Nordic Race Research Articles

Darwinisme social et eugénisme anglo-saxons

This paper focuses on the “sociology of struggle” between groups, sometimes called social Darwinism, in the Anglo-Saxon world, and the development of eugenic thought and measures.Eugenics developed in the last quarter of the 20th century as a reaction against what was called the “survival of the unfit” in modern urban life conditions. Its founder, Francis Galton, considered eugenics as a religious ideal, a science, and a practical technique, which aimed at increasing the number of the “well born” and limiting the number of the unfit. In The Passing of the Great Race (1916), Madison Grant extended the idea of “unfit” to entire races.The feeling of racial superiority of the advocators of the “Nordic race” became so strong at the turn of the century in the United States that measures of sterilization of the “unfit” were taken in thirty states. Between 1910 and 1940, some 30.000 or 40.000 people were sterilized, many of them in California. Many American supporters of eugenics welcomed the first measures taken by the Nazi government in the early 30s. Though overtly racist, and very often anti-Semitic, they never advocated the sterilization of entire groups or “races”.

Jaunosios kartos katalikų intelektualų požiūris į fašizmą ir nacionalsocializmą tarpukario Lietuvoje

Straipsnyje atskleidžiami jaunosios kartos lietuvių katalikų intelektualų požiūrio į fašizmą ir nacionalsocializmą ypatumai. Aptariamos socialinės, politinės bei psichologinės aplinkybės, turėjusios įtakos jų pažiūroms formuotis. Supažindinama su katalikų intelektualų požiūriu į rasizmo teoriją ir praktiką. Aptariamas jų pateiktas fašistinės valstybės socialinės ekonominės politikos vertinimas.

Biologists under Hitler

Part 1 The expulsion and emigration of scientists, 1933-1939 - a brief summary of legal measures non-Aryan dismissals and emigrations political dismissals and emigrations the impact of the expulsion of biologists on research in germany Viktor Hamburger and Johannes Holtfreter: the expulsion of two eminent experimental embryologists dismissed biologists able to continue their work in Germany Karl von Frisch, the Mischling, and the solidarity of his colleagues the return of emigre biologists to scientific institutes in germany after 1945 Wiedergutmachung in public and civil service Gerta von Ubisch: the emigration and return of a professor. Part 2 NSDAP membership, careers, and research funding - NSDAP membership the significance of NSDAP membership for habilitation and appointments the chair in zoology in Munster, 1935-1937 biology: the example of Ernst Lehmann the Notgemeinschaft (Emergency Association) of German science, the German research association, and the Reich Research Council under national socialism funding for biological projects by the DFG and the RFR, 1933-1945, and the significance of NSDAP membership research funding for biologists at universities and Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes research funding and the quality of research funding according to individuals and specialities the political and ideological background to research funding. Part 3 The content and result of research at universities - botany zoology Konrad Lorenz, ethology, and national socialist racial doctrine. Part 4 The content and result of research at Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes - the KWI for biology, Berlin-Dahlem the division for virus research of the KWIs for biology and biochemistry, Berlin-Dahlem the KWI for cultivated plant research, Tuttenholf the KWI for breeding research (Erwin Baur Institute), Muncheberg the genetic department of the KWI for brain research, Berlin-Buch the KWI for biophysics, Franfurt the department of hereditary pathology of the KWI for anthropology, human genetics, and eugenics, Berlin-Dahlem: the example of Hans Nachtsheim. Part 5 Scientific research by the SS - the scientific interests of Heinrich Himmler The SS Research and Teaching Society Das Ahnenerbe Heinz Brucher at the Ahnenerbe's Institute for plant genetic, Lannach Eduard May at the Ahnenerbe's entomological Institute, Dachau SS research at the University of Jena: Gerhard Heberer, human origins, and the Nordic race. Part 6 Research to develop biological weapons - the working group Blitzableiter biological warfare research under deputy Reich physician Fuhrer Kurt Blome. (Part contents).

Plasma levels of beta-endorphin, prolactin and gonadotropins in male athletes after an international nordic ski race.

Plasma beta-endorphin, prolactin (PRL), FSH and LH were measured in 17 volunteer male subjects at rest and under the stress caused by a long-distance nordic ski race. The race induced increased levels of beta-endorphin and PRL in all skiers. The changes in PRL with exercise were significantly related to the changes in beta-endorphin (r = 0.69, p less than 0.001). Furthermore, the highly trained skiers training over 150 km.week-1 of nordic ski showed consistently higher post-exercise beta-endorphin and PRL levels than the moderately trained skiers who trained for 20 km.week-1. In addition the race induced slight falls in FSH and LH; however plasma gonadotropin levels did not show any correlation with plasma beta-endorphin concentrations and did not differ between the two groups of skiers. These results suggest that endogenous opioid peptides may modulate PRL secretion in heavy exercise, since they are of minor importance in the release of FSH and LH in such a situation. The observations also suggest that the degree of previous training and the exercise intensity do seem to be responsible for the hormonal changes.

