Work Norms Research Articles

Social and pedagogical challenges for the modern family: actualization of the problem

The article reveals the essence of the social and pedagogical problems of the modern family. The research states that the family is an important institution for the formation, development and upbringing of a child, the main carrier of social and cultural practices, promotes preservation of traditions and values, and develops work skills, moral principles, norms and rules of conduct. The study has characterized positive factors of raising a child in a family: ensuring the inclusion of a child in a specific social group, which includes different age, gender, professional subsystems; promoting the development of children’s primary ideas about life goals and values and assimilation of general cultural norms of behavior in the society; formation in the growing personality of the image of own “I”; laying the foundations of the child’s character and attitude to work, moral and cultural values, formation of a set of habits and behavior stereotypes, and initial preparation to perform in the future the role of a responsible parent. The research has identified and described the negative factors influencing the upbringing of children in the family. They include unfavorable psychological climate in the family; mutual alienation of the older and younger generation; weakening and disruption of family, parental and marital ties; reduction of the authority of parents and importance of family values, which significantly affects the well-being of a child in the family; lack of knowledge of parents about the psychological and pedagogical features of the development of children of different ages; lack of unified requirements for the upbringing of children in the family and undemanding attitude to children; violation of partnership relations with the school or unwillingness to establish them; use of ineffective forms and methods of education and inability or unwillingness to use new, progressive forms, methods and means of education, etc. The article defines functions of family upbringing: reproductive, primary socialization, emotional and psychological support, protective, economic, and educational. These functions are carried out within the family ecosystem, which, in turn, is characterized by the following criteria: resourcefulness; self-esteem; self-actualization; effective functionality; internal self-control and self-regulation; empathy; focus on a positive and effective response to adverse external challenges; emotional and psychological communication of all family members; career and professional sphere; combination or change of family roles; social protection of the family (provided by the interaction with the institutions of labor, education, health, culture, state); health-preserving technologies to ensure sanitary, hygienic and ecological well-being, and culture of interaction with nature. The research highlights the areas of partnership and cooperation between the family and school. They include awareness of the importance of close integration of the family and school to obtain a quality result of interaction; development of the scientific foundations of psychological and pedagogical interaction based on the principles and provisions of modern pedagogical science; development of the theory of effective management of the system of pedagogical interaction of the family and school, etc.

\u201cI may be essential but someone has to look after my kids\u201d: women physicians and COVID-19

ObjectivesThis paper analyzes results from focus groups held with women physicians in British Columbia which explored questions around how gender norms and roles influenced their experiences during COVID-19.MethodsFour virtual focus groups were organized between July and September 2020. Participants (n = 27) were voluntarily recruited. Data were analyzed using applied thematic analysis.ResultsIn addition to the COVID-19-related changes experienced across the profession, women physicians faced distinct challenges related to an increase in unpaid care responsibilities, and often felt excluded from, and occasionally dismissed by, leadership. Women leaders often felt their contributions were unrecognized and undervalued. Participants drew strength from other women leaders, peer networks, and professional support, but these strategies were limited by unpaid care and emotional labour demands, which were identified as increasing risk of burnout.DiscussionEven though women physicians hold a degree of relative privilege, unpaid care work and gender norms contribute to distinct secondary effects of COVID-19. Women physicians link these to pre-pandemic assumptions (within families and communities) that women would absorb care deficits at their own cost. Health system leadership continues to reflect a masculine normative experience wherein the personal and professional are separated, and which devalues the emotional labour often associated with feminine leadership. The strategies participants employed to address negative impacts, while demonstrating resourcefulness and peer support, reflect individualistic responses to social-structural challenges. There is a need for greater recognition of women’s contributions at home and work, increased representation in decision-making, and practical supports such as childcare and counselling.

Working from Home: Impact on Wellbeing and Work-Life Balance

Working from home (WFH), teleworking, or telecommuting has become a new work norm since the Covid-19 pandemic. Many organisations are showing an interest in testing a hybrid work style when the pandemic is over; a mix of WFH with office-based work has the potential to improve work-life balance (WLB). Organisations across the globe quickly adopted WFH to maintain their business continuity during the pandemic. However, it co-concurred with particular occupational health and safety (OHS) concerns. Our research review shows that the frequency of WFH is significantly related to its impact on WLB. Women, specifically, are more likely to find it challenging to maintain balance between office work and domestic responsibilities. Additionally, WFH leads to personal costs for many, for example, maintaining a suitable workstation setup at home. The continuous demand for up-skilling/re-skilling due to fast improving technology and job satisfaction is another example of the risk to workers’ wellbeing.
 This research paper reviews the most important risk determinants of WLB due to WFH. We discuss that workplaces should align their strategies in the longer term to support employees’ wellbeing risk management. Employers, employees – women particularly – should use this rapid change as an opportunity to learn and grow.

