Non-torsion Group Research Articles

The value of clinical symptoms, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and ultrasonographic features in predicting adnexal torsion: A case-control study.

Adnexal torsion remains a diagnostic challenge due to the nonspecific symptoms, sonographic features, and laboratory findings. The value of combining clinical, sonographic, and laboratory features is not well established, and controversy continues regarding their value in diagnosis. This study aimed to review sonographic, clinical, and laboratory features and to analyze their value separately and in combination, in managing and diagnosing adnexal torsions. The study included 278 women who underwent urgent laparoscopic surgery due to suspected adnexal torsion, according to clinical suspicion, with or without sonographic concordance. Laparoscopy findings confirmed the definitive diagnosis of torsion. Clinical laboratory and sonographic features were compared between those with and without adnexal torsion. Adnexal torsion was confirmed in 110/278 (39.6%) women. In the torsion compared to nontorsion group, proportions were higher of women with acute abdominal pain in the preceding 24 h ([50] 45.5% vs. [35] 20.8%, p< 0.001), with vomiting ([45] 40.9% vs. [24] 14.3%, p< 0.001) and with suspected torsion by transvaginal sonography ([49] 44.5% vs. [23] 13.7%, p< 0.001). A high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (>3) was identified in 65 (59.1%) of the study group and 60 (35.7%) of the control group (p< 0.001). Combining the latter three findings, the predicted probability of torsion was 58%-85%, depending on the combinations. A simple predictive model based on combinations of clinical, laboratory, and sonographic findings can contribute to preoperative diagnosis of adnexal torsion, with predicted probability of 85%. Our model may assist clinicians in evaluating women with suspected adnexal torsion, and improve preoperative diagnostic accuracy.

A retrospective cohort study on the clinical course of ovarian torsion in females with abdominal pain

Objective: The goal of this study was to examine the clinical and ultrasonographic features of females who presented with abdominal discomfort and had ovarian torsion against those who did not. Methods: This was a cohort study that looked back included all female patients who presented to a referral private clinic with pelvic and/or abdominal pain between January 2017 and December 2020. Patients who were clinically diagnosed with torsion but had negative intra-operative findings were excluded. Patients who met the criteria were separated into two groups (ovarian torsion vs. no torsion).Symptoms including the type, location and duration of pain, presence of nausea and vomiting, abdominal tenderness, presence of adnexal masses at digital examination, ultrasound findings, pre-operative diagnosis, final diagnosis, as well as surgical management were recorded. Results: During the research period, a total of 65 female patients came with abdominal discomfort, with 17 (26.2%) having ovarian torsion and 48 (73.8%) not having torsion. 1 (5.9%) of the 17 patients with torsion were in their teenage years, 14 (87.4%) were in their reproductive years, and 2 (11.8%) were 51 years or older. All patients who had torsion presented with nausea and vomiting while none of the patients who did not have torsion had nausea and vomiting (p-value&lt;0.0001). As for pain, 38 (79.2%) had moderate pain in the no torsion group compared to none in those who had torsion since all patients who had torsion had severe pain compared to 10 (20.8%) of those who did not have torsion (p-value&lt;0.0001). Eight patients were pregnant, 5 without torsion and 3 with torsion. The length of discomfort in the torsion group was substantially longer than in the non-torsion group (52.6555.02 days vs. 16.3115.85, p-value0.0001, respectively). Three patients were menopausal, 1 with no torsion and 2 had torsion. Around 58% of the patients without torsion had negative Doppler findings for simple cyst compared to 23.5% of those with torsion. All patients who had torsion underwent surgery and all patients without torsion had regression of pelvic mass. For those who had torsion, 35.3% had their ovary removed, 58.8% had the cyst removed while ovary conserved, and 5.9% had drainage for the cyst. Conclusion: Using a combination of presenting symptoms and ultrasonography, ovarian masses may be identified and ovarian torsion suspected. Torsion must be detected early in order to get conservative therapy and maintain the reproductive capacity of younger girls.

Original Articles Preoperative Hematological Parameters for Predicting Ovarian Torsion in Patients with Mature Cystic Teratoma.

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to evaluate the preoperative hematological parameters to predict ovarian torsion in patients with ovarian mature cystic teratoma. We also analyzed the diagnostic value of these makers to predict ovarian necrosis in cases of torsion as well as the effect of torsion on ovarian reserve.Patients and MethodsThis is a retrospective study of 132 patients who received either laparoscopic or laparotomy surgery for OMCT at a single university hospital. Clinical characteristics and preoperative hematological parameters were compared between patients with or without torsion. Patients with torsion were further classified as infarction and non-infarction group. Preoperative parameters were compared between the two groups as well.ResultsWhite blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil percent, neutrophil count, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were higher in the torsion group (n=37) than the non-torsion group (n=95) (p<0.05 for all). Although statistically insignificant, the preoperative anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) was lower in the torsion group than the non-torsion group (4.07 ± 3.38 vs 6.1 ± 3.6, p=0.122). In cases of torsion, the infarction group showed higher WBC count and lymphocyte count but lower hemoglobin level and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) than the non-infarction group (p<0.05 for all).ConclusionThe WBC count, neutrophil percent, neutrophil count, and NLR were higher in the cases of OMCT with torsion, and these parameters may be useful to diagnose OMCT with torsion. Also, adnexal torsion may deteriorate ovarian reserved as indicated by decreased AMH in torsion group.

