Normal Total Cholesterol Levels Research Articles

Effect of statin on long-term outcomes in persistent tobacco users receiving percutaneous coronary intervention: A longitudinal, retrospective cohort study

The role of statins in improving cardiovascular outcomes is well established, but little is known about their impacts on long-term outcomes in persistent tobacco users with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) who receive percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A population of persistent smokers with CAD treated by PCI was analyzed. From 2012 through 2019, a cohort of 907 persistent tobacco users with stable CAD undergoing PCI were enrolled from the inpatient department of Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Taiwan. We surveyed statin users and non-statin users after index PCI, and general characteristics, major risk factors, angiographic findings, and long-term clinical outcome were compared. Kaplan–Meier curve was used to compare the survival difference and Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the predictors for all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events, including cardiovascular (CV) mortality, myocardial infarction, and repeated PCI procedures. The statin group had a higher average total cholesterol (P < .01) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level (P < .01) and was younger (P < .01) than the non-statin group. Ninety-six point one percent patients in the statin group had a LDL-C level below 100 mg/dL after treatment. They also had a more frequent history of acute coronary syndrome and lower prevalence of chronic kidney disease than the non-statin group (both P < .01). Freedom from all-cause and CV mortality were lower in the non-statin group than the statin group (both P < .01). After adjustment for age and chronic kidney disease, statin treatment no longer reduced the risk of CV mortality (hazard ratio: 0.32, 95% confidence interval = 0.07–1.49), but was still associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality (hazard ratio: 0.27, 95% confidence interval = 0.10–0.75). In persistent tobacco users undergoing PCI, patients treated with statin for LDL-C values above 100 mg/dL had a similar level of cardiovascular protection as those with LDL-C below 100 mg/dL and without statin treatment. Therefore, smoking attenuates pleiotropic effect of statin. Nevertheless, statin therapy was still associated with a reduction of all-cause mortality.

Is Liver Transplantation Alone an Effective Treatment for Homozygotic Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Children?

To examine the long-term results and treatment effectiveness of liver transplantation (LT) in the treatment of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) in children and adolescents. Patients who underwent LT due to HoFH between 2007 and 2023 were included in the study. The patients' demographic data, clinical findings, preoperative and postoperative laboratory examinations, transplantation complications, and postoperative disease courses were evaluated. There were five boys with an average age of 6.2 (median: 6, range 4-10) years in the study. The average total cholesterol level of the patients before transplantation was 923 (median: 950, range: 780-1002) mg/dL and the average LDL-cholesterol level was 864 (median: 852, range: 770-957) mg/dL. No patients died of transplant-related complications. After an average follow-up of 9.2 (median: 9, range: 1.5-16) years, the average total cholesterol level of the patients was 197 (median: 164, range: 137-359) mg/dL, and the average LDL-cholesterol level was 138 (median: 92, range: 85-313) mg/dL. Four (80%) patients developed atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease during follow-up, and two (40%) died of this cause. LT in the treatment of HoFH did not help our patients reach the target LDL-cholesterol level after transplantation and did not prevent the development of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, LT alone is not curative in the treatment of HoFH.

Cardiovascular risk evaluation using lipid profile and blood pressure among obese and non-obese individuals in India.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders that affect the heart and blood vessels. Identifying high-risk individuals is a primary goal of cardiovascular disease prevention. The aim is to examine risk factor on assessing lipid profiles and blood pressure, both in obese and non-obese individuals. This study took place over a year at a Tertiary Care Hospital, were investigated the lipid profile and blood pressure of obese and non-obese participants aged 30-60 years. The obese group had an average age of 43.2±6.3 years compared to 45.1±5.8 years in the non-obese group, indicating a slightly older population in the obese group. The non-obese group had an average total cholesterol level of 193.7 mg/dL, with a total cholesterol (TC) level of 209.3 mg/dL. When it came to LDL cholesterol, the obese group had a higher level of 137.4 mg/dL compared to the non-obese group with 121.3 mg/dL. Conversely, HDL cholesterol levels were lower in the obese group at 44.1 mg/dL than in the non-obese group at 49.1 mg/dL. Obesity is associated with lipid metabolism and hypertension disturbances, especially with effect on HDL-C reduction and TC, TG, LDL cholesterol to high level. Thus, lipid profile and blood pressure among obese and non-obese individuals help in cardiovascular risk evaluation.

