marketing research tradition.

Imbricaciones dogmático-jurídicas de la institucionalización normativa de revictimización en México

A partir de la instauración del sistema garantista en México, proclamado por la reforma constitucional en materia penal acaecida en 2008, se reafirmaron los derechos de la víctima como sujeto de protección del Estado. Para esto, se emitió en 2013 la Ley General de Víctimas, un ordenamiento que en su diseño normativo adolece de precisión sobre los sujetos obligados a vigilar que se garantice el otorgamiento de la reparación integral como prerrogativa inherente al sujeto pasivo u ofendido del delito.Asimismo, se aprecia que en la reforma al referido ordenamiento legal, acaecida en 2017, se presentan dos graves problemáticas: la tutela simbólica de la participación de la sociedad civil en las acciones tendientes a cumplimentar la reparación integral; y la difuminación la idoneidad del perfil del Comisionado Ejecutivo del Sistema Nacional de Atención a Víctimas. Esto último legitima la presencia de personas que no posean las bases académicas y/o profesionales para garantizar la reparación integral a quienes resintieron los efectos de las conductas punibles, circunstancia que no concuerda con las directrices de un Estado Democrático de Derecho.En esta tesitura, se analizan los elementos esenciales de las políticas públicas tradicionales frente a las políticas públicas con enfoque de derechos humanos. Se busca determinar si, en efecto, el actual diseño normativo de la obligación estatal de garantizar la reparación integral a las víctimas del delito se ajusta al paradigma proteccionista impulsado a través de la positivización de los derechos humanos en la Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos.Introducción: El presente documento contempla la revisión dogmática del derecho victimal y su devenir histórico en México, a través de las reformas constitucionales generadas a partir de 1993. Contempla también el estudio de los elementos esenciales de la reparación integral y su vinculación con el derecho fundamental de dignidad humana, consagrado a nivel federal e internacional. El fin es sentar la base analítica sobre la institucionalización de la revictimización en México, con motivo de la ambigüedad en el diseño de la Ley General de Víctimas relativa al establecimiento puntual de la autoridad legitimada para velar que se garantice la reparación integral, circunstancia que distorsiona la obligación manifiesta del Estado mexicano de generar políticas públicas que protejan la dignidad humana.Método: A partir de la perspectiva de los métodos sistemático jurídico y comparativo, se reflexiona sobre las particularidades del derecho victimal como punto vinculante con los elementos esenciales de una reparación integral, y el concepto de revictimización impulsado por el Modelo Integral de Atención a Víctimas. Esto con el fin de generar un hilo conductor con la explicación sobre la revictimización institucionalizada, producto de la ambigüedad normativa en el señalamiento de los sujetos obligados para vigilar por el cumplimiento de la reparación integral por ministerio de la Ley General de Víctimas en su última reforma de 2017. La circunstancia antes descrita no se ajusta a los postulados de una política pública con perspectiva de derechos humanos, inherente al espíritu proteccionista enaltecido a través de las reformas constitucionales en materia penal y de derechos humanos.Resultados: El diseño normativo de la Ley General de Víctimas impulsada por el Estado mexicano, consagra una revictimización institucional provocada por la ambigüedad en el señalamiento preciso de las autoridades encargadas de vigilar el cumplimiento de la reparación integral. Esta situación trastoca el derecho fundamental de dignidad humana establecido en el artículo 1 de la Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos; el artículo 11.1 de la Convención Americana de Derechos Humanos; el artículo 1 de la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos; y el artículo 10.1 del Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos, elementos sustanciales del Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos.Discusión o Conclusión: En aras de garantizar la tutela efectiva del derecho fundamental de dignidad humana, el Estado mexicano debe precisar, en el numeral 1° de la Ley General de Víctimas, las autoridades legitimadas para verificar el cumplimiento del derecho de reparación integral; es decir, la puntualización de los sujetos obligados que deben responder por el incumplimiento del deber legal que les imponen el ordenamiento en comento. La Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos y los tratados internacionales como estándar irreductible de las políticas públicas con enfoque de derechos humanos.

