Normal Urination Research Articles

Retrograde ejaculation: can sperm retrieval be simpler and noninvasive?

Retrograde ejaculation: can sperm retrieval be simpler and noninvasive?

Transplacental exposure to antipsychotic drugs during pregnancy and megacystis in the fetus

Urinary retention is an adverse effect of antipsychotic drugs that has not been previously reported in the fetus. We have diagnosed megacystis in a fetus possibly caused by transplacental exposure to the antipsychotic drugs being administered to the mother. Two weeks after the mother stopped taking the drugs, the size of the enlarged fetal urinary bladder returned to normal. Sonographic examination of the neonate revealed an anatomically normal urinary tract, with a normal bladder capacity and urination.

Voiding and sexual dysfunctions after pelvic fracture urethral injuries treated with either initial cystostomy and delayed urethroplasty or immediate primary urethral realignment.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of the different immediate treatment modalities on the sexual and voiding functions in pelvic fracture urethral injuries. The records of 38 male patients with traumatic posterior urethral injuries were reviewed, 18 of whom were treated by initial suprapubic cystostomy and delayed repair (Group 1), and 20 by primary urethral realignment (Group 2). Types of pelvic fractures and urethral injuries were classified according to surgical and radiological findings. Long-term voiding functions were determined by the patient questionnaire, residual urine and uroflow. Sexual functions were also determined by the patient questionnaire and a penile duplex ultrasound study. Mean follow-ups of Groups 1 and 2 were 37 and 39 months, respectively. Membranous urethral disruption extending to the urogenital diaphragm was the most frequent urethral injury (type 3), with incidences of 66.7% and 77.7%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in mean age, incidence of pelvic fracture types and urethral injury types between groups (p > 0.05). After the immediate treatments, 16.7% and 55% of the patients regained normal urination, and stricture developed in 83.3% and 45% of the patients, respectively. In 44.4% of the patients in Group 1 and 10% in Group 2, urethral strictures required open urethroplasty (p < 0.05). Erectile impotence before urethroplasty in 17.6% and 20%, anejaculation after urethroplasty in 17.6% and 15% and incontinence in 5.6% and 10% of the patients were found in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (p > 0.05). However, 88.8% and 90% of patients eventually achieved normal urination with complete continence. Sexual and voiding dysfunction after pelvic fracture posterior urethral injury seem to be the result of the injury itself, not of the immediate treatment modalities. In urethral disruption injuries, primary urethral realignment seems more favourable than suprapubic cystostomy and delayed repair.

A refined method to evaluate diapers for effectiveness in reducing skin hydration using the adult forearm.

Excessive skin hydration resulting from wet undergarments is a major cause of diaper rash in children and contributes to severe dermatitis in incontinent adults. Advancements in absorbent technology have led to diapers and incontinent garments that not only absorb urine, but also transfer it to different regions, and lock it away from the skin. The purpose of the present study was to develop a reliable method to assess the effectiveness of absorbent articles in mitigating skin hydration. Disposable diapers with different absorbent structures were wrapped around the forearms of adult volunteers, loaded with urine substitute, and held in place for 1 h. Hydration of the volar region was measured by evaporimetry and compared with that of skin in the diaper region of children who had worn control loaded diapers in the usual way. The amount of fluid retained in various diaper layers and in the superabsorbent polymer core was measured. Evaporative water loss measurement on adult forearms was shown to be a reliable test for comparing the effectiveness of absorbent articles in preventing excessive skin hydration provided that 1) the complete garment was used and 2) fluid was loaded in a manner that simulated normal urination. Skin on adult forearms and skin in the diaper region of children were concordant in their response to wet diapers. Skin wetness was directly related to the amount of liquid retained in absorbent layers close to the skin.

Hypospadias repair in children: Review of 250 cases

Experience with 250 cases of hypospadias over the 6-year period 1986–1992 at the Athen's Childrens Hospital Aghia Sophia is presented. A successful outcome was seen in 87%, 13% developed complications, most of which were urethral fistulae. The operative techniques and methods of treating the fistulae are described. Patients received treatment in the preschool age group in one or two stages, depending on the method used and the presence or absence of chordee. The goals of the urethroplastic operation, penile straightening and the formation of a new urethra to permit normal urination with a wide range, were accomplished in the majority of cases.

Patterns of Urination and Rub-Urination in Female White-Tailed Deer

Urination and rub-urination frequencies of three free-ranging white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) were observed over a 9-month period to determine circannual and diurnal variations. Normal urination averaged 8.7/day while rub-urination averaged 1.2/day. Rub-urination most frequently occurred at night. Our observations support previous findings that urine is the primary source of the tarsal scent, and that frequent rub-urination onto the tarsal gland is necessary to maintain semiochemical cues.