The efficacy of multi-disciplinary lifestyle modifications in Taiwanese nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients.

Lifestyle modification is the standard of care for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of a short-term lifestyle modification program in the disease course of Taiwanese nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients with paired biopsies. All patients received a 6-month, strict multidisciplinary program of lifestyle modifications led by physicians, dieticians, and nursing staff. The histopathological and clinical features were assessed. The endpoints were normalization of transaminase levels, metabolic parameters, a decrease in the NAFLD activity score (NAS) ≥1, and a decrease in the fibrosis stage ≥1. We also aimed to elucidate the predictors associated with disease progression. A total of 37 patients with biopsy-proven NASH were enrolled. The normalization of transaminase levels increased from 0% to 13.5%. There were also significantly increased proportions of patients with normal total cholesterol, triglyceride, and hemoglobin A1c levels. Fifteen (40.5%) patients had an increased NAS ≥1, whereas 10 (27.0%) patients had NAS regression. Twelve (32.4%) patients had increased fibrosis ≥1 stage. Only 2 (5.4%) patients experienced fibrosis regression. A high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level was associated with NAS progression. Older age and higher transaminase and FPG levels were factors associated with fibrosis progression. Seven (18.9%) patients achieved a body weight reduction >3%, and 4 (57.1%) of them experienced NAS regression. No significant effect of weight reduction on the progression of fibrosis was observed. The short-term lifestyle modification program significantly decreased liver enzymes and metabolic parameters in NASH patients. A more precise or intensive program may be needed for fibrosis improvement.

Analysis of total cholesterol levels in public infrastructure and facilities officers (petugas PSU) in Kelurahan Rawa Buaya Jakarta Barat

Background: The basic need for food must be fulfilled by humans as a fulfillment of energy sources in carrying out activities. Consumption of fat macromolecules has the highest energy compared to other macromolecules. However, excessive consumption of fat can also increase cholesterol in the blood. Public Infrastructure and Facilities Officers (PPSU) do a lot of outdoor work so it is possible to have unhealthy eating habits such as frequently consuming fatty foods. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine qualitatively the distribution of total cholesterol levels in PPSU in Rawa Buaya Village. This research is descriptive-analytic. Materials and Methods: The research sample was obtained using a purposive sampling technique with inclusion and exclusion criteria involving 67 respondents. Results: The results showed that the majority of respondents were male, with 65 respondents (97%). From the results of the age group category, 24 people (35.8%) were dominated by respondents aged 31-40 years. Conclusions: The overall average cholesterol level of respondents is 201 mg/dL. If distributed by gender, female respondents have an average total cholesterol level of 237 mg/dl and men have an average total cholesterol level of 200 mg/dL.

Abstract P105: Blood Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Apolipoproteins With Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: A Prospective Study Among Multi-Racial Populations

Background: Blood lipids, such as total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), are well-known risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). However, studies that examined the associations of circulating lipids and apolipoproteins carried by different lipoproteins with incident CHD remain limited, particularly among racially diverse populations. Hypothesis: Potential novel lipoprotein biomarkers, other than TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C, are associated with incident CHD in diverse populations. Methods: We conducted nested case-control studies of CHD among White Americans (542 pairs; n =1084), Black Americans (622 pairs; n =1244), and Chinese adults (557 pairs; n =1114) drawn from the Southern Community Cohort Study and Shanghai Women’s and Men’s Health Studies. We examined the associations of 36 plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins (measured by Bruker IVDr NMR platform) with incident CHD using conditional logistic regression, adjusted for sociodemographics, lifestyle, family history of CHD, and menopausal status (women only). Race-specific odds ratios (ORs) were pooled using fixed-effect meta-analysis. Results: TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C were associated with incident CHD, with pooled ORs being 1.35, 1.31, 1.26, and 0.79 per 1-SD increase. Sixteen lipoprotein biomarkers showed larger effect sizes than those conventional lipids, with pooled ORs per 1-SD ranged from 1.37 to 1.59 and a negative OR of 0.77 ( Figure 1 ); all associations were significant within each race. Significant associations were observed across subpopulations defined by sociodemographics, lifestyle, and status of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, including among individuals with normal levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C. Conclusion: Our study identified several lipoprotein biomarkers (e.g., ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and LDL-TG) associated with incident CHD among multi-racial populations, suggesting potential clinical utility complementing the current lipid panel.

