Nonverbal Aspects Research Articles

Understanding Spiritual Care—Perspectives from Healthcare Professionals in a Norwegian Nursing Home

Nursing home professionals have reported that spiritual care is an unclear concept, and research suggests that healthcare professionals have a limited understanding of this dimension of care. The provision of spiritual care is well-investigated internationally, but research is sparse within Norway’s secularized society. This study investigated healthcare professionals’ understanding of spiritual care in one nursing home. Methods: Data were collected from individual interviews (N = 8) and one focus group (N = 5) of nursing home personnel; the study used qualitative content analysis and a hermeneutic methodology. Results: One central question emerged during the data analysis: what is spiritual care versus good care? This starting point resulted in four themes (1) caring for the whole person, (2) having a personal touch, (3) seeing the person behind the diagnosis, and (4) more than religiousness. Some healthcare professionals had not heard of spiritual care, and many were not aware of this in their daily work with older patients. Nevertheless, they facilitated and cared for the patient’s spiritual needs, but they did not address it as spiritual care. Other participants were familiar with the concept and understood spiritual care as an essential part of daily care. Conclusion: healthcare professionals’ understanding of spiritual care is broad and varied, including practical and non-verbal aspects. The results indicated a need for an open dialogue about spiritual needs and resources in clinical practice and the teaching of personnel about how to facilitate older people’s spirituality. Moreover, there is a need for more research into spiritual care and how it differs from the concept of good fundamental care.

The Image of Female Ideal Body in Advertisements of the Slimming Product in Indonesia: A Critical Discourse Analysis

Slimming products have been continuously produced, while advertisements used for marketing these products increase in number. Advertisement of these slimming products shows an image of the ideal female body that is promised to be achieved if consumers use the offered products. Advertisement of these slimming products becomes one of the facilities to spread and maintain an ideology of beauty in society. The ideology can influence and shape the perspective of society related to beauty stereotypes that are later made a benchmark in assessing a person. Many people are disadvantaged by these beauty stereotypes spread in society. This research aims to reveal the construction of the image of the ideal female body in an advertisement of the slimming products through three dimensions of Critical Discourse Analysis, as Fairclough (2014) stated. These three dimensions are the text analysis phase, discursive practice analysis phase, and sociocultural praxis analysis phase. Besides analyzing verbal and non-verbal aspects in the selected advertisements, the researcher also interviewed 10 (ten) women to identify the perspective of Indonesian women to the beauty discourse existing in advertisement and society. The results of the study revealed that beauty discourse, as shown in the advertisement, was internalized by women as participants in this research. In this case, discourse related to the ideal female body image is still persistent in society.

Ready or Not: Gulf Country Teachers’ Challenges toward Teaching Online Courses in Emergency Cases in Higher Education

The purpose of this study was to determine the challenges faced by teachers from the Arabian Gulf countries of Saudi Arabia and Kuwait while teaching virtual online courses. Because online learning in higher education in these countries had not occurred before the current pandemic, the teachers and students faced new challenges for the first time, including online communication, inadequate training, insufficient practice, and incompetence in online assessment. Seventy-six teachers of higher education in Kuwait or Saudi Arabia participated in this study, which was a survey created by the first author to determine the effectiveness of communication, training, practicing and assessing students’ performance during the pandemic. Results indicated that no differences were found between the two countries; while participants felt that training was adequate for the task of converting to remote teaching, they were concerned about nonverbal aspects of communication and assessing online work. Suggestions included obtaining participants from other Gulf countries, refining the survey, and involving different types of institutions such as private colleges. The results of this study imply that for many teachers, improvements in communication and assessment are necessary to improve online teaching, which is likely to continue in these countries after the pandemic is over.