Who Goes on Disability when Times are Tough? The Role of Work Norms among Immigrants

We consider how work norms affect the likelihood of people receiving Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) in response to worsening economic conditions. By focusing on immigrants in the US, we can examine the influence of work norms in a person's home country, which we argue are exogenous to labor market prospects in the US. We find that the probability of receiving SSDI benefits is more sensitive to economic downturns among immigrants from countries where people place less importance on work. We also provide evidence that this result is not driven by differential labor market sensitivities to the business cycle or differences in other characteristics that might be correlated with norms.

Забезпечення якості польового етапу дослідження під час проведення соціологічних опитувань

The article presents the role of the field phase in the general process of sociological research and the factors which influencing the quality of sociological information. One of the main components of sociological research is the field phase. It includes the collection of primary sociological information, also the recruitment of interviewers, instruction/training, collection of information and control the quality of work. The article considers the influence of interviewers’ work on the quality of sociological research results, features of their work, selection and training. A review of publications on this issue among both foreign researchers and Ukrainian scientists. The author of the article tries to answer the question of what an interviewer should be, what qualities he should have in order to perform his work professionally and ensure the quality of the collected sociological information. According to the author, in addition to professional knowledge and skills, a moral and ethical quality is important in the work of the interviewer. Ethical norms of sociological work are fixed in a number of normative documents, among which one of the main is the Code of professional ethics of a sociologist of the Sociological Association of Ukraine, as well as international documents. Also, the article discusses the effect of the interviewer, which occurs when using any method of sociological research, but it is most evident in face-to-face surveys. The article argues that the quality of interviewers is an important issue in sociological research, is interdisciplinary and needs attention not only from research companies but also from scientists working on the methodology and methods of collecting sociological information.

Method of biocontrol of vehicle driver fatigue

This article describes an example of negligence of drivers transporting passengers and methods of solving it using modern inventions. One of these troubles is driving a car and moving passengers by taxi driver in a tired state. Since not every driver can correctly assess their psycho-physical condition, so to do this, scientists began to create devices for tracking human behavior when he drives vehicle. The purpose of implementing driver fatigue monitoring systems is to ensure road safety and preserve lives and property of citizens. The use of these systems is to facilitate the work of emergency services and taxi company owners, taxi drivers and their passengers. In our article we want to touch on the problem of overwork, specifically taxi drivers, since their work activity is socially significant and non-compliance with the norms of work and rest periods can lead to tragic consequences. Modern taxi drivers often rely on a strong body of car and electronic gadgets in an unexpected situation on the road. Therefore, when driving a car, despite being overworked, they allow themselves to relax beyond the limit and dont react in time if an emergency occurs. We have studied options for implementing driver fatigue monitoring systems and offer to install them on a taxi car.

Japan’s Younger Generations Look for a New Way of Living

As post-growth Japan hesitates between stagnation and change, its young people are opting out of traditional career paths and seeking lifestyles with greater personal freedom. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced Japanese society to change in some respects, but institutional and corporate leaders remain reluctant to embrace reforms to work and gender norms and in many other areas. Yet social changes are occurring at the grassroots level, as younger Japanese pursuing new opportunities are moving from cities to the countryside, others head overseas in pursuit of more diverse careers and living arrangements, and some among the growing ranks of social introverts turn themselves into successful game developers and writers.