Abstract P178: Prevalence of Elevated LDL-C and Non-HDL-C in Adults With Total Serum Cholesterol in the Normal Range

Background: Normal serum total cholesterol (TC) based on standard lab definitions is typically considered <200 mg/dL. However, normal TC levels do not indicate optimal levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) or non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), the two measures most associated with risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Methods: This study included all adults ≥18 years of age in NHANES from 1999-2018 without ASCVD and with TC <200 mg/dL while not on lipid-lowering therapy (n = 11,843). We evaluated age-adjusted, survey-weighted prevalence of LDL-C ≥100 mg/dL or non-HDL-C ≥130 mg/dL in the total population and within subgroups. Results: Among adults with normal TC, half (95% CI 48.5-51.3%) had either LDL-C ≥100 mg/dL or non-HDL-C ≥130 mg/dL. Among all subgroups, the highest prevalence of elevated LDL-C or non-HDL-C was seen in adults with elevated triglycerides (85.5% [95% CI 80.0-91.0%] for those with triglycerides > 400 mg/dL and 67.0% [95% CI 64.0-69.9%] with 150-400 mg/dL) or metabolic syndrome (66.2%, 95% CI 63.2-69.1%). A higher prevalence of elevated LDL-C or non-HDL-C was also seen in adults who were male, 40-80 years of age, or of Hispanic ethnicity, as well as those with pre-diabetes, diabetes, or elevated body mass index (Table). Prevalence of elevated LDL-C or non-HDL-C was substantially lower with decreasing levels of TC, ranging from 37.4% (95% CI 36.0-38.8%) for adults with TC <190 mg/dL down to 0.2% (95% CI 0.0-0.5%) for adults with TC <150 mg/dL (Table). Conclusions: Among adults free of ASCVD with TC <200 mg/dL and not on lipid lowering therapy, half have elevated serum LDL-C or non-HDL-C. Current definitions of normal TC are therefore insufficient to identify ASCVD risk in the general population, particularly those with metabolic syndrome, elevated blood glucose or triglycerides, or increased body weight. Lower goals for normal TC and increased emphasis on non-HDL-C should be considered as part of public health measures for primary prevention.

Characteristics of hypertension in type 2 Diabetes mellitus patient at Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic Prof. Dr. I. G. N. G. Ngoerah General Hospital in 2022

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that often occurs alongside hypertension. Hypertension itself is a risk factor for vascular complications related to type 2 DM which will reduce the patient's quality of life in the long term. This study aims to determine the characteristics of hypertension in type 2 DM patients. The research design was descriptive observational study using a total sampling technique by taking secondary data from medical record. The research sample was type 2 DM patients at the Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic Prof. Dr. I. G. N. G. Ngoerah General Hospital in 2022 who meets the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis using Microsoft Excel and SPSS programs. Of the total 154 samples, hypertension in type 2 DM was mostly found in the 50-59 year age group (43.5%), male gender (62.3%) with duration of type 2 DM in the category <10 years (84.4%), normal total cholesterol levels (67.5%), abnormal LDL cholesterol levels (67.5%), normal triglyceride levels (59.1%), abnormal HDL cholesterol levels (63%) and normal e-LFG levels (51.9%). Further analysis is needed to determine the relationship between research variables and treatment history for dyslipidemia and kidney disease.

Analysis of the metabolic profile and comorbidities in women with endometriosis before and after surgical treatment

Aim: this study aimed to evaluate the effects of surgical treatment for endometriosis on the metabolic profile of women diagnosed with deep endometriosis. Methods: we conducted a prospective observational study with a sample of 30 women in the menacme diagnosed with deep endometriosis who underwent videolaparoscopic surgery in a reference center in Brazil between October 2020 and December 2021. A total of 30 women performed clinical and laboratory tests regarding their metabolic profile on two occasions, during preoperative tests and six months after video-laparoscopy. Results: patients had lower average levels of Total Cholesterol (TC), Low-Density Cholesterol (LDL-c), Triglycerides (TGC), and Fasting Glycemia (FG) after the surgical procedure. The average TC level was 8.2% lower after surgery, LDL-c was 12.8% lower, TGC was 10.9% lower, and FG was 7.3% lower. The results showed a statistically significant difference for all these parameters (p < 0.001). Conclusions: video-laparoscopy was associated with a favorable lipid profile compared to the preoperative lipid profile, with a significant improvement in the average levels of LDL-c, HDL-c, TC, TGC, and FG. Long-term follow-up studies are needed to determine whether surgical treatment for endometriosis can improve the metabolic parameters of women with endometriosis and favor a lower predisposition to atherogenesis.

