Normal Self-esteem Research Articles

Stigma and self-esteem: A case of HIV-positive sex-workers.

Stigma associated with sex work and HIV can be easily recognized in public reactions towards the members of discriminated groups. Nevertheless, there are only a few studies examining the impact of discrimination to the self-esteem of individuals who suffer the coexistence of multiple stigmatizing conditions. In our case, the unprecedented stigmatization of sex workers through the media as a menace of public health as well as criminals due to their seropositivity should be examined with respect and scientificity. The sample consisted of the 27 women found to be HIV positive. The small number of subject and the uniqueness of the situation made necessary the use of qualitative research method. Data were collected of through a semi-structured interview during which personal and medical history was taken and Rosenberg self-esteem scale was completed. Information for each domain of interest was systematically collected from multiple interview guide items. Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis was used to analyze data derived from qualitative interview (IPA). Four main categories emerged from the horizontal analysis of the interviews referring to the mechanism used by those women in order to cope with stigma and protect their self-esteem, a description of their felt stigma and feelings about seropositivity, as well as the existence of self-destructive behaviors. The existence of a normal self-esteem on the majority of those women is well explained by the use of certain coping strategies in order to confront the enacted stigma, such as the avoidance of self-blame for their condition (HIV-positive), the disregard of public's discriminating comments and behaviors, the acknowledge of their competence in specific issues they have to deal with in their everyday life, in common with the existence of a strongly supportive network. Despite those women's felt stigma, structured by community's discriminating approach of their families and their feelings of helplessness and incompetence to protect their beloved, their self-esteem is not harmed and the frequency of selfdestructive behaviors remained stable, possibly as a result of those coping mechanisms developed early in their lives. The circle of stigmatization that emerged through the stories of those women is not an isolated social phenomenon related only to prostitution and drug use. This is the reason why educational programs, access to HIV care services and efforts towards de-stigmatization would benefit the society in multiple levels, and would ultimately strengthen the effort of combating the global AIDS epidemic.

The analysis of self-attitude in cosmetological patients with low self-esteem

The features of self-attitude in cosmetological patients were studied in the research. Contingent and methods of research . The study was carried out on the base of medical center “CA-CLINIC” (city Kiev) during 2014 – 2016 years. Testing included 204 women, who addressed for cosmetological help. The interrogated persons were divided in groups depending on the level of self-esteem: the main group included persons with low self-esteem (MG, n=108) and group of comparison – women with normal self-esteem (CG, n=96). Psychodiagnostic instrument is the questionnaire of self-attitude by V.V. Stolin and S.R. Pantileev. Results . It was revealed, that women with low self-esteem had lower levels of global self-attitude, self-respect, autosympathy, self-interest, expected attitude of others, self-confidence, readiness to self-perception, self-understanding, self-management and the highest one – self-accusation as opposite to the interrogated with normal self-esteem. The women with low self-esteem in their self-attitude expressed the negative setting as to the own Me, incertitude in own physical and psychological qualities, did not understood their negative features or overstated their value, were inclined to self-accusation and expressed the acute desire to change themselves. Self-attitude in women with low self-esteem was disharmonic and characterized with high level of self-rejection, decrease of self-respect and self-understanding, alienation of subjectively negative features, exaggeration of own defects. Conclusions . Cosmetological patients with low self-esteem form the separate category of clients and need the use of medical-psychological arrangements, directed on harmonization of disharmonic self-attitude

Self-esteem and Anxiety among Nursing Students

Self-esteem, a feeling of self-worth is an essential quality that promotes the self confidence and helps the individuals to handle stressful situations without anxiety and hassles. As student nurses are the beginners in the nursing profession, the nurse educators should help them face the demands of profession with courage and confidence. Thus the present study was aimed at assessing the self-esteem and anxiety among the student nurses. Quantitative non experimental design was used. The 52 participants were selected by non probability purposive sampling method. Majority 81% had normal self-esteem and 10(19%) had low self-esteem, and 58% were normal without anxiety, 10 (19%) with moderate anxiety, 8(15%) with mild anxiety and only 4(8%) with severe anxiety. There was no significant difference in the self-esteem and anxiety between the groups. There was a negative correlation between self-esteem and anxiety with r =-0.303 and significant at p<0.05.

