Non-verbal Actions Research Articles

Fostering Religious Character through the Implementation of School Culture in Pancasila Student Profiles

Internalization of religious values in education is a crucial aspect of shaping students' character and morals. One effective way to achieve this is through habituation activities integrated into the school culture. This research aims to describe the formation of religious character through the implementation of school culture in Pancasila student profiles. The research method used is qualitative descriptive, conducted at elementary school 44 Bengkulu City. Research subjects include the school principal, teachers, and students. Data collection instruments include observation guidelines, interview sheets, and documents. The data analysis process includes data collection, data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research findings indicate that the religious dimension in Pancasila student profiles has been effectively implemented through school culture. This is evident in exemplary habituation policies involving both verbal and non-verbal actions such as dressing neatly, displaying politeness, being disciplined in worship, and practicing 6S (Smile, Salute, Greet, Polite, Courteous, and charity). Additionally, there are spontaneous habits such as praying before starting lessons, and the integration of intracurricular learning through subjects in the Merdeka curriculum such as Islamic Religious Education and Pancasila Education. Extracurricular activities like scouting serve as a means to embody religious values. These findings emphasize that a school culture incorporating religious values can positively contribute to the development of students' religious character

Sequence analysis in the development of ethnomethodological conversation analysis

When Harvey Sacks and Emanuel A. Schegloff explored the possibility of a ‘naturalistic observational discipline that could deal with the details of social action(s) rigorously, empirically, and formally’ (Schegloff and Sacks, 1973), it was not by chance that their attention was attracted by records of natural conversations and by conversation as an activity in its own right. For, in conversation, every action, every speaking turn of its participants presents itself as a clearly determinable unit with a beginning and end. This appearance is reinforced by the conversation's transcript, which presents in a seeming order, a sequence of turns. Sequence analysis was developed for ‘conversations’ from this observational basis. In this paper, the requirements and implications concerning the role of indexicality in organising and interpreting participants' turns are examined critically and it is investigated whether sequence analysis is also applicable as a proof procedure to ‘talk in interaction’ and multimodal face-to-face interaction. It is argued that unclearly determined non-verbal actions and multiple forms of simultaneous events may restrict the applicability of sequence analysis or even prevent its successful application altogether. It is argued that for different forms of (communicative) interaction and their constitutive conditions of perception an empirical investigation of the relation between simultaneity and sequentiality may be necessary.

The Role of Gazing Behaviors in Navigating Paired Role-Play Interactional Competence Assessment Tasks

ABSTRACT This paper deals with an end-of-semester interactional competence (IC) assessment of L2 oral communication skills for higher education students. Despite the growing research interest in L2 IC assessment using paired role-play tasks, the non-verbal actions of the learners in these contexts remain largely unexplored. With this in mind, this study uses multimodal Conversation Analysis to examine gazing at role-cards in orienting to, structuring, and navigating through the assessment situations, and displaying IC by attending to task initiation, asking/giving task-relevant details, eliciting/making/delaying offers, and ending the conversation. The findings bring new insights into multimodal aspects of L2 IC assessment.

Connecting through touch: Attitudes toward touch in pregnancy are associated with couples' sexual and affectionate behaviors across the transition to parenthood.

Touch is a universal nonverbal action often used by romantic partners to demonstrate affection and care for each other. Attitudes toward touch might be particularly relevant across periods of relational strain-such as the transition to parenthood-when couples face many novel stressors and shifting priorities which can interfere with their sexual and affectionate experiences. New parent couples (N = 203) completed self-report measures online across six time-points (two prenatal). We tested whether couples' attitudes toward touch (touch aversion, touch for affection, touch for emotion regulation) at baseline (20weeks mid-pregnancy) predicted their frequency of sexual and affectionate behaviors from mid-pregnancy through 12-month postpartum. Both partners' more positive attitudes toward touch (i.e., for affection and emotion regulation) and lower aversive attitudes toward touch, as measured in mid-pregnancy, predicted couples' higher frequency and variety of sexual and affectionate behaviors at 3-month postpartum. Touch attitudes generally did not predict the degree of change in the frequency or variety of sexual or affectionate behaviors, with one exception: non-birthing parents' more positive attitudes toward touch for emotion regulation in mid-pregnancy predicted a slower decline in couples' affectionate behaviors across pregnancy. Findings underscore a link between new parents' attitudes toward touch and their subsequent sexual and affectionate behaviors, particularly in the early postpartum period. New parents need to navigate novel sexual changes and a nonverbal strategy such as touch might be useful to promote intimacy and care.