Coronary artery calcium score as independent risk factor of obstructive coronary artery disease.

Aim: To prove an independence of CAC score comparatively to conventional risk factors such as age, and dyslipidemia especially in patients under forty years of age. Materials and Methods: Thirty-four asymptomatic adult patients with no prior established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus or severe comorbidities, except of complex clinical examination, underwent CT scan with evaluation of coronary artery calcium score. Results: The average total cholesterol level in the group was (5.62±1.02) mmol/l, indicating the presence of dyslipidemia. The average HDL level was (1.26±0.24) mmol/l, suggesting an average risk of atherosclerosis. The average LDL levels were within the borderline range at (3.63±1.01) mmol/l. The average triglyceride level was within the safe range at (1.93±1.08) mmol/l. The atherogenicity coefficient indicated a moderate risk of atherosclerosis with an average value of 3.64±1.31. The average coronary artery calcium score was 56.71±143.85, indicating minor plaques and a moderate risk of coronary artery disease. Correlation analysis revealed no significant correlation between age and the CAC score (r=0.1, p>0.05). However, reliable direct correlation of weak strength was found between the CAC score and LDL level (r=0.35, p<0.05). Direct correlations of weak strength were also observed between age and the levels of total cholesterol, LDL and the atherogenicity coefficient (r=0.43, 0.49, 0.42 respectively, p<0.05). Conclusions: Coronary artery calcium score is a valuable screening tool for identifying potential obstructive coronary artery disease, not only for individuals aged forty and above, but also for younger asymptomatic patients.

Oral administration of Arctium tomentosum Mill. CO2-extract alleviates the diet induced metabolic disorder in mice

Nowadays, the metabolic disorder exists along with other pathological conditions, such as hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia and gain of the excess abdominal fat. It has negative impact on human health, but especially the liver health. The present work was designed to study the liver supporting effect of ATE on mice with high-fructose and high-sucrose diet induced metabolic disorder. The study was conducted on mice, divided into following groups: NC; untreated MD; group with MD treated by ATE at the doses 50, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively. As a result, the liver supporting effect of ATE at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg was shown in the values of body weight, relative weight of the liver, kidneys and epidydimal fat. The same was observed in plasma biochemistry, in which groups treated with ATE showed normal levels of triglycerides, total and low-density cholesterol, ALT, AST. The treatment by 400 mg/kg ATE significantly inhibited the lipid accumulation and hepatocytes degeneration in the liver histological structure. In conclusion these findings provide the potential therapeutic usefulness into the effects of ATE in the treatment of metabolic disorder. Furthermore, it suggests that ATE has hepatoprotective effect which is conducted via its antioxidant properties.

Statin Use and Its Effects on Survival Outcomes and Rates of Gvhd in Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant Patients: Results from Real-World Cohorts

Introduction: The effect of statin use in allogeneic stem cell transplant remains unclear. There have been conflicting results in studies examining the impact of statins on engraftment, graft-versus-host-disease, survival, and long-term outcomes in stem cell transplant recipients. Methods: Retrospective data was extracted using the TriNetX database. The primary endpoint was overall survival at 5 years, risk of death, and graft-versus-host-disease in the two cohorts. Results: 5045 patients were identified in cohort-1 (statin cohort) and 10,181 patients were identified in cohort-2 (non-statin cohort). Table-1 shows patient characteristics at baseline. Propensity-score-matching was used to balance the two cohorts. Patient count in each group after matching was 3702 (Table-2). Overall survival was 59.32% in cohort-1 versus 48.55 % in cohort-2, with HR of 0.685 (95% CI 0.634, 0.740) in favor of cohort 1 (Figure-1). Median OS for cohort-1 was not reached versus 1593 days for cohort-2. Risk of death in cohort-1 and 2 was 0.311 and 0.4 respectively (Figure-2), with a risk difference for the death of -0.089 (95% CI, -0.110, -0.067, p-value &amp;lt;0.001), in favor of cohort-1. Risk of graft-versus-host-disease was 0.648 and 0.674 in cohort-1 and 2 respectively (Figure-3), with a risk difference of -0.026 (95% CI -0.054, 0.002, p-value 0.065), and risk ratio of 0.961 (95% CI 0.921, 1.003). Survival-probability was higher at 5 years in cohort-1 regardless of presence or absence of GVHD. Conclusions: Our retrospective analysis of a large patient cohort showed improved OS and decreased risk of death with statin use in allogeneic stem cell transplant patients, regardless of presence or absence of GVHD, even though the average total and LDL cholesterol levels were higher in statin-group. The difference in graft-versus-host-disease was not statistically significant in both cohorts, however, there was a trend towards decrease GVHD in statin-cohort. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first large database based study evaluating the effect of statin use on outcomes in patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplant. Phase 3 clinical trials are needed to further answer this question.