A study of brain MRI findings and clinical response of bladder emptying failure in brain bladder

In 45 patients (38 males and 7 females; average age: 78 years) with brain bladder, who did not have any peripheral neuropathies and spinal disturbances, cerebral findings of MRI (1.5 T) T2 enhanced image were analyzed in comparison with those of 7 control patients with normal urination after BPH operations. Patients with neurogenic bladder were divided into three groups as follows: 33 patients with a chief complaint of urinary disturbance (Group I), 9 patients with urinary incontinence (Group II) and 3 patients with balanced bladder (Group III). High frequency of lacune (24%) of the globus pallidus and low signalling of the corpus striatum (30%) was found in Group I patients, but low frequency in other Group patients and control patients. Furthermore, pathologic changes with various grade in the globus pallidus were observed in 91% of Group I patients. In the treatment of urinary disturbance, a high improvement rate of micturition disorder (77%) was obtained in patients treated with a combination of dantrolene and TURp (TUIbn for females). However, patients which had clear lacune of the globus pallidus showed the low improvement rate. It should be possible that the globus pallidus contributes to control the movement of the external sphincter and the pelvic base muscles as well as other striated muscles. Moreover, lacune was rarely found in the urination center of the brain-stem on MRI.

REPARAÇÃO DE HÉRNIA PERINEAL EM CÃES COM PERITÔNIO DE BOVINO CONSERVADO EM GLICERINA

Foram utilizados 13 cães, machos, com idade entre 7 e 11 anos, de raças variadas, portadores de hérnia perineal. O exame radiográfico revelou que o principal conteúdo era a bexiga em retroflexâo. Para reparar as funções do diafragma pélvico, foi utilizado peritônico de bovino conservado em glicerina, sendo o mesmo fixado na cauda da pelve através de sutura simples contínua com fio de categute cromado n° 1. A micção normal foi restabelecida em todos os animais já no primeiro dia de pós-operatório. A orquiectomia foi realizada como medida coadjuvante em todos os animais. Não foi observado o processo de rejeição pós-cirurgico ao implante de membrana biológica.

Readjusting the loop tension for resolving postoperative urination difficulties and recurrent stress incontinence after stamey suspension of the vesical neck

Excessive tension of the vesical neck sutures produces postoperative urinary retention or difficulties in urination after anti-stress urinary incontinence operations. We have demonstrated that these complications after the Stamey operation and its modifications can be resolved by readjusting the suspending loops to an adequate tension under local anesthesia, since these operations use non-absorbable monofilament loops for the suspension of the vesical neck. The technique was also applied for the correction of insufficient suspension which caused persistent or recurrent stress incontinence after these operations. The procedure was performed for 7 patients with postoperative difficulties in urination, and for 7 with postoperative recurrence of stress incontinence, and all of them recovered normal urination without stress incontinence. These procedures have been performed successfully even 27 months after a Stamey operation. These cases suggest that a recurrence of stress incontinence, even several years after the Stamey operation, can be cured with our procedure, as long as the supporting tissue of the suspending loops is not damaged.

Analysis of urinary tract infections in hospitalized elderly patients, with particular reference to the use of diapers

We investigated the clinical and laboratory data of 215 hospitalized patients (mean age were 76.9 +/- 12.1) to analyze both the characteristics of senile UTI and the influence of the way of urination. UTI was present in 121 of 1897 patients (6.4%), 95 of whom (78.5%) were female. Comparison of the parameters between non-infected and infected patients were as follows: body temperature was 36.57 +/- 0.64 degrees C vs. 37.49 +/- 0.77 degree C; WBC, 5410 +/- 2040/microliters vs. 7260 +/- 3230/microliters; CRP, 1.2 +/- 2.4 mg/dl vs. 3.5 +/- 3.4 mg/dl; mean class of urinary RBC, 0-1/hpf vs. 3-5/hpf; and mean class of urinary WBC, 5-10/hpf vs. 30-50/hpf. All parameters were significantly elevated (p < 0.001) in the patients with UTI. The rate of detection of causative bacteria was 88.7%; with 14.8% Escherichia coli, 12.8% Providencia species, 9.6% Enterococci, and 8.7% Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Patients with UTI were divided into three groups according to their method of urination: normal urination, use of diapers and catheterization. Body temperature (> or = 37.5 degrees C) was 2.8%, 10.1% and 34.9%; WBC (> or = 9.000), 2.7%, 6.1%, and 14.3%; CRP, 16.9%, 36.1% and 51.1%; urine RBC (> or = 6-10/hpf), 8.4%, 7.1% and 36.1%; urine WBC (> or = 15-30/hpf), 20.4%, 44.4% and 76.9%, respectively. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05-0.001) between all parameters except for urine RBC between the normal-urination patients and diaper using patients. This investigation suggested that the use of diapers was a risk factor for UTI in elderly patients.

Hypospadias Repair: Preoperative Preparation, Intraoperative Techniques, Postoperative Care

The location of the defect and the need for surgery causes these children and their parents more emotional concern than the actual defect. Voiding usually prevents no problem, especially because they are still in diapers. Children this age are not affected by an altered body image, but their parents' are concerned about their children having an acceptable physical appearance and adequate future sexual competency. These fears can be transmitted to the children. It is important to communicate with the parents and the children about realistic expectations of the surgery--this will help avert problems later problems. The overall success rate to correct hypospadias is approximately 85%. The goals of hypospadias repair are restoration of normal urination, relief of chordee, assurance of a sexually adequate penis, and placement of the urethral meatus at the tip of the glans penis. A successful surgery will enable the child to void in the standing position by voluntarily directing the stream in the usual manner.