Damage assessment and seismic behavior of steel buildings during the Mexico earthquake of 19 September 2017

During the 19 September 2017 earthquake, steel buildings in the States of Morelos, Puebla, Mexico, and Mexico City were subjected to severe ground shaking. Despite in some cases, moderate damages in non-structural elements were developed; generally, null or minor structural damage was reported. The notable exceptions are (1) a three-stories building located at the southern area of Mexico City and (2) some schools near to the epicentral region in the State of Morelos. The behavior of these buildings is analyzed in detail. Conclusions are drawn on the demands imposed on steel structures considering the actual demands in order to underline the relevance of the normative design procedures.

Between Individual Decisions and Collegiate Deliberations: deciding how to decide, influencing the outcome

Como o desenho institucional do Supremo Tribunal Federal Brasileiro interfere no processo decisório dos conflitos que lhe são submetidos a julgamento? Os Ministros do STF, na qualidade de relatores dos processos em tramitação, por meio de recursos procedimentais disponíveis, podem decidir estrategicamente o que e quando levar a julgamento, individual ou coletivamente. O presente artigo insere-se neste debate para questionar a independência dos seus Ministros perante os demais atores políticos, mas também diante (ou contra) seus pares, cogitando-se as possibilidades de interação de modelos estratégicos ao caso brasileiro, diante das normas constitucionais, legais e regimentais que fixam a atuação dos membros do Tribunal. A hipótese geral é que o desenho normativo da corte assegura múltiplas opções aos magistrados na condução dos processos judiciais, promovendo estratégias voltadas a maximizar as chances vitoriosas de suas preferências, bem como reduzir os respectivos custos decisórios.

Eye-tracking and economic theories of choice under risk

We examine the ability of eye movement data to help understand the determinants of decision-making over risky prospects. We start with structural models of choice under risk, and use that structure to inform what we identify from the use of process data in addition to choice data. We find that information on eye movements does significantly affect the extent and nature of probability weighting behavior. Our structural model allows us to show the pathway of the effect, rather than simply identifying a reduced form effect. This insight should be of importance for the normative design of choice mechanisms for risky products. We also show that decision-response duration is no substitute for the richer information provided by eye-tracking.

Da Política Urbana: notas sobre a perda de potência do inovador discurso constitucional brasileiro

Este artigo aborda o escopo dos art. 182 e 183, do Capítulo II – Da Política Urbana da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988, e da Lei nº 10.257, de 10/07/2001, do Estatuto da Cidade, em face da reiteração da questão urbana no Brasil. Apoiado em pesquisa teórica e documental, pontua características da urbanização brasileira, realçando a segregação socioespacial e a financeirização da moradia; identifica sujeitos políticos envolvidos na produção, disputas e ordenação do território, enfatizando a gestão estatal urbana; coteja os direitos à cidade e à moradia, explicitando elementos da contradição entre o desenho normativo desses direitos e a sua concretização mediante políticas públicas urbanas. Conclui que o recuo do Estado, assumindo preceitos neoliberais, de modo cada vez mais aprofundado e autoritário, manifesta o malogro do entendimento da cidade como construção pública e da moradia como um direito socialfundamental presente na retórica do constitucionalismo brasileiro.

As agências reguladoras brasileiras e seus problemas jurídicos

A compreensão do desenho institucional que envolve as Agências Reguladoras Independentes no cenário regulatório americano e brasileiro é de extrema relevância para que possam ser feitas as comparações entre os modelos de ambos os países e sejam traçados paralelos que auxiliem na solução dos problemas de natureza jurídica enfrentados no cotidiano da regulação no Brasil desde a implementação das entidades. No estudo comparado das Agências Reguladoras e dos respectivos transplantes institucionais realizados, a identificação das peculiaridades políticas e jurídicas locais em confronto com o modelo importado pode auxiliar na mudança incremental do desenho normativo da regulação no Brasil, fortalecendo as instituições e promovendo, por consequência, o desenvolvimento econômico, político e social do país ao garantir um ambiente regulatório estável e dotado de segurança jurídica.