Jatobá-do-cerrado (Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart.) pulp positively affects plasma and hepatic lipids and increases short-chain fatty acid production in hamsters fed a hypercholesterolemic diet

This study aimed to assess the impact of jatobá pulp, in its fresh (FJ) and extruded (EJ) forms, on lipid metabolism and intestinal fermentation parameters in hamsters. In a 21-day experiment, we determined the parameters of the animal lipid metabolism and colonic production of short chain fatty acids in four different groups. Control (C), fresh pulp (FJ) and extruded pulp (EJ) were fed using hypercholesterolemic diets, and the reference (R) was fed using AIN93 meal. R and C diets contained cellulose, FJ and EJ were added by jatobá pulp as a fiber source. The results showed that FJ and EJ exhibited lower levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-c, non-HDL-c serum levels, liver lipids, and liver weight compared to C. The EJ had higher bile acid excretion in stool than the C. EJ and FJ exhibited lower excreted fiber compared to R and C, implying greater fermentation. Furthermore, the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the cecum of FJ and EJ animals exceeded that of the C. Acetic and propionic acids were more abundant in the FJ and EJ diets, with FJ producing more butyric acid than the other groups.In conclusion, jatobá pulp maintained at normal levels of total cholesterol, LDL and HDL-associated cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, and serum triglycerides, while also reducing the accumulation of hepatic lipids. Jatobá also promoted SCFA formation and fermentation, making it a valuable ingredient for preventing chronic diseases.

AKTIVITAS ANTIDISLIPIDEMIA EKSTRAK ETANOL HERBA PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica L. Urb) PADA TIKUS WISTAR JANTAN OBESITAS YANG DIINDUKSI PAKAN TINGGI LEMAK DAN KARBOHIDRAT

Dyslipidemia is an abnormality that occurs in the lipid profile. Obesity can affect lipid profile levels such as increased levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (KT), Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), and decreased High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), known as dyslipidemia. This study aimed to determine the antidyslipidemic activity of the ethanol extract of Centella asiatica herb in rats induced by a high fat and carbohydrate diet. This research is an experimental prevention method using 6 groups of test animals that were induced for 60 days (except the normal group) accompanied by the administration of the test substance 2 hours before the induction was carried out. Group 1 as a normal control was only given Na-CMC, group 2 as an induced control was only given Na-CMC, group 3 was given fenofibrate suspension 18 mg/Kg BW, and groups 4-6 were given ethanol extract of Centella asiatica herb at a dose of 50 mg/Kg, 100 mg/Kg, and 200 mg/Kg BW. Parameters for examination of lipid profile levels including levels of TG, KT, HDL, and LDL were carried out on day 0 and day 60. The results showed that the administration of the ethanolic extract of Centella asiatica herb at a dose of 200 mg/Kg was effective in providing activity in maintaining normal levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL. It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of Centella asiatica has antidyslipidemic activity in a rat model induced by a high fat and carbohydrate diet.

Overview of Total Cholesterol Levels at Productive Age in the Imbanagara Health Center Working Area

Background &amp; Objective: Total cholesterol is the total amount of HDL, LDL, and VLDL cholesterol in each deciliter of blood. Risk factors that can affect total cholesterol levels are age, gender, sleep patterns, genetics, physical activity, and body mass index. This study aims to determine the description of total cholesterol levels in productive age in the Imbanagara Health Center Working Area. Method: This research method is descriptive research with a purposive sampling technique and involves 31 respondents the instrument used is a photometer. This research was conducted in the Imbanagara Health Center working area from May to June 2023. Result: The results showed that the total cholesterol levels of 31 respondents, were 25 people (81%) with normal total cholesterol levels, 5 people (16%) with high threshold total cholesterol levels, and 1 other person (3%) with high total cholesterol levels. Conclusion: It can be concluded that of the 31 respondents in the Imbanagara Health Center work area, the average has normal Total Cholesterol results.