Gestures analysis during a picture description task: Capacity to discriminate between healthy controls, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease

The main objective of this study is to compare the gesticulation of the five study groups that conform the evolution from healthy ageing to a moderate stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). As a secondary aim we intend to assess the capacity of co-speech gestures to discriminate between the two main groups of amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), executive MCI (ex-MCI) and temporo-medial MCI (tm-MCI), since this last group is the one with the highest rate of progression to AD. 52 participants were divided into five groups, according to their global cognition state (healthy controls, ex-MCI, tm-MCI, mild AD, and moderate AD). They were videotaped during a picture description task and their verbal (speech fluency and lexical diversity measures) and non-verbal communication (gestural production) performances were analysed. Statistical analysis confirmed that the global cognition performance was worse in patients with greater cognitive impairment, and MCI groups differ from each other in delayed recall memory. Concerning verbal communication, time of speech was lower in the healthy control group when compared with the rest of the groups. In the non-verbal communication aspect, a trend toward statistical significance was found in iconic gestures per minute, iconic gestures per word and iconic gestures for word substitution. Pairwise comparison highlighted these variables as potential differentiating factor between ex-MCI, tm-MCI and mild AD groups. As for the first objective, our study results demonstrated there was not a linear progression in gestural production among groups. In relation to the second objective, outcomes pointed to a great value, since iconic gestures variables have been identified as a potential marker for the specific identification of tm-MCI individuals, who are a subgroup of amnestic MCI with a greater predisposition to progress to Alzheimer's disease.

VERBAL AND NONVERBAL ASPECTS IN REALIZING LANGUAGE POLITENESS IN THE FILM “SABTU BERSAMA BAPAK” MADE BY ADHITYA MULYA

This study aims to describe the verbal and nonverbal aspects of the Realization of Language Politeness in the film "SabtubersamaBapak" by Adhitya Mulya and it was designed by using a qualitative descriptive method with content analysis techniques. This qualitative descriptive method is used to collect and compile data, analyze and interpret data (Rukajat, 2018). By using a qualitative descriptive method, the researcher simply analyzed data based on verbal and nonverbal language politeness in the film "SabtubersamaBapak" by AdhityaMulya. The results showed that the most dominant language politeness in verbal communication appears in the film the film "Sabtu bersama Bapak" are sympathy and wisdom. Meanwhile, language politeness in non-verbal communication is dominant in kinesics, namely gestures, hands, head, and so on.

Whose Touch is This? : Understanding the Agency Trade-Off Between User-Driven Touch vs. Computer-Driven Touch

Force-feedback enhances digital touch by enabling users to share non-verbal aspects such as rhythm, poses, and so on. To achieve this, interfaces actuate the user’s to touch involuntarily (using exoskeletons or electrical-muscle-stimulation); we refer to this as computer-driven touch. Unfortunately, forcing users to touch causes a loss of their sense of agency. While researchers found that delaying the timing of computer-driven touch preserves agency, they only considered the naïve case when user-driven touch is aligned with computer-driven touch. We argue this is unlikely as it assumes we can perfectly predict user-touches. But, what about all the remainder situations: when the haptics forces the user into an outcome they did not intend or assists the user in an outcome they would not achieve alone? We unveil, via an experiment, what happens in these novel situations. From our findings, we synthesize a framework that enables researchers of digital-touch systems to trade-off between haptic-assistance vs. sense-of-agency.

REPRESENTASI HUMOR SARKASME PADA VIDEO YOUTUBE UNCLE ROGER

A comedian has a function to entertain the audience. He displays interesting content and can lead the audience to laugh. Humor put forward by comedians consists of aspects of verbal actions carried out by speakers which we usually call aspects of the mouth and nonverbal aspects, namely with other body movements which are stimulating, cognitive and intellectual activities as assessment and evaluation as well as those that are visible from smiles and laughter. . It is interesting to study with semiotic method. Semiotics is the science or method of analysis to study signs. Semiotics has various types, one of which is Social Semiotics. This research is about sarcasm humor in Uncle Roger's Youtube video content entitled "Uncle Roger is Sick of Nasi Goreng Eggs (BBC Food). Researchers analyzed the video by connecting representation theory and MAK Halliday's social semiotic theory who saw that the text contains three important components, namely: Discourse, Discourse Tenor and Discourse Mode Based on the analysis of social semiotics, the results of the research are: (1) There are 14 Discourse Fields discussed by Uncle Roger in the video entitled "Uncle Roger is sick with Egg Fried Rice (BBC Food)"; (2) People involved in the discourse in the Youtube video is chef Hersha Patel who is under the auspices of the BBC Food portal and involves Asian culture in cooking egg fried rice compared to white or western culture
 (3) The discourse in this video uses a sarcasm style. used, is a discourse that contains sarcasm or full of innuendo and ridicule directly or indirectly . Uncle Roger is also a hyperbole, figure of speech, and personification.
 Keywords: social semiotics, sarcasm humor, youtube videos.