Anaerobic Capacity Measures In Active Healthy Adults Ages 18-29: Normative Reference Values And Differences Between Sex

We previously reported that the modified Anaerobic Speed Test (mAST) is a valid and reliable measure of an anaerobic capacity that can be administered on commercial treadmills. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop normative reference values for mAST, an anaerobic capacity test that can be administered and completed on a commercial treadmill. The mAST (15% grade and 244.0 m/min speed for men and 214.6 m/min speed for women) has been created as one of the only protocols based on the original AST protocol (20% grade and 214.6 m/min speed for men and 187.8 m/min speed for women). However, no percentile norms currently exist for the mAST protocols, limiting their usefulness and interpretation of results. This study presents normative values for active healthy adults ages 18-29, separated by sex. METHODS: We recruited 276 healthy subjects for this study: 161 males (mean ± SD, age = 23 ± 3 yr, height = 178 ± 7 cm, body mass = 80 ± 10 kg) and 115 females (age = 22 ± 3 yr, height = 165 ± 7 cm, body mass = 65 ± 10 kg) aged 20 to 29 years. All mASTs were completed on a motorized commercial gym setting treadmill for determination of subjects’ time (seconds) and total work (kJ). RESULTS: Time until fatigue was 47 ± 10 sec for women and 38 ± 13 seconds for men. Women fatigued at 80.8% of the total time men did (p < .05). Total work for women (12.8 ± 4.3 kJ) was 57.1% of the values observed in men (22.4 ± 5.53 kJ) (p < .05). Women’s mass corrected work (0.20 ± 0.070 kJ/kg) was 71.0% of men (0.28 ± 0.06 kJ/kg) (p < .05). Normative reference value tables were generated for time and both absolute (kJ) and relative values (kJ/kg) for total work (Table 1). CONCLUSIONS: The norms for time and total work produced from this study are considerably practical because of the use of both male and female active healthy populations and the use of a commercial treadmill.

Challenging Assumptions About What Works to Improve Organizational Gender Diversity

Despite decades of scholarship, major investments, policy changes, and the tireless efforts of practitioners, achieving greater gender diversity is still on the to-do list of many organizations. Although the causes of gender inequality have been understood for some time (e.g., gender stereotypes and prejudice, masculine work norms; Eagly & Karau, 2002; Ibarra, Ely, & Kolb, 2013; Kanter, 1977), many current practices used by organizations (e.g., bias trainings, grievance procedures) have proven insufficient to produce meaningful change. As a result, women are still excluded from many professions and high-status roles within them. This symposium offers four new perspectives on improving gender diversity, introducing new theory and challenging our assumptions about: (1) how wise interventions can offset gender disparities; (2) the consequences of experiencing chronic concerns about confirming negative gender stereotypes on women’s collective action efforts; (3) which formal mentorship programs are most effective at increasing diversity; and (4) the role of chauvinistic supervisors in perpetuating sexist thinking. Together these talks provide managers with new tools to address gender inequality and encourage them to more wisely use the ones they already have. Wise Interventions as a Starting Point for Bringing About Gender Equity in the MBA Classroom Presenter: Jennifer Kim; U. de los Andes, Colombia Presenter: Joel Brockner; Columbia U. Presenter: Caryn J. Block; Teachers College, Columbia U. Stereotype Threat’s Silver Lining: Predicting Women’s Support for Gender Balance Presenter: Clarissa Cortland; UCL School of Management Presenter: Zoe Kinias; INSEAD Mentoring Programs that Work Presenter: Alexandra Kalev; Tel Aviv U. Presenter: Gal Deutsch; Tel Aviv U. Presenter: Frank Dobbin; Harvard U. Presenter: Kwan Woo Kim; Harvard U. Prototype Alignment: A Method for Reducing the Influence of Chauvinistic Leaders Presenter: Felix Danbold; UCL School of Management Presenter: Corinne Bendersky; U. of California, Los Angeles

“It’s like dying but not being dead” U.S. newspaper journalists cope with emotional and physical toll of job losses

Since 2008, U.S. newspaper jobs have been cut 51%, forcing journalists to seek new jobs and possibly careers. This study examined how journalists who lost their newspaper jobs (N = 306) navigated the emotional and physical toll of unemployment and adjusted to new work norms. Furthermore, this article examined how displaced journalists managed after returning to the workforce. Implications here might be indicators of what to expect for those who lost their jobs during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The use of text mining to detect key shifts in Japanese first-year medical student professional identity formation through early exposure to non-healthcare hospital staff