Sex differences in cholesterol and triglyceride levels among hospitalized adolescents and young adults with eating disorders.

To determine sex differences in cholesterol and triglyceride levels among adolescents and young adults hospitalized for medical complications of eating disorders. A retrospective electronic medical record review of patients aged 9-25 years admitted to the University of California, San Francisco Eating Disorders Program for medical stabilization, between 2012 and 2020, was conducted. Non-fasting total cholesterol and triglycerides were collected; however, LDL and HDL levels were not available. Among 83 males and 441 females, mean ± SD age was 15.5 ± 2.8 years, 64.1% had anorexia nervosa, and admission percent median body mass index was 87.3 ± 13.9. The proportion of males and females with high total cholesterol (13.3% vs. 18.1%, Cramer's V = 0.05, p = .28) and high triglyceride levels (9.6% vs. 8.1%, Cramer's V = 0.02, p = .63) did not differ. Mean total cholesterol levels were higher in females compared to males (F 169.6 ± 41.1 mg/dL vs. M 154.5 ± 45.1 mg/dL, Cohen's d = 0.36, p = .003), although a majority were within the normal range. In adjusted linear regression models, male (compared to female) sex (B = -14.40, 95% CI -24.54, -4.27) and higher percent median body mass index (B = -0.33, 95% CI -0.60, -0.06) were associated with lower total cholesterol levels in adjusted models (R2 = 0.04). Building on prior work showing equally severe complications of eating disorders in males compared to females, we did not find sex differences in those presenting with high total cholesterol or triglycerides. Future research is needed to understand the pathophysiology and role of dyslipidemia in acute malnutrition, and the impact of nutritional rehabilitation and weight restoration. We found that the proportion of male and female adolescents and young adults hospitalized for medical complications of an eating disorder with high total cholesterol did not significantly differ. Although average total cholesterol levels were higher in female compared to male patients with eating disorders, a majority of these levels remained within the normal range. Patients with more severe malnutrition had a higher risk of elevated total cholesterol levels. Clinicians should consider monitoring cholesterol levels in young people hospitalized for restrictive eating disorders.

Upaya Mengenali Sindrom Kardiometabolik melalui Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat

Introduction: The Healthy Adjusted Life Expectancy Index (HALE) for 2019 for the Indonesian population is 62.8 years lower than the 71.3 years for standard life expectancy; this is due to the lack of quality of life in Indonesia. The profile of the population in Central Java for the elderly category every year is similar to the increase on a national scale. The fact that the elderly are still working to earn a living indicates that their welfare level is still low. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are often the cause of premature death before the age of 70. Cardiovascular disease is the number-one killer in the world. Cardiometabolic syndrome is characterized by at least three things: abdominal obesity, increased plasma glucose, increased blood pressure, increased triglycerides, and decreased HDL cholesterol. A study on five members found an average total cholesterol level of 168.9 mg/dl and an average blood pressure of 125.4/80.9 mmHg. Objective: The aim of this community service is to increase awareness and the health status of members of the hypertension care group in Mersi Purwokerto. Methods: This community service method involves coordination with the chief of the hypertension care group, making leaflets, and preparing tools and materials for cholesterol examination. Results: This community service received good active participation from members of the hypertension care group in Mersi, Purwokerto. Overview of the risk of metabolic syndrome in community service participants, namely 32 DM sufferers (55.2%), 25 hypertension sufferers (43.1%), and 45 with high total cholesterol levels (77.6%). Conclusion: The results of this community service are expected to be a screening for participants who have a high risk of cardiometabolic syndrome and a desire to continue to make active and healthy lifestyle changes.