Race and climate as influences on anxiety

Lynn (1971) argues that Nordic race and cool climates independently predispose people to low levels of chronic anxiety. He also associates high economic growth and high anxiety. Random population samples of the cities of Sydney (Australia), Munich (W. Germany) and Bombay (India) received the short form of Eysenck's MPI N scale and the means obtained were compared with one another and with the scale's English norms. Two studies of the Parsee communities in Bombay and Sydney were also carried out. Except for the Bombay Parsees, all translations of the scale (into Gujurati, Hindi, Marathi and German) appeared to have been successful as evidenced by satisfactory levels of α. There were no significant differences between the Indian, Australian, English and German means—thus upsetting Lynn's theories. Sydney Parsees were however significantly less anxious than Bombay Parsees—thus suggesting that Parsee immigration to Australia is a viable solution to the threatened position in which Parsees find themselves in India.

Battle-axes in the Aegean

Tracking the elusive Indo-European has been a favourite sport of archaeologists and philologists ever since the days of the brothers Grimm, and surely some share of their power of telling fascinating fairy stories must have descended on their philological and archaeological successors.Some authorities have tried to associate the spread of Indo-European languages with that of cremation burials or with the diffusion of a particular physical type. The German school of Penka and Kossinna regarded these languages as the product of the Nordic race, and connected this diffusion with a group of cultures characterized by double axes or hammer-axes of stone, by axe-adzes of copper, and by certain varieties of pottery such as corded ware, globular amphorae, etc.I am not here concerned with the origin of these weapons. The axe-hammers may indeed ultimately be derived from stag-horn types of the mesolithic age. The copper axe-adzes are more restricted in their chronological and geographical setting. Still more restricted in their distribution and more definitely associated with Indo-European speaking peoples are two groups of metal battle-axes found especially in Persia and associated by M. Godard with the Kassites, the halberd-axe and the spiked-butt battle-axe. The first group, derived apparently from the ‘axe with double perforation’ does not really concern us since it seems almost to be confined to Persia, though its parent the ‘Hache à double évident’ occurs first in a double form in the Royal Cemetery at Ur, becomes acclimatized in Syria, and is found so far afield as Vapheio near Sparta, and Mycenae.

The Distribution of Types of Skin Color

SKIN color and hair form have been used in the classification of mankind, and they are, it is true, obvious and convenient distinguishing marks; but there is a danger in such usage. We too easily slip into the habit of considering, for example, that the people with dark skin and kinky hair form a profoundly distinct group marked off by all their characteristics from the rest of the human race and that the so-called Nordic race can be described simply as light-colored of hair, eyes, and skin. Study shows, however, that among the people with dark skin and kinky hair there are many important differences in the bony frame of body, limbs, and head, and the samne is true of the blond peoples of Northwest Europe. Another of our common mistakes is to treat the individual as a unit, whereas he is in reality a mosaic of diverse inheritances affected in a variety of ways by environmental factors working especially upon his growth, and some of these factors may bring regional adaptations to climatic and other influences. It may thus happen that successive drifts of mankind into an area, despite their diversities of inheritance, come to resemble one another to some extent in one or more characteristics. Groups with diverse origins as regards skull and skeleton may be dark-skinned and kinky-haired; and people with light coloring may share the same inheritance of skull or skeleton with people of dark skin and kinky hair. It is the outstanding fact of archeology that early drifts of culture, demonstrable in fashions of stone implements, can be traced over wide areas. For example, the Acheulean hand ax of the Lower Paleolithic has a certain similarity whether found in Britain, France, Spain, Africa, Southwest Asia, or even India. We cannot say that people of the same physical type took this culture, or others, to these lands, but we can infer that there have been longdistance migrations of great importance, and no doubt also culture drifts through contacts of adjacent peoples. The further point to be borne in mind is that in early days, when men drifted about as hunters and collectors, food conditions kept groups small, and they tended to use large areas; in other words, density of population was very low. England and Wales probably had a good deal less than one million people even under Roman rule, and in earlier times numbers were much smaller. Indeed, it has often been estimated that the population of