Assertiveness, Self-esteem and Stress among Nursing Students

Being assertive helps the nursing students to control and handle stressful situations in a healthy manner which boosts their personal power, self confidence and self esteem. The study aimed at assessing the assertiveness, self-esteem and stress among nursing students. Quantitative Non experimental descriptive design was used for the study. Non probability purposive sampling was used to select 64 subjects for the study. Majority 98% of the study subjects were somewhat assertive, 64% had normal self-esteem, 69% had moderate stress and 25% had severe stress. There was a significant difference in the assertiveness between first and the second year with a mean difference of 11.556 at p<0.05. There was a significant difference in the self-esteem between first and third year with a mean difference of 2.732, and between the first year and internship with a mean difference of 3.160 at p<0.05. There was no significant difference in stress between the groups.

A Descriptive Study on Self-Esteem among Nurses Working in Selected Hospitals of Udupi and Mangalore Districts Karnataka, India

Self-esteem is the extent to which we deem our value, worth, and competence as a person. It factors significantly in how we view ourselves and the manner in which we progress through life. Nurses with healthy self-esteem are likely to deliver therapeutic patient care, while those with low selfesteem are less likely to do so. Objectives of the study were to determine self-esteem among nurses and to find its association with selected variables. The study population consisted of 1040 registered nurses working in selected medical college hospitals and government hospitals of Udupi and Mangalore districts. Descriptive survey design was used to conduct the study. Purposive sampling was used to select the samples. Data were gathered by administering background proforma and self-esteem questionnaires. Majority of the subjects had normal self-esteem i.e.813 (78.2%) and 211(20.3%) had low self-esteem. Self-esteem of nurses had significant association with area of work and, daily working hours with regard to work variables.

A CORRELATIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLBEING AND SELF-ESTEEM AMONG ADULT CHILDREN OF MENTALLY ILL PARENT/S IN SELECTED HOSPITAL OF UDUPI DISTRICT

Abstract Introduction: Caregivers across the world, who are often unrecognised and under supported, are deeply and personally impacted by the care they provide. The recognition of high levels of caregiver morbidity demands a holistic approach and nurses need to be more responsive to the needs of carers and care-recipients rather than focussing on the patient alone. Aims and Objectives: to determine the psychological wellbeing of adult children with mentally ill parent/s, to assess the level of self-esteem of adult children of their mentally ill parent/s, and to find the relationship between psychological wellbeing and self-esteem. Study design: descriptive correlational study design. Methods and materials: study was conducted among 63 adult children of mentally ill parents by using convenient sampling technique. A survey approach was used for the study. Tools used for the study were Demographic Proforma, Psychological wellbeing scale, and Rosenberg's self-esteem scale. Results: Majority, 35 (55.6%) of the samples were found to be having high psychological wellbeing. 27 (42.9%) of the samples were intermediate psychological wellbeing and only 1 (1.6%) participant was having low psychological wellbeing. Majority (68.3%) of the samples were found to be having normal self-esteem. (30.2%) of the samples were with low self-esteem and only (1.6%) participant was having high self-esteem. There is no significant correlation was found between psychological wellbeing and self-esteem (r = 0.044, p= 0.730).

Susceptibility to eating disorders among collegiate female student-athletes.

Research has suggested that the prevalence of young women with eating disorders (EDs) is increasing, but determining the exact prevalence of EDs within the female student-athlete (FS-A) population is difficult. Looking at certain traits may help us to identify their level of susceptibility to developing an ED. To determine the susceptibility of FS-As to EDs in relation to self-concept, including self-esteem and body image. Cross-sectional study. Athletic training and health centers at National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I, II, and III institutions via e-mail questionnaire correspondence. A total of 439 FS-As from 17 participating institutions completed the questionnaires. The sample was primarily white (83.1%) and underclass (61.8%). The questionnaire consisted of 4 parts: 3 subscales of the Eating Disorder Inventory-2, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Body Cathexis Scale, and demographic items. A total of 6.8% of FS-As were susceptible to anorexia and 1.8% were susceptible to bulimia. The majority of FS-As (61%) reported normal self-esteem levels, whereas 29.4% had high self-esteem. Overall, 64.5% were satisfied and 23% were very satisfied with their body image. These results are generally positive in that they suggest FS-As have high levels of self-concept and are at low risk to develop EDs. However, these findings do not mean that all concerns should be dismissed. Although more than 90% of the respondents were not susceptible to an ED, there are still FS-As who may be. Athletic departments should evaluate their FS-As' levels of self-concept so that their susceptibility to EDs can be addressed. The emotional aspect of health care should be included in providing holistic care for student-athletes. Athletic trainers often are the primary health care providers for FS-As, so they should be made aware of this concern.