Inferring the Goals of Communicating Agents from Actions and Instructions

When humans cooperate, they frequently coordinate their activity through both verbal communication and non-verbal actions, using this information to infer a shared goal and plan. How can we model this inferential ability? In this paper, we introduce a model of a cooperative team where one agent, the principal, may communicate natural language instructions about their shared plan to another agent, the assistant, using GPT-3 as a likelihood function for instruction utterances. We then show how a third person observer can infer the team’s goal via multi-modal Bayesian inverse planning from actions and instructions, computing the posterior distribution over goals under the assumption that agents will act and communicate rationally to achieve them. We evaluate this approach by comparing it with human goal inferences in a multi-agent gridworld, finding that our model’s inferences closely correlate with human judgments (R = 0.96). When compared to inference from actions alone, we find that instructions lead to more rapid and less uncertain goal inference, highlighting the importance of verbal communication for cooperative agents.

PERCEPTIONS OF AMBITIOUS BEHAVIOR PATTERNS IN STUDENT ACADEMIC COMPETITION

Perception is the process through which we assess others, focusing on the aspects of human behavior we choose to observe. This study delves into the perception of students' ambitious attitudes, an area still shrouded in debate over whether such ambition is beneficial or detrimental within student circles. We conduct a comprehensive analysis of this topic through literature reviews and support it with social judgment theory, which explores the "ego involvement" in an individual's interactions with others. This overarching view guides our examination of a common yet potentially significant psychological phenomenon among students. Sociopsychology, a branch of communication theory grounded in psychological (behavioral) evaluation, provides insight into the psychological orientation of information assessment. This approach in sociopsychological communication studies helps us understand why individuals act as they do, not just through their words but also through non-verbal actions such as tone of voice, body movement, and facial expressions.

Physical Education and Health Teaching Behavior Realistic Dilemma and Optimization Path Research

This paper explores the crucial role of physical education (PE) in fostering students' physical fitness and overall development, with a focus on the teaching behaviors of physical education teachers. These behaviors encompass a wide range of actions and activities that occur before, during, and after class, aiming to achieve effective teaching objectives. The connotation of PE teachers' teaching behavior is categorized into speech acts and activity acts, encompassing both verbal and non-verbal actions. This study delves into the challenges faced by physical education teachers and proposes strategies for optimizing their teaching behaviors to cater better to students' interests and aptitudes. It highlights the significance of teachers' reflective behaviors in improving teaching quality and emphasizes the need for evaluating PE teachers' teaching behavior to enhance overall teaching quality and students' all-round development. By considering existing literature and potential areas for improvement, this study seeks to contribute to the advancement of physical education practices and the development of well-rounded students in the modern education system.

THE ESCALATION OF VIOLENCE IN MODERN SOCIETY: IMPLICATIONS AND EDUCATIONAL RESPONSES

This article explores the various facets of violence, identifying key commonalities among definitions, including repetitive occurrences, intentional harm, imbalanced power dynamics, and the desire to inflict psychological and physical suffering on victims. The categorization of violence into physical, verbal, and sexual forms is a longstanding practice. Violence is defined as the deliberate, unjustifiable infliction of harm on others, encompassing a wide range of negative consequences endured by victims. However, the mere act of harm is insufficient to classify an action as violent; it must be accompanied by intent. Harmful behaviors encompass verbal and non-verbal actions, spanning physical harm, material damage, and psychological distress, such as intimidation, humiliation, and social isolation. This article underscores the urgency of addressing violence in our society, emphasizing the pivotal role of educational institutions in creating safe and harmonious environments for children and students.