Maternal and perinatal outcomes following laparoscopy for suspected adnexal torsion during pregnancy: a multicenter cohort study.

To investigate the association of maternal and perinatal outcomes with the surgical diagnosis of adnexal torsion in a retrospective cohort of women operated for suspected torsion during pregnancy. This is a multicenter retrospective study and telephone questionnaire of urgent laparoscopies that occurred during pregnancy for suspected torsion between 2004 and 2019 in three tertiary medical centers. Pregnancy outcomes of women with the surgical diagnosis were compared with those whose laparoscopy was negative for adnexal torsion. Multivariable regression modeling was applied to control for possible confounders ((adjusted odds ratios (aOR) ± 95% confidence intervals (CI)]. The study cohort included 186 women. Adnexal torsion was surgically found in 129/186 (69.4%) cases. The torsion group was characterized by higher rate of nulliparity, fertility treatments and multiple gestations as well as lower rates of previous cesarean delivery. Live birth was reported for 171 (91.9%) pregnancies, and the miscarriage rate was significantly higher in the non-torsion group. Women with torsion were more likely to be hospitalizes due to preterm labor; however, rates of preterm delivery were comparable between the groups (10.8% vs. 10.9%, p = 0.99). Logistic regression analysis had demonstrated that the performance of laparoscopy prior to 8weeks of gestation was the only independent factor associated with miscarriage (8.23, 2.01-33.67). Pregnancy outcomes following the diagnosis of adnexal torsion throughout gestation were overall favorable. Laparoscopic procedure during early stages of pregnancy was associated with higher rates of miscarriage, regardless of the surgical diagnosis of adnexal torsion.

Recoding Lie algebraic subshifts

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>We study internal Lie algebras in the category of subshifts on a fixed group – or Lie algebraic subshifts for short. We show that if the acting group is virtually polycyclic and the underlying vector space has dense homoclinic points, such subshifts can be recoded to have a cellwise Lie bracket. On the other hand there exist Lie algebraic subshifts (on any finitely-generated non-torsion group) with cellwise vector space operations whose bracket cannot be recoded to be cellwise. We also show that one-dimensional full vector shifts with cellwise vector space operations can support infinitely many compatible Lie brackets even up to automorphisms of the underlying vector shift, and we state the classification problem of such brackets. <p style='text-indent:20px;'>From attempts to generalize these results to other acting groups, the following questions arise: Does every f.g. group admit a linear cellular automaton of infinite order? Which groups admit abelian group shifts whose homoclinic group is not generated by finitely many orbits? For the first question, we show that the Grigorchuk group admits such a CA, and for the second we show that the lamplighter group admits such group shifts.

Dermoid cysts causing adnexal torsion: What are the risk factors?

ObjectiveDermoid cysts (benign mature cystic teratoma) are a relatively common cause of adnexal torsion. We aimed to identify the clinical and surgical characteristics associated with adnexal torsion involving dermoid cysts. Study designRetrospective review of all cases of ovarian dermoid cysts (as diagnosed by pathology evaluation) operated in our department between 2008−2019. We collected information on demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, and surgical findings and compared those parameters among women with and without adnexal torsion. ResultsThe study cohort included 231 patients who were operated for ovarian dermoid cysts. Of these, the surgery was performed urgently for suspected adnexal torsion in 77 (33.3%) cases, while adnexal torsion was surgically diagnosed in 51 (22.1%) cases. Diagnosis of torsion was significantly associated with younger mean age (28.8 ± 14.4 years in torsion cases versus 34.5 ± 14.8 years in non-torsion cases, p = 0.01), but not with the mean cyst diameter (81.9 ± 26.3 mm in the torsion group versus 74.7 ± 35.9 mm in the non-torsion group, p = 0.1). Regarding cyst size, torsion was found in women with cyst diameter ≤ 55 mm (9 cases, 17.7% of torsion cases), 60−90 mm (30 cases, 58.8%), and ≥ 100 mm (12 cases, 23.5%) (p = 0.1 for comparison between all groups and p = 0.05 for comparison between the small diameter group versus the intermediate/large diameter groups). Although abdominal pain was reported in most women with and without torsion, patients with adnexal torsion were significantly more likely to present with nausea and/or vomiting (24 cases [47.1%], versus 14 cases [7.8%], respectively, p < 0.001). ConclusionTorsion of dermoid cysts is associated with younger age, but not with the mean cyst’s diameter. Surgical removal of dermoid cysts should be considered in pre-menarchal girls, adolescents and young women to prevent adnexal torsion.