КЛИНИКО-ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ЖЕНЩИН – ПАЦИЕНТОК АМБУЛАТОРНОГО ПРИЕМА ЛИПИДОЛОГА

Introduction. Lipid metabolism disorders are one of the most important factors contributing significantly to the probability of developing cardiovascular diseases, death from coronary heart disease and mortality of the population. Aim. To identify the features of anamnestic, clinical and laboratory parameters in female patients of the lipid cabinet and to determine the frequency of detection of familial hypercholesterolemia in them. Material and methods. The study included 777 female patients of the outpatient appointment of a doctor of the lipid cabinet. The examination of patients with dyslipidemia included an examination by a cardiologist-lipidologist (with the calculation of the risk of cardiovascular complications on the Systemic COronary Risk Evaluation scale, the probability of familial hypercholesterolemia on the British Simon Broom scale and the criteria of the Dutch lipid clinics. Results and discussion. The total number of 777 patients were 63% of the total number of patients in the lipid cabinet; aged 19-90 years old, average age 58.49±9.48. The average level of total cholesterol was 7.74±1.98 mmol/l, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 4.84±1.4 mmol/l, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 1.46±0.44 mmol/l, triglycerides 1.61±1.42 mmol/l, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 6.32±1.97 mmol/l. In 23% of patients, lipid metabolism disorders are secondary. Atherosclerosis of brachiocephalic arteries was diagnosed in 68.4% of patients, hypertension was in 41.4%. 15.1% of patients were diagnosed with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Conclusions. The most significant for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in women with lipid metabolism disorders were body mass index, burdened family history, duration of menopause and level of physical activity. Smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, external signs of dyslipidemia were not associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.

Effect Of Combination Decafeinated Green Tea and Green Coffee In Reducing Cholesterol Levels In Patients With Metabolic Syndrome

Background: Green tea and green coffee are natural ingredients that improve cholesterol levels. Combining the two in experimental animal studies provides more significant benefits when compared to single administration in reducing cholesterol levels. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of decaffeinated green tea and green coffee as adjuvant treatments in reducing blood cholesterol levels. Methods: This randomized controlled trial included 90 metabolic syndrome patients determined according to the IDF criteria for Asian people aged 50–70. All subjects received atorvastatin 20 mg and were divided into three groups. Participants in Group 1 received decaffeinated green tea and green coffee 2.5 grams twice daily, Group 2 received 5 grams daily, and Group 3 received a placebo. The total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and triglyceride levels were measured at the beginning and the end of the study. Results: At 90 days, after administration of the extract of decaffeinated green tea and green coffee, we found that the concentration of total cholesterol in Group 1 and Group 2 was significantly reduced compared to the placebo (-50 ± 6.1 vs. -62.8 ± 5.9 vs. -22.5 ± 5.8 mg/dL; p= &lt;0.05). But there was no significant difference in reduction of total cholesterol levels between the first and second groups. The other parameters also decreased, but not significantly compared to the placebo group. Conclusion: Administration of a combination of decaffeinated green tea extract and green coffee as an adjunctive therapy can reduce the average total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglyceride levels more than placebo, but only total cholesterol has a significant difference compared to other cholesterol components.

Kadar Kolesterol Darah Total Pada Pasien Rawat Jalan Laki – Laki Usia 40 Sampai Dengan 70 Tahun Di Rumah Sakit TNI AU LANUD Sam Ratulangi Manado

The type of fat that is best known by parents or the public that can cause disease is cholesterol. According to Yogendra Kumar, 2021, normal total cholesterol levels in the blood are in the range of 140-200 mg/dl, while high total cholesterol levels are between 200-400 mg/dl. Men aged 40 years and over with high serum cholesterol levels, namely cholesterol &gt; 200 mg/dL and LDL cholesterol &gt; 130 mg/dL, have a high risk of stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD). Based on WHO data for 2015, Yusvita and Shinta (2018) reported that globally there were 17.7 million deaths due to heart and blood vessel disease. Data collection was carried out based on the results of blood cholesterol examination in every man aged 40 to 70 years. This research approach is descriptive. The samples taken amounted to 30 people according to the criteria and are willing to be respondents. This research method uses total sampling. From the results of the study it was found that high total cholesterol levels were &gt; 200 mg/dl at ages 40-55 years with 6 respondents out of 12, while those aged 56-70 years only amounted to 4 respondents out of 8. This shows that the percentage of ages 40-55 and 56-70 is not much different or the same. Total blood cholesterol levels in men aged 40 years to 70 years have normal values ​​or &gt; 200 mg/dl with a percentage of 60% and 40% having high value or &gt; 200 mg/dl from 30 respondents or outpatients who were sampled . High total blood cholesterol levels or &gt; 200 mg/dl have a risk of stroke and coronary heart disease, while normal total blood cholesterol levels or &lt; 200 mg/dl have a low risk. This basic research is expected to be a reference for further or other research and can be useful for readers, especially men aged 40 to 70 years.