THE PRAGMATIC ASPECT OF THE FORMATION OF CULTURAL COMPETENCE IN THE STUDY OF A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

The article discusses the key aspects of the formation of skills and abilities necessary for effective communication in a foreign language between the representatives of different cultures. Special attention is paid to the classification of cultures and the corresponding models of communicative and speech behavior among the representatives of these cultures, both in verbal and nonverbal aspects.

Older Adults' Interpretation of Nurses' Nonverbal Communication in Cameroon: A Grounded Theory Inquiry.

Communication is central to nursing care. Yet, the nonverbal aspect of communication tends to be neglected or underestimated in nursing studies. Research has shown that older patients interpret nurses’ communication messages during the clinical encounter. This article conceptualizes older adults’ interpretation of and need for nonverbal communication (NVC) to enhance patient-centered communication advocated by the World Health Organization. The Corbin and Strauss (2015) inductive Grounded Theory approach was used to collect data from 3 hospital units in Cameroon using in-depth interviews with eight older adults, thirteen nurses, and four student nurses between July 2018 and January 2020. Open coding, axial coding, and selective coding were used for analysis, which reveals that interpretations of NVC can be positive or negative. It means that older adults view nurses either as angels or as difficult persons, depending on the nurses’ positive or negative NVC and behaviors. These interpretations lead to consequences ranging from a preference for some nurses to noncompliance with care. The results further show that older adults need active listening, humor, and affection from nurses. Information regarding older adults’ interpretation of and need for NVC can be used to improve curriculum content and to develop skills in and awareness of NVC with older adults. It is recommended that further research expand on effective nonverbal techniques during COVID-19 times where the meaning of facial expressions and voice inflection can be disrupted.

Teaching English on a linguocognitive basis: an extralinguistic aspect

The features of the nonverbal side of communication in teaching English at a language university are considered. The basic postulates of linguocognitive science are given, justifying the importance of attention not only to language, but also extralinguistic means of communication in a foreign language lesson. The main obstacles that do not allow to focus properly on the nonverbal aspect of communication in English classes in the university environment are indicated. The close connection of gestures, facial expressions, body movements with the linguistic and cultural space within which they exist is substantiated. Classifications of such extralinguistic means are given with special emphasis on various types of gestures. Based on the analysis of a wide range of scientific papers on the problem of research, two large groups of functions of nonverbal communication tools and a number of private functions included in them are identified. The possible roles of extralinguistic means of communication in foreign language classes and scenarios of their use are determined. The possibility of widespread use of video materials, in particular, authentic English-language feature films for teaching students of a language university the non-verbal side of communication is substantiated. An example of one of the possible sequences of such training in extralinguistic means of communication on a linguocognitive basis is given.

Wearables in sociodrama: An embodied mixed-methods study of expressiveness in social interactions.

This mixed-methods study investigates the use of wearable technology in embodied psychology research and explores the potential of incorporating bio-signals to focus on the bodily impact of the social experience. The study relies on scientifically established psychological methods of studying social issues, collective relationships and emotional overloads, such as sociodrama, in combination with participant observation to qualitatively detect and observe verbal and nonverbal aspects of social behavior. We evaluate the proposed method through a pilot sociodrama session and reflect on the outcomes. By utilizing an experimental setting that combines video cameras, microphones, and wearable sensors measuring physiological signals, specifically, heart rate, we explore how the synchronization and analysis of the different signals and annotations enables a mixed-method that combines qualitative and quantitative instruments in studying embodied expressiveness and social interaction.

Nonverbal Synchrony: An Indicator of Clinical Communication Quality in Racially-Concordant and Racially-Discordant Oncology Interactions.