BackgroundProfessional identity formation is nurtured through socialization, driven by interaction with role models, and supported through early clinical exposure (ECE) programmes. Non-healthcare professionals form part of the hospital community but are external to the culture of medicine, with their potential as role models unexplored. We employed text mining of student reflective assignments to explore the impact of socialization with non-healthcare professionals during ECE.MethodsAssignments from 259 first-year medical students at Fukushima Medical University, Japan, underwent hierarchical cluster analysis. Interrelationships between the most-frequently-occurring words were analysed to create coding rules, which were applied to elucidate underlying themes.ResultsA shift in terms describing professional characteristics was detected, from “knowledge/skill” towards “pride [in one’s work]” and “responsibility”. Seven themes emerged: contribution of non-healthcare professionals, diversity of occupation, pride, responsibility, teamwork, patient care and gratitude. Students mentioning ‘contribution of non-healthcare professionals’ spoke of altruistic dedication and strong sense of purpose. These students expressed gratitude towards non-healthcare professionals for supporting clinical work, from a doctor’s perspective.ConclusionSocialization with non-healthcare professionals provides important insights into the hospital working environment and cultural working norms. Through role modelling altruism and responsibility, non-healthcare professionals positively influenced student professional identity formation, promoting self-conceptualisation as a doctor.

Money or meaning? Labor supply responses to work meaning of employed and unemployed individuals

We analyze to what extent work meaning – the significance of a job for others or for society – increases the willingness of employed and unemployed individuals to accept a job. To this end, we elicit reservation wages for a one-hour job and randomly vary its description as having either ”high” or ”low” meaning. Our subjects participate in the ”Panel Study of Labour Market and Social Security” (PASS), which comprises a random draw from the German population and a random draw of unemployed individuals from the unemployment register. We can thus link subjects’ experimental behavior to rich survey data and control for selection into the experiment. For subjects who consider work meaning as very important (around one third of PASS respondents), high-meaning reduces the reservation wage by around 18 percent. By contrast, among unemployed individuals, work meaning increases the reservation wage by around 14 percent. We discuss how work meaning can have both positive and negative effects on labor supply when it interacts with fairness concerns or work norms.

INSTABILITY OF SOCIAL AND LABOR RELATIONS AND EMPLOYMENT PROBLEMS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The article is devoted to the analysis of the consequences in the social and labor sphere, which were caused by the outbreak of the coronavirus infection COVID-19. The changes in labor relations during the pandemic and the benefits of the new regulation norms of the remote work are investigated. The impact of working remotely on the social and labor sphere and the prospects for the development and implementation of effective remote mechanisms over the next ten years are analyzed. In a pandemic situation, remote work has proven to be an important factor for business ongoing activity, with benefits in the form of reduced commuting time, the ability to focus on work tasks away from distracting office aspects, and finding an optimal work-life balance. The study concluded that creating decent job opportunities is only possible with the appropriate socio-economic policies.

Humanism Counseling: Finding Gaps in the Concept of Religious Guidance and Counseling in Indonesian Government Regulation (Normative Study of Government Regulation No. 111/2014)

This paper finds and explains the side of the discussion of religion in government regulation no. 111/2014. The results show that there is no vacancy in the discussion of religion in this regulation. One of the functions of guidance and counseling services is understanding, which is to help counselees have a better understanding of themselves and their environment (education, work, culture, and religious norms). In its application, guidance and counseling services in educational units as a whole are packaged into four service components, one of which is the basic service component, where the main objective is an effort to help counselees have awareness (understanding) of themselves and their environment (education, work, social culture, and religion). While the concept of communication guidance and counseling services that religion is a fixed(intended)and services that are not fixed (unintended), which subsequently gave birth to concepts counseling humanism.

Humanism Counseling: Finding Gaps in the Concept of Religious Guidance and Counseling in Indonesian Government Regulation (Normative Study of Government Regulation No. 111/2014)

This paper finds and explains the side of the discussion of religion in government regulation no. 111/2014. The results show that there is no vacancy in the discussion of religion in this regulation. One of the functions of guidance and counseling services is understanding, which is to help counselees have a better understanding of themselves and their environment (education, work, culture, and religious norms). In its application, guidance and counseling services in educational units as a whole are packaged into four service components, one of which is the basic service component, where the main objective is an effort to help counselees have awareness (understanding) of themselves and their environment (education, work, social culture, and religion). While the concept of communication guidance and counseling services that religion is a fixed(intended)and services that are not fixed (unintended), which subsequently gave birth to concepts counseling humanism.