Races, Nations and Jews

In this book Dr. Tenenbaum treats a difficult social problem in the same way he would treat an obscure medical disease. In the first part of the book he discusses quite fully the underlying anthropologic and sociological factors that are etiologically related to antisemitism, which he regards as a serious social disease, from time to time reaching pandemic proportions. He reviews existing knowledge of the development of races and proves that there are no pure races. The Aryan race and the Nordic race have no sound basis in history of man's development; he regards them as entirely mythical, created by certain peoples to claim for themselves a superiority that is not based on scientific facts. Nations, too, cannot be defined by either language or territorial boundaries but are largely a state of mind. According to this point of view, he regards the Jews without a language and without a well

The Nordic and Alpine Races and Their Kin: A Study of Ethnological Trends

The writer briefly his Zones and Strate Concept of Racial Evolution. This indicates that the Alpines with a central position envolved later than the Nordic and Mediterranean races with a more peripheral position. The Aryan languages appear also to be arranged in zones, and some suggestions as to their evolution are made. The Nordic race is somewhat akin to the Mediterranean, and probably originated in Siberia. The Chinese represent the eastern wing of the Alpine race. The thrusts of the latter determine the main features of world-history. The Nordic race in Europe appears to be dying out. The influx of Central Europeans (Alpines) into the United States will be likely to improve the American nation.

Book Reviews

IN this amusing and witty book, Prof. Lowie has made a survey of human culture with the view of analysing the permanent and impermanent elements in the line of progress. His thesis is that man, like the chimpanzee, must fight against the forces of destruction; but he has forged ahead of the ape by passing on his experience to his descendants of the next generation. Prof. Lowie aims at showing that in so doing he has passed on dross as well as gold. In his time and space survey, he shows that identity in difference leads to the conclusion that we ourselves, however much we may differ from our ancestors and the so-called ‘lower races’, retain much in our own make-up, ‘inherited’, in the looser sense, which justifies the interrogative which forms the title of his book. Prof. Lowie holds no brief for the popular theory of Nordic superiority, because, as he says, he does not recognise that a Nordic race exists to-day. Like everything he writes, the book is stimulating. Though scientific in method and outlook, it is written in a style which avoids technicalities and will appeal to the least instructed of readers.

Ross and Cromarty

PROF. WATSON has added a useful volume to the series of county geographies. The book is especially interesting on the human side, though with commendable restraint his section on the people, race, and dialect occupies only two and a half pages. We notice that he describes the Celts as members of the Nordic race, without actually using that term, and to this stock he attributes some of the fair-haired people of this highland area.

England and the Nordic Race. By John Dawson. Duckworth. 1924. Pp. 58.

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Research Items

SUICIDE RATES.—The relation of suicide to climatic and racial factors, and to industrialism, occupation, urban conditions, age, and sex, etc., is the subject of an extensive statistical analysis by Dr. J. R. Miner (American Journal of Hygiene, Monographic Series, No. 2). It has long been recognised that the suicide rate is higher among the Nordic race than among Alpine or Mediterranean peoples. Mixed peoples usually have a higher rate than either of the pure races to which they belong. Foreigners in New York show a higher suicide rate than in the countries from which they came. The lowest rate is found in Ireland and the highest in Saxony, while the rate varies in different parts of France according to the racial composition of the population. Among Asiatic peoples, the Japanese and Chinese rates are high, while in India it is low (4–8 per 100,000). India appears to be the only country where female suicides exceed the male. The general trend of suicide rates has been upward during the last century, but the higher rates tend to become stabilised. A sharp decline took place during the war. Germany, France, Denmark and Sweden have high rates, Britain, Norway and the Netherlands low rates, as well as southern and eastern Europe. In the United States the rates are lowest in the south and highest in the west. The fundamental causes of these differences are found to be probably in (1) differences in the strength of the group spirit, (2) adverse economic conditions, (3) racial factors, (4) general health of the population.

Research Items

Problems of Race and Nationality in South Africa.—The problems of race and nationality are discussed in the presidential address delivered before the South African Association for the Advancement of Science by the president, Dr. J. E. Duerden. He gives an instructive survey of the social condition of the Bantu races and of the European immigrants. The hereditary attributes of all the people of colour are markedly inferior to the white in all that pertains to the requirements of modern civilisation, and there is every reason to expect that they will remain so in the future, “for in considerations of this nature the teachings of zoology are overwhelmingly in favour of the unchangeableness of the germ plasm.” He goes on to say that the Nordic race, represented by the English and Dutch, stands at the head of the human genus, and “it is in the daily competition with those that the Bantu, Indian, and Malay are to lead their lives. In the commingling of these races in South Africa there can be no question as to which will be dominant. In his hereditary endowments the white is far more gifted than the coloured, and must lead. Dominance, however, is not arrogance, nor does superiority necessarily carry with it harshness or unfairness.”