ObjectivesThe aim of this cross-sectional study was to apply a novel software to measure and compare levels of nonverbal synchrony, as a potential indicator of communication quality, in video recordings of racially-concordant and racially-discordant oncology interactions. Predictions include that the levels of nonverbal synchrony will be greater during racially-concordant interactions than racially-discordant interactions, and that levels of nonverbal synchrony will be associated with traditional measures of communication quality in both racially-concordant and racially-discordant interactions.DesignThis is a secondary observational analysis of video-recorded oncology treatment discussions collected from 2 previous studies.SettingTwo National Cancer Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers and another large urban cancer center.ParticipantsParticipants from Study 1 include 161 White patients with cancer and 11 White medical oncologists. Participants from Study 2 include 66 Black/African-American patients with cancer and 17 non-Black medical oncologists. In both studies inclusion criteria for patients was a recent cancer diagnosis; in Study 2 inclusion criteria was identifying as Black/African American.Main outcome measuresNonverbal synchrony and communication quality.ResultsGreater levels of nonverbal synchrony were observed in racially-discordant interactions than in racially-concordant interactions. Levels of nonverbal synchrony were associated with indicators of communication quality, and these associations were more consistently found in racially-discordant interactions.ConclusionThis study advances clinical communication and disparities research by successfully applying a novel approach capturing the unconscious nature of communication, and revealing differences in communication in racially-discordant and racially-concordant oncology interactions. This study highlights the need for further exploration of nonverbal aspects relevant to patient-physician interactions.

Retoryka flirtu na podstawie Przeminęło z wiatrem Margaret Mitchell. Studium przypadku

There are many shades of the phenomenon of flirtation. We may speak about coquetry in literature, movies or advertisements. We may analyse both verbal and non-verbal aspects of the phenomenon in question in various periods, places and social groups. The main aim of the paper is to discuss only one “shade” of flirtation, namely conversations held by Scarlett O’Hara and Rhett Butler from M. Mitchell’s novel Gone with the wind from the rhetoric point of view.

Empathic and peacebuilding gestures: an analysis of greeting gestures across cultures

Communication process allows people to receive and send messages through verbal and nonverbal resources which play an important role in healthy interpersonal acts. While verbal communication has been the subject of many studies, the present study aims to focus mainly on the nonverbal aspect that is greeting gestures. In this article we shall analyze which greeting gesture, that is widely used across different cultures may evoke a feeling of empathy and thus build peaceful interactions so needed in human communication nowadays.

CrossEWT: Cross-Medial Analysis of World War II Eyewitness Testimonies

The CLARIAH research pilot project ‘CrossEWT’ entailed an inventory of interviews with eyewitnesses of the Second World War as published in newspapers, television documentaries and oral history databases. The aim was to analyse the topics of these interviews, and how these may have differed per medium and over time since 1945. The Media Suite facilitates comparative research into collections of different media types that traditionally are studied separately. Especially for oral history research, this is innovative and promising, in at least two ways. First, it potentially stimulates the re-use of interviews, not only by media scholars who might accidentally discover this material, but by (oral) historians as well. Second, a video annotation tool is provided that enables analysing the visual, non-verbal and performative aspects of oral history interviews, while traditional oral history research often heavily relies on the transcript.

The Tourism Sector Government Crisis Communication at the Beginning of the Covid-19 Pandemic: Strategies for Utilizing Instagram Social Media

This study aims to find out how the strategy used by the Government of Indonesia, in this case the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy (MoTCE), in utilizing Instagram social media as a means of communication for the tourism sector crisis in the early days of the Covid-19 pandemic in March 2020. This study uses a qualitative descriptive content analysis to describe the strategies used by MoTCE in using Instagram account @kemenparekraf.ri, by first mapping all posts for one month for later analysis. This study also uses the concept of crisis response strategies representing the actual responses that organizations use to overcome crises where crisis response strategies involve words (verbal aspects) and actions (nonverbal aspects) that are directed by organizations towards crises (Allen & Caillouet, 1994 and Benoit, 1995 in Coombs, 2015). The validity of the data in the study was carried out by analyzing data in the form of data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The result of the research is that various topics/themes are raised in response to various events related to Covid-19, the use of certain hashtags, policies that have been taken and campaigns that have been carried out consistently conveyed to the public regarding Covid-19, as well as a timeline of events that can be concluded as important efforts that have been carried out by MoTCE at the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Editorial