“I Hate It Here”: Mental Health Changes of College Students Living With Parents During the COVID-19 Quarantine

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and college campus closure in early 2020, students returned to live at home in unprecedented circumstances. A sample of 336 college students reported about their experiences living at home and the extent to which they perceived their mental health declining during the stay-at-home order (quarantine). Multiple regression analysis indicated that being a freshman (compared to a senior), having more negative interaction with a parent, fearing for one’s own and one’s family’s health, perceiving less parental acceptance about being home, having low autonomy, and displaying less positive coping (not working to improve one’s self and strengthen family relationships, more idleness) associated with self-reported decreases in mental health during quarantine. Thematic analysis of open-ended responses suggested that students viewed the quarantine as relevant to their mental health, especially because of positive or negative family experiences, and to a lesser degree disruption of education and work norms.

Огляд останніх напрацювань з удосконаленої кошторисної нормативної документації на дорожні роботи

Introduction. In the modern conditions of the pricing system in the construction of Ukraine, the key value have the estimated norms, which are presented in separate collections, the main purpose of which is to determine the standard quantity of resources required to perform a particular type of work as a basis for the transition to the cost indicators. In order to determine the cost of road work objectively and accurately, it is essential that the indicators of estimated norms meet the requirements of regulatory documents and modern methods of execution of road works.Problematics. In connection with the active improvement of the regulatory base of the road construction industry, permanent upgrade of road organizations technique fleet, the introduction of new technologies and materials in construction and operation of roads, improving the methods of work there is a discrepancy between the existing resource element of estimated norms and the actual conditions of work in terms of built-up labor costs, the operation time of machines and mechanisms and the range of materials. Accordingly, it affects the reliability and accuracy of determining the cost of road works.Purpose. Improvement and harmonization with actual working conditions and requirements of regulatory documents of industry regulatory and estimate base of resource elementary estimated norms for work performed during construction, reconstruction, repair and operational maintenance of roads and bridges to ensure reliable and valid technical, economic and estimated calculations.Materials and methods. During work performance the analysis of the regulatory documentation, establishing the requirements to the technology of road works and materials has been carried out. A number of chronometric observations with the measurement of time of road works in full-scale conditions was carried out. The obtained data were summarized, averaged and on their basis the indicators of the resource element of the estimated norms were estimated.Results. A review of the main amendments and additions, which came into force after the approval of Amendment No 2 SOU 42.1-37641918-035:2018 [1] and Amendment No 2 SOU 42.1-37641918-071:2018 [2], which were developed to improve the regulatory-estimate base for the calculation of road works, taking into account the requirements and provisions of existing regulatory documents taking into account the current state of scientific and technological progress in the road sector.Conclusions. The above analysis of the amendments that came into force with the approval of [1]. and [2] will systematize the innovations provided by the requirements of current regulatory documents on the calculation of the cost of road works and the development of relevant documents at all stages of the investment process, planning and organization of road works, as well as the writing-off of material resources. Review and systematization of recent improvements in the estimated regulatory documents for road works will provide an opportunity to optimally plan the use of available material, labor and financial resources, often limited.Keywords: public road, operational maintenance, investment documentation, overhaul and current repairs, machine, mechanism, regulatory document, resource element estimate norm, Standard of Organization of Ukraine.

Why is women\u2019s utilization of a publicly funded health insurance low?: a qualitative study in Tamil Nadu, India

BackgroundThe continuing impetus for universal health coverage has given rise to publicly funded health insurance schemes in lower-middle income countries. However, there is insufficient understanding of how universal health coverage schemes impact gender equality and equity. This paper attempts to understand why utilization of a publicly funded health insurance scheme has been found to be lower among women compared to men in a southern Indian state. It aims to identify the gender barriers across various social institutions that thwart the policy objectives of providing financial protection and improved access to inpatient care for women.MethodsA qualitative study on the Chief Minister’s Comprehensive Health Insurance Scheme was carried out in urban and rural impoverished localities in Tamil Nadu, a southern state in India. Thirty-three women and 16 men who had a recent history of hospitalization and 14 stakeholders were purposefully interviewed. Transcribed interviews were content analyzed based on Naila Kabeer’s Social Relations Framework using gender as an analytical category.ResultsWhile unpacking the navigation pathways of women to utilize publicly funded health insurance to access inpatient care, gender barriers are found operating at the household, community, and programmatic levels. Unpaid care work, financial dependence, mobility constraints, and gender norms emerged as the major gender-specific barriers arising from the household. Exclusions from insurance enrollment activities at the community level were mediated by a variety of social inequities. Market ideologies in insurance and health, combined with poor governance by State, resulted in out-of-pocket health expenditures, acute information asymmetry, selective availability of care, and poor acceptability. These gender barriers were found to be mediated by all four institutions—household, community, market, and State—resulting in lower utilization of the scheme by women.ConclusionsHealth policies which aim to provide financial protection and improve access to healthcare services need to address gender as a crucial social determinant. A gender-blind health insurance can not only leave many pre-existing gender barriers unaddressed but also accentuate others. This paper stresses that universal health coverage policy and programs need to have an explicit focus on gender and other social determinants to promote access and equity.