Religious and spiritual beliefs, self‐esteem, anxiety, and depression among nursing students

Research of the role of religious belief and/or spirituality has been conducted on a wide range of health-related topics, across many disciplines, and in many countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between religious beliefs, self-esteem, anxiety, and depression in nursing students in Cyprus. One hundred and twenty-three nursing students were asked to complete a survey consisting of four self-report questionnaires (Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, The Royal Free Interview for Religious and Spiritual Beliefs, and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale). The lowest levels of depression were observed in the third and fourth study year. Normal self-esteem levels were found in the majority of the students (71.3%) and most of them perceived current stress at mild levels. No significant differences on the basis of sex were observed. The vast majority (98.2%) of the students stated a strong religious and/or a spiritual belief that was strongly positively correlated with increased self-esteem and negatively correlated with depression, current stress, and stress as personality trait.

622 – Suicidal tendencies in a community sample of adolescents in the region of prizren

Introduction In many countries suicide is one of the leading causes of death among children and adolescents. Identifying young people at risk and offering effective treatment is a major concern of mental health policies. Objectives To look for the presence of suicidal thinking, plans and attempts in adolescents. Aims Measure the presence of suicidal tendencies having in mind possible correlation with psychological difficulties (measured by SDQ), level of depression, hopelessness and self-esteem of adolescents in one school sample. Methods The sample of adolescents at school have been offered to fill out CESD, Hopelessness scale for children, Rosenberg self-esteem scale, SDQ questionnaire and four item adopted questions about suicidal tendencies. All data has been analyzed by SPSS 14.0. Results In the sample of 768 adolescents (12-20yr, mean Age=17, 52) 22, 1% of them declared suicidal thinking, 3, 9% planed and 2, 2% attempted. About third of them didn’t find any reason for these tendencies. Females showed more suicidal tendencies but significantly only for thinking. Tobacco, alcohol and marihuana users have significantly more suicidality. Youths who declared more test anxiety have significantly more suicidal thinking. Significantly association is found between suicidal tendencies and psychological difficulties (emotional, conduct, hyperactivity and peers problems). Depression and high hopelessness also have significances. Suicidality is significantly higher in youths with normal self-esteem. Conclusions Suicidality is much presented in our sample and showed significantly association with substance use, psychological difficulties, hopelessness, depression and normal self-esteem.

The Psychological Burden of Idiopathic Adolescent Gynecomastia

For a population of adolescents, gynecomastia is a persistent problem. Occurring during a critical period in the formation of self-image and gender identity, this gender-incongruent process may disrupt normal psychological development. This study was designed to identify the prevalence of psychological disturbances in young male patients presenting with symptomatic gynecomastia to determine whether psychological examination should be included as a routine portion of this patient population's treatment. From 2002 to 2009, patients aged between 10 and 18 presenting to our institution for idiopathic adolescent gynecomastia were recruited to participate in a retrospective cohort study. All patients underwent psychological interviews conducted by the same clinical psychologist (C.W.) and were examined using the following metrics: the Children's Depression Inventory, the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children, and the Child Behavior Checklist. All patient scores were compared against population norms. Twenty-four patients between the ages of 12 and 18 were observed. Compared with the general population, measures of anxiety, depression, and social phobia were significantly elevated in patients with gynecomastia; 100 percent of patients with gynecomastia received a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV diagnosis. Idiopathic adolescent gynecomastia is a psychological threat to normal self-esteem and sexual identity. Patients presenting with this condition likely suffer an adjustment disorder subsequent to this anatomic stressor. Surgeons should strongly consider referring their patients with gynecomastia for psychological evaluation and treatment as an adjunct to successful surgical management of this condition. Future studies examining the postoperative effects on psychological health both with and without psychological treatment will be of great interest to treating physicians. : Risk, IV.

Perceptions of Self‐Esteem in a Welfare‐To‐Wellness‐To‐Work Program

The study investigates welfare recipients' perceptions of personal self-esteem in relationship with their participation in a welfare-to-wellness-to-work program. The cross-sectional, mixed-methods design examined a convenience sample of 33 participants who attended a welfare-to-wellness-to-work program called Work Wellness: The Basics that is based in an agency called Wellness Works!. A demographic survey, Rosenberg's Self-Esteem scale, and qualitative interviews were used. Even with normal self-esteem scores, the participants credited the program with decreasing negative thoughts and improving self-esteem. The themes identified include program, self-esteem, mental health, and domestic violence. Information about the benefits of a holistic wellness program and its relationship with self-reported enhanced self-esteem can be used to assist with health promotion, policy, and the development of innovative programs that assist with transition from public assistance.