Women's Dominance in the Short Film Kisah di Hari Minggu

Abstract: In the domestic sphere, the stereotype about men who are stronger than women is still developing. This cannot be separated from the existence of patriarchal culture. The domination of one gender is a phenomenon that often appears in society, especially in the domestic sphere. It is also clearly represented by various media, such as movies. Currently, women in the domestic sphere realize that women are empowered figures who oppose patriarchal culture and are not easily deceived by men. This phenomenon has also been represented through various media, especially films. Film effectively conveys messages and influences the audience's views on social and cultural issues. This is because films can represent events that occur in the real world. One film that represents women as dominant figures in the domestic sphere is Adi Marsono's short film titled Kisah di Hari Minggu. Based on that phenomenon, the problem formulation proposed in this research is about how women dominate in the domestic sphere, as represented in the short film Kisah di Hari Minggu. Purpose: This research aims to determine the dominant practice of women in the domestic sphere in the short film Kisah di Hari Minggu. Design/Methodology/Approach: This is descriptive qualitative research with Sara Mills' critical discourse analysis as the approach. Findings: The research results show that both verbal and non-verbal actions in that movie show a woman's dominance, who is a mother. It also shows a counter to the patriarchal system, which always positions women under men. Originality/Value: The film analysis of women’s dominance is limited since many previous research studies focus on men’s dominance. However, this research examines how women's dominance in the domestic sphere in a short film is analyzed using critical discourse analysis methods.

Learning Model to Overcome Aggressive Behavior Early Childhood

This research aims to determine the characteristics of early childhood behaviour, the factors that influence aggressive behaviour in early childhood, and the learning models used by educators to overcome aggressive behaviour. This research uses qualitative research methods with case studies. The subject selection method used purposive sampling included educators, parents of educational participants, and the head of the PAUD program. The research results show that a differentiated learning model using loose parts media can change children's aggressive behaviour. Before implementing the educator model, educators take an individual approach to children. The characteristics of children who have aggressive behaviour in PAUD are shown verbally, such as mocking, speaking harshly, shouting, getting angry, and spreading things when their desires are not fulfilled, while aggressive actions through non-verbal actions in early childhood, such as hitting, pushing, and grabbing. Toy friends. Factors that influence aggressive behaviour in this research are biological or innate, environmental factors and parenting patterns that spoil children too much. Keywords: Learning Model, Behavior Childhood Aggression, Early Childhood

Fenomena Pelecehan Seksual Area Kampus Universitas Jember

Sexual harassment is an unexpected and unwanted action, but the rise of sexual harassment in society cannot be covered up starting from verbal and nonverbal actions. This research is a type of descriptive qualitative research that uses qualitative research methods and uses a phenomenological approach. We can know that the perpetrators of sexual harassment are dominated by men, but it is unfortunate that even though this sexual harassment has been widely known by the wider community and the authorities still cannot take serious attention or take legal action quickly.

Debaters’ actions to manage interaction in the context of the debate talk show

Abstract The project explores how conflict is managed in a debate talk show that addresses the current situation in Belarus and its future. The analysis shows that the debaters act as co-designers of the debate activity. They indicate a variety of moves that they find inappropriate (e.g., personal attacks) and use various interactional resources to challenge these actions, which is done directly (e.g., directly naming inappropriate actions) and indirectly (e.g., nonverbal actions). Their interventions are aimed at managing interaction, but at the same time, they undermine their opponents’ image. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of identities as an interactional resource to shape interaction. The analysis also demonstrates the role of a multi-party structure of the debate in managing interaction.

“Purement Amazigh”: investigating embodied ideologies and linguistic practices in Morocco

Abstract This research discusses language ideologies in Amazigh/Berber in Morocco. It analyzes Amazigh activists’ views on the process of Amazigh standardization, including dialect unification, script selection and reclaiming of Amazigh identity. Drawing on findings in the study of language ideologies and discourse analysis, this paper examines interviews with activists and demonstrates a connectedness between participants’ conceptions about language and their embodied actions. It also reveals ideological assemblages, in which conflicting language beliefs and practices are bound together. Through examination of the ideological divide on Amazigh language and script, the study shows how verbal and nonverbal actions iconically index aspects of Amazigh language ideologies, including linguistic purism, manifested through intricate forms of recontextualized lexical items, embodied gestures and voice features. The participants’ linguistic and non-linguistic practices provide insight into particular identity dimensions and complex social relations. The indexicalities of their utterances, which will be analyzed discursively, are better understood not only through consideration of the various semiotic resources such as embodiment, but also through discussion of specific histories of political and linguistic conflicts. The study as a whole relies on an interdisciplinary method to emphasize the political nature of language standardization and demonstrate the significant role of embodiment in language ideological research.