WORKERS LEGAL PROTECTION IMPLEMENTATION WITH A SPECIFIC TIME WORK AGREEMENT AT GRAFITECINDO CIPTA PRIMA COMPANY

Implementation of PKWT according to Law no. 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower states that the PKWT work relationship requires a written agreement in Indonesian and may not be for permanent work in the company which, if violated, will result in changing the work relationship to PKWTT. Likewise with the rights to wages, working time and employee participation in the BPJS. Meanwhile, the terms of work are regulated in a Work Agreement or Collective Bargaining Agreement. Workers Union at PT. GCP, namely GSPMII, has succeeded in overseeing the implementation of PKWT in the form of fulfilling work norms and conditions for PKWT workers in companies and also guaranteeing continuity to work at the company. Although there are still violations where the sanctions for violating the PKWT mechanism, namely changing the status to PKWTT, cannot be implemented so that there is a work agreement that always continues, but in the mind of the labor union, it is a solution to guarantee the continuity of work for PKWT workers in the company. This study limits the discussion to the problem of implementing PKWT at PT. GCP is in accordance with Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower and how the role of PUK GSPMII PT. GCP in overseeing the fulfillment of work norms and conditions and providing guarantees for the continuity of employment of contract workers in the company. This thesis research uses the empirical normative legal method where the authors conduct research on the application of labor law at PT. Grafitecindo Ciptaprima, where the researcher is in charge of the trade union. Employers must comply with the legal rules regarding the PKWT mechanism, including the fulfillment of temporary work norms and conditions for trade unions must have a good understanding and strategy in dealing with the problem of violating the PKWT mechanism, not only prioritizing legal certainty but also but also it would be better if it prioritizes the principles benefit, especially for workers.

PELAKSANAAN PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PEKERJA DENGAN PERJANJIAN KERJA WAKTU TERTENTU DI PT. GRAFITECINDO CIPTAPRIMA (PT. GCP)

Implementation of PKWT according to Law no. 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower states that the PKWT work relationship requires a written agreement in Indonesian and may not be for permanent work in the company which, if violated, will result in changing the work relationship to PKWTT. Likewise with the rights to wages, working time and employee participation in the BPJS. Meanwhile, the terms of work are regulated in a Work Agreement or Collective Bargaining Agreement. Workers Union at PT. GCP, namely GSPMII, has succeeded in overseeing the implementation of PKWT in the form of fulfilling work norms and conditions for PKWT workers in companies and also guaranteeing continuity to work at the company. Although there are still violations where the sanctions for violating the PKWT mechanism, namely changing the status to PKWTT, cannot be implemented so that there is a work agreement that always continues, but in the mind of the labor union, it is a solution to guarantee the continuity of work for PKWT workers in the company. This study limits the discussion to the problem of implementing PKWT at PT. GCP is in accordance with Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower and how the role of PUK GSPMII PT. GCP in overseeing the fulfillment of work norms and conditions and providing guarantees for the continuity of employment of contract workers in the company. This thesis research uses the empirical normative legal method where the authors conduct research on the application of labor law at PT. Grafitecindo Ciptaprima, where the researcher is in charge of the trade union. Employers must comply with the legal rules regarding the PKWT mechanism, including the fulfillment of temporary work norms and conditions for trade unions must have a good understanding and strategy in dealing with the problem of violating the PKWT mechanism, not only prioritizing legal certainty but also but also it would be better if it prioritizes the principles benefit, especially for workers.