Implicit attributional style revisited: Evidence for a state-specific “self-decreasing” implicit attributional style in patients with persecutory delusions

Introduction. Although evidence suggests a discrepancy between the implicit and explicit attributional style (AS) in persons with persecutory delusions, this line of research has also produced conflicting findings. Thus, the aim of this study was to explain inconsistent results in implicit AS by introducing a modified assessment of implicit AS, which offered three attributional loci (internal, personal, and situational) instead of two (internal and external) as in previous studies and by investigating the associations between implicit AS, implicit self-esteem, explicit AS, and explicit self-esteem. Methods. Patients with acute persecutory delusions, patients with remitted persecutory delusions, and nonclinical controls were assessed in their implicit and explicit AS and implicit and explicit self-esteem. Results. Deluded patients presented an implicit “self-decreasing” AS compared to remitted patients and controls: They attributed negative events more towards themselves and positive events more towards situational factors, whereas their explicit self-serving AS was comparable to controls. Patients' implicit self-decreasing AS was associated with low implicit self-esteem. In addition, compared to remitted patients and controls, deluded patients presented low explicit and normal implicit self-esteem. Conclusions. The results shed light on the inconsistent findings in previous studies and indicate that persecutory delusions might be fed by implicit self-decreasing AS and an unstable self-esteem.

PW01-106 - Evaluation of the effect of religiosity on mental health of nursing students in northern Greece

IntroductionReligious and spiritual beliefs are widely recognized as important components of human wellness, of health care outcomes and of holistic medical and nursing care. There are controversial data suggesting a correlation between religiosity and mental health disorders among young adults and students. Aim of the study was to determine the association between self-esteem, depression and religious and spiritual beliefs among nursing students in Thessaloniki, Greece.MethodsA total of 122 students agreed to participate in the study. Data was collected using the Greek versions of three self-administered, structured, pre-tested questionnaires: I) The Royal Free Interview for Religious and Spiritual Beliefs II) Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and III) Rosenberg self-esteem scale.ResultsSelf-esteem was found normal in 89,3% of the students, low in 10,7%, but it is important to notice that nobody reported high self-esteem levels. The vast majority of the students (61,5%) reported both religious and spiritual beliefs. 27% reported only religious beliefs and 9% only spiritual beliefs. 31,9% of the students perceived depressive symptoms, most of them in mild levels (19,5%). Praying, religious reading and religious attendance were associated with normal self-esteem and low depressive symptoms. However, a consistent negative correlation was found between intrinsic religiosity and depression.DiscussionThese findings indicate that religious and spiritual variables influence the psychological well-being of students. Religiosity may have a protective role against depression; however, our study sample is relative small and further studies are required in order to evaluate the effect of religious beliefs on the mental health of students.

Weight concern, body image, and abnormal eating in college women tennis players and their coaches.

In order to study weight concerns and eating disorders in women tennis players, 107 women tennis players and 26 women's tennis coaches from colleges across the U.S. responded to questionnaires relating to weight concern, body image, and abnormal eating. When evaluating drawings of female figures, players and coaches both considered the ideal body shape to be smaller than the healthiest one. Most players had normal weight, eating habits, and self-esteem; however, they also exhibited noticeable concern about their weight and appearance. Coaches revealed only moderate knowledge of weight related issues, believed such knowledge to be important, recognized that most of their players were of normal weight, and revealed somewhat negative feelings about overweight people. Players and coaches shared a healthy attitude toward tennis. The results of this study do not imply that college women tennis players are at greater risk of eating disorders than other young women, nor that college coaches are encouraging abnormal eating behaviors

Does ethnicity constitute a risk factor in the psychological distress of adolescents with cancer?

To determine if ethnicity constitutes a risk factor in the psychological distress of adolescents with cancer, ethnic comparisons (Hispanic versus Anglo) were made on four psychological measures administered to 54 adolescents with cancer. Data from the largely Mexican-American San Antonio sample were then compared to test scores from a largely Anglo Los Angeles sample. A San Antonio subsample of 25 adolescents with cancer who received behavioral intervention for relief of treatment-related distress were retested on these psychological measures at six months following intervention and test score changes were compared to those found in a similar Los Angeles study. No ethnic differences were found on any measure. The Los Angeles findings of normal trait anxiety and self-esteem in adolescents with cancer and the findings that adolescents with cancer perceive little control over their health and the significant impact of their illness were similar to those in San Antonio. Reasons for the even higher impact of illness found in the San Antonio sample are discussed. Adolescents from both sites demonstrated similar reductions in their trait anxiety scores following behavioral intervention. We conclude that ethnicity per se does not appear to have a major influence on the experience of cancer in adolescents. Nevertheless, our findings suggest that membership in a minority group and a clinic's attitudes toward ethnic differences may play important roles in acceptance or rejection of behavioral intervention and thus merit investigation.