A comparison of non-verbal actions between Serbian and English native speakers in New Zealand: a visual essay

Abstract This visual essay examines the non-verbal actions and the production of identity of Serbian and English native speakers during a videoconferencing task in New Zealand. This cross-cultural study examines the modes of facial expression, posture, and hand/arm movements to show how these are telling of the identity of the Serbian and English native speakers. Although gesture and language have received significant attention in research, very few studies have addressed the cross-cultural non-verbal actions and no study has compared Serbian native speakers with New Zealand English speakers. This visual essay addresses this gap.

Бейвербалды амалдардың зерттелуі және функционалдық қызметі

In the article, the authors consider the history of the study of non-verbal tools in foreign science and domestic linguistics. It can be seen that in the works of domestic scientists, the types and techniques of non-verbal methods, the knowledge and culture, history and traditions of each nation are considered. Determining the nature of nonverbal actions is essential for understanding its nature, communicative function in the transmission of ideas is analyzed. The authors of the article prove with real examples that non-verbal methods are not just used to convey the message, but also to convey important events that are kept secret for the country and its history. In such cases it is often based on the agreement of two people or a group and additional meaning of a national character is enhanced. In their study, the authors used different methods, including the method of analysis, with the aim of revealing the hidden, implicit meaning of nonverbal tricks.

On the Multimodal Resolution of a Search Sequence in Virtual Reality

In virtual reality (VR), participants may not always have hands, bodies, eyes, or even voices—using VR helmets and two controllers, participants control an avatar through virtual worlds that do not necessarily obey familiar laws of physics; moreover, the avatar’s bodily characteristics may not neatly match our bodies in the physical world. Despite these limitations and specificities, humans get things done through collaboration and the creative use of the environment. While multiuser interactive VR is attracting greater numbers of participants, there are currently few attempts to analyze the in situ interaction systematically. This paper proposes a video-analytic detail-oriented methodological framework for studying virtual reality interaction. Using multimodal conversation analysis, the paper investigates a nonverbal, embodied, two-person interaction: two players in a survival game strive to gesturally resolve a misunderstanding regarding an in-game mechanic—however, both of their microphones are turned off for the duration of play. The players’ inability to resort to complex language to resolve this issue results in a dense sequence of back-and-forth activity involving gestures, object manipulation, gaze, and body work. Most crucially, timing and modified repetitions of previously produced actions turn out to be the key to overcome both technical and communicative challenges. The paper analyzes these action sequences, demonstrates how they generate intended outcomes, and proposes a vocabulary to speak about these types of interaction more generally. The findings demonstrate the viability of multimodal analysis of VR interaction, shed light on unique challenges of analyzing interaction in virtual reality, and generate broader methodological insights about the study of nonverbal action.

The Linguistic Personality of Abish Kekilbayev in the Context of Political Discourse (Based on the Material of Public Speeches)

The article examines the communicative strategies and communicative tactics of political discourse based on the material of public speeches by Abish Kekilbayev during the meeting of the commission "A" of the Geneva ОSCE Meeting on National Minorities in June 1991, at the closing of the II session of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan of the XIII convocation on December 27, 1994, as well as an interview given to journalist V. Paramonov and published in the magazine "Thought", No. 12 in 1994 under the title "This hard parliamentary bread". The article provides a brief overview of the research of Kazakh and foreign linguists in the field of the study of discourse, political discourse, communicative strategies and tactics, as well as their various classifications. Political discourse is considered in its broadest sense as a discourse in which any speech formations, subject, addressee or their content belong to the sphere of politics, according to the definition of E.A. Sheigal. Communicative strategies are understood as a set of verbal and nonverbal actions aimed at achieving communicative goals, and communicative tactics are one or more actions that contribute to the implementation of the strategy (according to O.S. Issers). The analysis of communicative strategies and communicative tactics demonstrates the possibility of using this approach in the study of political discourse, as it allows to identify both explicit and implicit intentions of the author.