On the Lower Bound of the Derived Length of the Unit Group of a Nontorsion Group Algebra

Let G be a nonabelian nilpotent group and F a field of characteristic p > 2, such that the unit group \(\mathcal {U}(FG)\) of the group ring FG is solvable and G contains a p-element. Here we provide a lower bound for the derived length of \(\mathcal {U}(FG)\) that corrects the result from Lee et al. (Algebr. Represent. Theory 17, 1597–1601 2014) when G is nontorsion and \(G^{\prime }\) is a finite p-group.

Development of Optic Disc Torsion in Children

PurposeTo document the development of disc torsion.MethodsConsecutive disc photographs obtained at an interval of at least 1 year were reviewed retrospectively in 173 eyes of 173 Korean children. The angle of the vertical disc axis (AVDA) was measured in each fundus photograph with the fovea-disc center axis set at 0°. The associated change in the morphology of the optic disc was assessed by measuring the ratio of the horizontal to vertical disc diameters and the ratio of the maximum parapapillary atrophy width to vertical disc diameter. Eyes were divided into two groups with respect to the development of disc torsion: torsion and non-torsion group. Progressive torsion was defined as a change in AVDA between baseline and follow-up photographs beyond the coefficient of intraobserver repeatab ility. Factors associated with optic disc torsion were evaluated using logistic regression analysis.ResultsMean subject age and refractive error at the time of baseline fundus examination were 6.8 ± 1.7 (range, 2 to 11) years and 0.2 ± 2.6 (range, −6.0 to +5.5) diopters, respectively. Mean follow-up period was 44.8 ± 21.1 (range, 12 to 103) months. Forty-two eyes (24%) were classified as torsion group who showed changes in AVDA that were greater than the intraobserver measurement variability (4.5°) during the follow-up period. The development of optic disc torsion was associated with greater myopic shift, a decrease in horizontal to vertical disc diameters, and an increase in parapapillary atrophy width to vertical disc diameter.ConclusionsProgressive optic disc torsion was a common phenomenon in the children included in this study. Torsion occurred as the result of optic disc tilt in an oblique axis in most cases. The findings provide a framework for understanding torsion-related glaucomatous optic nerve damage.

Star-group identities on units of group algebras: The non-torsion case

Abstract Let G be a group, F a field and FG the corresponding group algebra. We consider an involution on FG which is the linear extension of an involution of G, e.g., g * = g - 1 {g^{*}=g^{-1}} for g ∈ G {g\in G} . This paper is focused on the characterization of a non-torsion group G provided the group of units U ⁢ ( F ⁢ G ) {U(FG)} satisfies a * {*} -group identity. The torsion case was studied in [7], and when * {*} is the classical involution, this problem was solved in the case of symmetric units in [21].

On the congruence subgroup property for GGS-groups

We show that all GGS-groups with a non-constant defining vector satisfy the congruence subgroup property. This provides, for every odd prime p p , many examples of finitely generated, residually finite, non-torsion groups whose profinite completion is a pro- p p group, and among them we find torsion-free groups. This answers a question of Barnea. On the other hand, we prove that the GGS-group with a constant defining vector has an infinite congruence kernel and is not a branch group.

ON THE CAPABILITY OF FINITELY GENERATED NON-TORSION GROUPS OF NILPOTENCY CLASS 2

AbstractA group is called capable if it is a central factor group. In this paper, we establish a necessary condition for a finitely generated non-torsion group of nilpotency class 2 to be capable. Using the classification of two-generator non-torsion groups of nilpotency class 2, we determine which of them are capable and which are not and give a necessary and sufficient condition for a two-generator non-torsion group of class 2 to be capable in terms of the torsion-free rank of its factor commutator group.

Subnormality conditions in non-torsion groups

According to results of Heineken and Stadelmann, a non-torsion group is a 2-Baer group if and only if it is 2-Engel, and it has all subgroups 2-subnormal if and only if it is nilpotent of class 2. We extend some of these results to values ofngreater than 2. Any non-torsion group which is ann-Baer group is ann-Engel group. The converse holds forn= 3, and for allnin the case of metabelian groups. A non-torsion group without involutions having all subgroups 3-subnormal has nilpotency class 4, and this bound is sharp.

Weakly recurrent and almost periodic points in βG

Let G be a group. We will study the relationship between AG and WRG. In Nassar [1] it has been shown that if G is a nontorsion group, then AG⫋RG. In this paper we will show that if G contains a subset A such that K.A is not left thick for each finite set K and A is not a finite union of thin sets, then AG⫋WRG.

Groups with dense normal subgroups

A group is said to have dense normal subgroups, if each non-empty open interval in its lattice of subgroups contains a normal subgroup. The structure of this and related classes of groups is investigated. Typical results are: an infinite group with dense ascendant subgroups is locally nilpotent: a nontorsion group with dense normal subgroups is abelian, etc.