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy: A Procedural Review

AORN JournalVolume 47, Issue 1 p. 202-205 Clinical Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy A Procedural Review Charles Wayne Poore RN, Charles Wayne Poore RNSearch for more papers by this authorBeverly J. Graham RN, Beverly J. Graham RNSearch for more papers by this author Charles Wayne Poore RN, Charles Wayne Poore RNSearch for more papers by this authorBeverly J. Graham RN, Beverly J. Graham RNSearch for more papers by this author First published: January 1988 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-2092(07)70070-4Citations: 4AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume47, Issue1January 1988Pages 202-205 RelatedInformation

Continuous monitoring of bladder pressure in dogs in a completely physiological state.

Bladder pressure changes in the completely physiological state of dogs were recorded on voiding, coughing, defaecating, vomiting, etc, by a pressure transducer embedded in the submucosal layer of the anterior bladder wall. The static pressures in the standing and lying positions were almost the same at about 10 cm H2O and in the sitting position the pressures were about 30 cm H2O. The voiding pressure was recorded 28 times and ranged from 44 to 257 cm H2O (average 141). These data were higher than expected and we recommend further studies on the maximum voiding pressure. On voiding, various patterns of pressure curve were observed and in the monophasic pressure curve, which probably shows normal urination, there was a time difference between urine flow and voiding pressure curve. Our new method may be useful not only as a sensory device for neurogenic bladder patients but also as an experimental system to study the effect of drugs on autonomic nerves.

Anal and Urinary Control Device

Anal and urinary incontinence remains a major problem in spite of many efforts to correct it in the past. The present study describes the development of a new device for controlling anal and urinary incontinence and its successful use in 20 patients. The device is applied to the anorectal area in a noninvasive manner. It provides continence and, upon removal, allows normal bowel movement and urination. The cleaned device is then reapplied. The anorectal area tolerates the device well and no complications have been observed.

Use of Groin and Mid-Thigh Flap in Reconstruction of Penis with Penile and Perineal Urethra and a Dorsal Skin-Lined Socket for a Removable Prosthesis

Absent or deformed genitalia give rise to profound psychological complexes. In such cases reconstruction of the phallus can help the patient return to leading a normal life. A reconstructed penis must have a normal appearance, feel, and function, which up to now has not been completely possible. Using the method described herein, the penis was reconstructed from a groin and mid-thigh flap. It has a skin-lined tube placed ventrally for urination and has a dorsal skin-lined socket for insertion of a removable prosthesis for artificial erection. Seven stages are required for reconstruction, including reconstruction of a perineal urethra. Appearance of the reconstructed organ is acceptable. The erection device is simple, stable, and not costly, and normal urination and procreation are possible. Part of this method is also applicable for loss of erection and in reconstruction of a perineal urethra only.

Fracture/Luxations of the Sacrococcygeal Area in the Cat: A Retrospective Study of 51 Cases

Traumatic injury of the sacrococcygeal area occurs frequently in young cats of either sex. Case records of 51 cats with injury to this area that were treated at The Ohio State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital were reviewed. Injuries of other structures also were present in 84.3% of the cats. Temporary or permanent urinary incontinence was observed in 37 of the 51 cats. The prognosis was good for return of normal urinary function in cats that had anal tone and perineal sensation at the time of initial examination. Rear limb, tail, and urination dysfunction generally returned to normal within 1 month. Cats that were unable to urinate normally within 1 month after the injury did not recover normal urination habits during the 2 to 36 month follow‐up period.

Early detection of neurogenic bladder dysfunction caused by protruded lumbar disk

A case of cauda equina compression was suspected from urinary symptoms. The diagnosis was based on the presence of type A contraction on rapid cystometry and prolonged latency of the sacral evoked response. Such findings pointed to the need for myelography. Lumbar laminectomy with removal of a ruptured intervertebral disk and cauda equina decompression, resulted in return of normal urination and normal cystometry and electromyogram of the perineal muscles.

The modification of excessive frequency of urination: A case study

Excessive frequency of urination (preceded by an excessive urge to urinate) in a male student was treated by requiring him to refrain from urinating for progressively longer periods of time during a 12-hr period each day (Fixed Period) while allowing him to urinate freely during the remaining 12 hr (Free Period). Over a 31-week treatment period, urination frequency declined to within normal limits during both Fixed and Free Periods and normal urination frequency was maintained during a 1-year follow-up period.

Urinary Continence and Normal Urination Provided by Urethral and Sphincter Substitution with a Special Seromuscular Segment of Ileum in male and Female Dogs

Urinary Continence and Normal Urination Provided by Urethral and Sphincter Substitution with a Special Seromuscular Segment of Ileum in male and Female Dogs

Cinefluorographic Studies of the Bladder and Urethra in Women : II. Stress Incontinence

Abstract Cinefluorography has been adapted to the study of the bladder and urethra in women. From 500 to 2,000 frames can be made for each patient. Projection of these motion pictures provides a new technique for the study of normal and abnormal urination. Further study will be necessary before the method can be applied clinically.