Normal Hysterosalpingography Research Articles

Tubal Patency: Hysterosalpingography Compared With Laparoscopy

Laparoscopy was done about three months after hysterosalpingography (HSG) in 121 patients complaining of infertility. Normal patency was found with both technics in 71 patients (58.6%). In 23 of the 97 patients with a normal HSG, however, peritubal or tubal disease was observed at the time of laparoscopy (false-negative results, 19%). Twenty-four tubal obstructions (19.8%) were detected by HSG (16 distal and eight proximal) but five distal and four proximal obstructions were not confirmed by laparoscopy (false-positive results, 7.4%). In addition, laparoscopic evaluation demonstrated endometriosis in 31 cases, polycystic ovaries in six, and uterine fibroids in five.

A Comparison of Hysterosalpingography and Endoscopy in Evaluation of Tubal Function in Infertile Women

A comparison of hysterosalpingography (HSG) with endoscopy in the evaluation of tubal function in 117 infertile women is presented. Results were in accord in 55% of the patients. Correction for endoscopic error and the limitations of HSG increased the positive correlation to 74%. Twenty-three patients (20%) with abnormal findings at HSG were normal with endoscopy. Ten patients (8%) had normal HSG but abnormal endoscopic findings. Fifteen patients (12%) with positive findings by HSG had different positive findings at endoscopy. Additional endoscopic findings in 47 patients are listed. Review of 26 patients with endoscopy-confirmed endometriosis revealed that 14 (54%) had a normal HSG and normal history and pelvic examination. Although HSG should be the method of choice as part of the basic evaluation, an infertile woman should undergo endoscopy before the evaluation is considered complete or final.

A Comparison of the Results of Hysterosalpingography and Laparoscopy in the Diagnosis of Fallopian Tube Dysfunction

A comparison of the diagnosis of tubal dysfunction by hysterosalpingography (HSG) under sedation and laparoscopy under general anesthesia (6 months after HSG) in 207 women showed the results were not in agreement in 54% of the cases. In 35 patients (17%) peritubal abnormality diagnosed by HSG could not be confirmed by laparoscopy. 38 patients (18%) had a normal HSG but later laparoscopy revealed pathological tubal conditions. Performing tubal corrective surgery only on HSG findings is not recommended.(AUTHORS MODIFIED)