Dear Readers, Welcome to the ninth issue in 2021. I am very pleased to mention that the access statistics show a steady growth and also the interest in our journal is increasing. This success is only possible because of the great support from all of you. Thus, on behalf of the J.UCS team, I would like to thank all authors for their sound research contributions, the reviewers for their very helpful suggestions, and the consortium members for their financial support. Your commitment and dedicated work have contributed significantly to the overall success of J.UCS. In this regular issue, I am very pleased to present three accepted papers from five different countries and 10 involved authors. Armando Cruz, Hugo Paredes, Leonel Morgado and Paulo Martins from Portugal investigate in their work non-verbal aspects of collaboration in virtual worlds in the context of the presence dimension. In a collaborative research between Chile and Japan, Paul Leger, Hiroaki Fukuda and Ismael Figueroa present a JavaScript package that allows developers to write event handlers that need nested callbacks in a synchronous style, avoiding the so-called ‘callback hell’. In another collaboration between Indonesia and the UK, Riri Fitri Sari, Asri Samsiar Ilmananda, and Daniela M. Romano discuss their research on a social trust-based blockchain-enabled social media news verification system. Enjoy Reading!

Transnational and Translational Aspects of Global Christian Congregational Musicking

What happens to a worship song as it crosses geographical, cultural, and theological borders? How does this reallocation modify the role a song performs—and is performed—in context? This essay examines how religious songs that flow along transnational networks are transformed in the process of localization. It focuses particularly on how translation, conceived of broadly to encompass verbal and non-verbal aspects, happens within these processes. I argue that, while lyric translation remains a core component of these phenomena, it is but one of the multiple processes of localization that occur when a song travels. Throughout such processes, theology is (re)interpreted and songs are performed differently even as local congregations perceive their engagement with these repertoires as a type of connection to broader worshiping networks. Towards this end, it follows “Mighty to Save”, an Australian worship song, on its transnational path to re-localization within the context of Brazilian gospel. Analyses of the lyrical and musical translations and transformations the song is subjected to can shed further light upon the complex dynamic of transnational flows of religious repertoires in today’s interconnected world.

The Role of Emoticons in the Comprehension of Emotional and Non-emotional Messages in Dyslexic Youth - A Preliminary Study.

The study explored how well-dyslexic youth deals with written messages in an environment simulating popular social network communication system. The messaging systems, present more and more in pandemic and post-pandemic online world, are rich in nonverbal aspects of communicating, namely, the emoticons. The pertinent question was whether the presence of emoticons in written messages of emotional and non-emotional content changes the comprehension of the messages. Thirty-two pupils aged 11–15 took part in the study, 16 had a school-approved diagnosis of dyslexia and were included in the experimental group. Sixteen controls had no diagnosed disabilities. Both groups viewed short messages of four types (each including seven communicates): verbal-informative (without emoticons and emotional verbal content), verbal-emotive (without emoticons, with emotional verbal content), emoticon-informative (including emoticon-like small pictures, but without emotional content either verbal or nonverbal), and emoticon-emotive (with standard emoticons and including verbal-emotional content). The participants had to answer short questions after quick presentation of each message that tested their comprehension of the content. RTs and accuracy of the answers were analyzed. Students without dyslexia had shorter response times to the questions regarding all types of messages than the dyslexic participants. The answers of the experimental group to the questions about the emoticon-informative messages were less correct. The study pointed tentatively to the beneficial role of emoticons (especially the nonstandard, i.e., of non-emotional kind) in reading short messages with understanding.

Using 2D video-based pose estimation for automated prediction of autism spectrum disorders in young children

Clinical research in autism has recently witnessed promising digital phenotyping results, mainly focused on single feature extraction, such as gaze, head turn on name-calling or visual tracking of the moving object. The main drawback of these studies is the focus on relatively isolated behaviors elicited by largely controlled prompts. We recognize that while the diagnosis process understands the indexing of the specific behaviors, ASD also comes with broad impairments that often transcend single behavioral acts. For instance, the atypical nonverbal behaviors manifest through global patterns of atypical postures and movements, fewer gestures used and often decoupled from visual contact, facial affect, speech. Here, we tested the hypothesis that a deep neural network trained on the non-verbal aspects of social interaction can effectively differentiate between children with ASD and their typically developing peers. Our model achieves an accuracy of 80.9% (F1 score: 0.818; precision: 0.784; recall: 0.854) with the prediction probability positively correlated to the overall level of symptoms of autism in social affect and repetitive and restricted behaviors domain. Provided the non-invasive and affordable nature of computer vision, our approach carries reasonable promises that a reliable machine-learning-based ASD screening may become a reality not too far in the future.