Höflichkeit im Mikrokosmos eines Sanatoriums. Vergleich Russland-Österreich

Summary In the context of contrastive pragmatics, some expressions of politeness in the special environment in a sanatorium are dealt with in this article. In particular these three forms: addressing and greeting known or unknown people, communicativeness, i. e. the convention of entering into a conversation with strangers or avoiding it, and gallantry, i.e. courteous non-verbal actions like holding a door open for those who follow, pushing a chair into position, clearing a place. The study is based on participant observation during a 10-day stay in a health resort in the North Caucasus in the summer of 2018 and in Austrian facilities. Oral communication between the medical and other staff with the spa guests and communication between themselves, as well as written announcements and inscriptions of various kinds were analysed. Austria in its self-image is a very polite and hospitable country, Russia perceives itself as very hospitable, but not particularly polite. The comparison of politeness in the microcosm of a sanatorium in the North Caucasus and similar institutions (health resorts / facilities) in Austria did not confirm the assumption of low politeness in Russia. In both cultures, a high level of courtesy and respect could be observed among the staff and among or towards the spa guests. It should also be noted that even if one hears repeatedly of the condescending or even suppressive treatment of members of Caucasian nationalities, in the microcosm of the sanatorium there was an equally respectful attitude towards everyone and no discrimination whatsoever was observed. Whether the findings in a spa facility in another part of Russia would be different still has to be the subject of further investigation.

Nonverbal Action Interpretation Guides Novel Word Disambiguation in 12-Month-Olds.

Whether young infants can exploit sociopragmatic information to interpret new words is a matter of debate. Based on findings and theories from the action interpretation literature, we hypothesized that 12-month-olds should distinguish communicative object-directed actions expressing reference from instrumental object-directed actions indicative of one's goals, and selectively use the former to identify referents of novel linguistic expressions. This hypothesis was tested across four eye-tracking experiments. Infants watched pairs of unfamiliar objects, one of which was first targeted by either a communicative action (e.g., pointing) or an instrumental action (e.g., grasping) and then labeled with a novel word. As predicted, infants fast-mapped the novel words onto the targeted objects after pointing (Experiments 1 and 4) but not after grasping (Experiment 2) unless the grasping action was preceded by an ostensive signal (Experiment 3). Moreover, whenever infants mapped a novel word onto the object indicated by a communicative action, they tended to map a different novel word onto the distractor object, displaying a mutual exclusivity effect. This reliance on nonverbal action interpretation in the disambiguation of novel words indicates that sociopragmatic inferences about reference likely supplement associative and statistical learning mechanisms from the outset of word learning.

Distinctive features of nonverbal behavior and mimicry in application interviews through data analysis and machine learning

This paper reveals the characteristics and effects of nonverbal behavior and human mimicry in the context of application interviews. It discloses a novel analyzation method for psychological research by utilizing machine learning. In comparison to traditional manual data analysis, machine learning proves to be able to analyze the data more deeply and to discover connections in the data invisible to the human eye. The paper describes an experiment to measure and analyze the reactions of evaluators to job applicants who adopt specific behaviors: mimicry, suppress, immediacy and natural behavior. First, evaluation of the applicant qualifications by the interviewer reveals how behavioral self-management can improve the interviewer’s opinion of the candidate. Secondly, the underlying mechanics of mimicry behavior are exposed through analysis of seven nonverbal actions. Manual data analysis determines the frequency features of the actions and answers how often the actions are performed and how often they are mimicked during application interviews. Two of the seven actions are here deemed negligible due too low frequency features. Finally, machine learning is employed to analyze the data in great detail and distinguish the four behavior categories from each other. A Random Forest classifier is able to achieve 55.2% accuracy for predicting the behavior condition of the interviews while human observers reach an accuracy of 32.9%. The feature set for the classifier is reduced to 130 features with the most important features relating to the correlations between the leaning forward actions of the interview participants.