Non-system Approach Research Articles

Non-systemic Approaches for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: Exploring the Potential of Ultra-flexible Combisomes as a Novel Drug Delivery Strategy-a Review.

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is currently treated through breast-conserving surgery (lumpectomy), radiation therapy, breast-removing surgery (mastectomy), and hormone therapy to prevent further progression into invasive breast cancer and recurrence. Discrepancies concerning the prognosis of DCIS have sparked controversy about adequate treatment. Considering the severe medical and psychological consequences of mastectomy, developing a treatment approach that arrests the progression of DCIS to the invasive stage without affecting the non-cancerous cells is of utmost importance. In the current review, the problems associated with the diagnosis and management of DCIS have been thoroughly discussed. A summary of the route of administration and drug delivery systems to manage DCIS was also provoked. Innovative ultra-flexible combisomes were also proposed for the effective management of DCIS. Prevention is essential in managing the risk of DCIS and reducing the risk of progression to invasive breast cancer. While prevention is vital, it is not always possible to prevent DCIS, and in some cases, treatment may be necessary. Hence, this review recommends that ultra-flexible combisomes administered as a topical gel provide a non-systemic approach for managing DCIS and thus significantly minimize the side effects and costs associated with existing therapies.

Lack of adaptability in Brazilian social housing: impacts on residents

Brazilian social housing is used to address the country’s housing deficit through government programs with the massive production of standardised affordable housing. This non-systemic approach is shown to neglect residents’ changing needs over time and results in inflexible housing in relation to environmental, constructive, and social issues. The use of inappropriate spatial patterns fails to account for residents’ current socioeconomic and spatial realities. Quantitative/qualitative methods involving residents (<em>n</em> = 162) and two case studies are used to assess resilience in social housing. The costs and implications arising from a lack of housing adaptability are identified. An ‘impact assessment’ tool is employed to document the shocks and tensions experienced by residents along with the negative effects on the house and its occupants. These impacts increase the vulnerability of families and hinder their adaptive capacity. The identification of major impacts and residents’ perceptions can be used to establish priorities for action. <em><strong>Policy relevance</strong></em> Post-occupancy evaluation (POE) processes provide a more systemic approach to identifying and resolving the problems of creating housing fit for purpose. An impact evaluation tool was developed to help with a positive transformation. This indicates how architects, urban planners, and communities can act to mitigate and solve the problems experienced by users of social housing. The use of systemic POE in social housing can inform policies and planning practices that address the needs of residents. It is also intended to provide design information to agents involved in the production of social housing in Brazil, notably designers and users, in order to foster effective strategies to promote more resilient housing, especially in scenarios of intervention and renovations during use. These tools and processes contribute to fulfilling Habitat III’s New Urban Agenda and the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 1, 10, and 11).

ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ РЕЗЕРВОВ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ОПЕРЕЖАЮЩИМ УСТОЙЧИВЫМ РАЗВИТИЕМ СЕЛЬСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ

The article deals with the theoretical and methodological problems of studying the reserves for improving the management of advanced sustainable development (ESD) in the socio-natural-economic space of the agro-industrial complex and rural areas (SNES agro-industrial complex and RA) based on new technological paradigms and associated externs (external effects). The author's definition of the concept of ESD and the main components and methodology of regional state strategies in the context of the blocks of the conference ESD SNES AIC and RA are proposed. Measures are proposed to facilitate the transition of the SEP of the agro-industrial complex and the RA to the ESD based on active and targeted state support, investment-targeted programs and schemes for the development and deployment of the productive forces of agro-industrial production. In the context of global challenges, threats and new risks associated with political and economic sanctions and embargoes, the impending global food crisis, growing competition in the level of development at the regional level, the issue of forming an intersectoral integrative management of advanced sustainable development (ESD) of the socio-natural-economic space is being updated (SNES agro-industrial complex and rural areas of the RA) - the driver of the socio-economic development of Russia and ensuring its national security and sovereignty, "building" the state of development. At the same time, the existing low-management, costly and non-systemic approach, traditionally used in the implementation of the strategy of "integrated sustainable development of rural areas", has been criticized due to contradictions in the theory and methodology of integrative management of reserves and development factors, which led to excessive cost, low quality and competitiveness of the agro-industrial sector of the country, the need to strengthen import substitution in the agro-industrial complex. This article proposes the author's modification of the theoretical analysis of the reserves and factors of ESD SNES AIC and RA, with the help of which the process of evolutionary views on the management of the spatial advanced development of ST based on new technological modes and associated externs is modernized. To form a holistic view of the ESD SNES AIC and RA, it is proposed to use a system-complex-reserve-factorial approach, in which the problem of theoretical and methodological contradictions is solved and the endogenous and exogenous parameters of the construct under consideration are solved more comprehensively and systematically. The author's definition of the concept of ESD is given. The recommendations for solving the problems of state regulation in the management system of ESD SNES AIC and RA are substantiated, the issues of increasing competitiveness and technological leadership in the context of ESD, the application of program-target methods in the management of ESD are considered. The author's model of successively implemented managerial decisions in achieving the goals of the ESD strategies SNES AIC and RA has been developed. The results of the study can be applied by state and local authorities in the development and implementation of a socially-oriented and environmentally-saving strategy for ESD in the agro-industrial complex and the RA.

Особенности дистанционного труда: сетевая и платформенная занятость

The article offers the interpretation of the phenomenon of "network and platform labor employment", clarifies the legal nature, as well as general and special signs. The analysis of the norms of labor legislation in order to ensure the social and labor rights of the "network" worker and the review of the rights protection practice show the collisions and gaps of the local legal regulation due to insufficient legal succession. The problems of ambiguous understanding in differentiation of platform and network employment, non-systemic approach of public regulation connected with increase of employee's load when using hybrid form of labor, and also legal indifference of "platform employers" are disclosed. The specifics of law enforcement for the protection of workers' rights allow us to argue about the imperative of compliance and enforcement of labor law norms in the use of information and communication and digital technologies in the implementation of distance employment.

A systematic approach to substantiating the optimal location of production of goods

The article proves that an isolated, non-systemic approach to the analysis of potential sales markets when justifying production placement may not give the right result, since the spot will not be guaranteed to be the best for placement, because even in simple situations there are many other options for targeting sales markets when justifying placement production. It determines that with a systemic approach, variants of combinations of locally optimal production sites, the total production capacity of which is equal to the general (systemic) demand, will be compared. For each attractive place of production, a locally optimal place of production is determined from the list of existing attractive places of production. The article emphasizes that locally optimal locations cannot be directly compared with each other, as their choice is determined by orientation on different potential sales markets. With three potential sales markets, there will be 5 options for combinations of locally optimal locations (1 option, which involves placing production in three spots, 1 option involving the placement of production in one spot, 3 options involving the placement of production in two spots), which form competing variants of systemically optimal spots for the placement of production. The application of the proposed systemic approach to the justification of production placement and the corresponding methodology is demonstrated on a conditional example with geographic coordinates. The systemic approach offered in the article for justifying the optimal location of the production of a single good can be adapted to a more complex or compound situation when the optimal location of the production of several goods is justified at the same time (including when one of the goods is used for the production of other goods). The most important advantage of the systemic approach is that it can be used in different branches of industry and agriculture as well.

Framework of contradictions shaping bank management: a conceptual paper

Purpose: The paper is an attempt to enter the discussion in the subject literature on elucidating problems in the non-systemic approach to managing the bank as an organization. The purpose of the paper is to identify the contradictions within which banks are managed, and which are aggravated in contingency situations. Due to the sensitive matter of the services they provide, banks are institutions that require special attention particularly now, when the COVID situation is radically testing management quality. Design/methodology/approach: The paper is the result of a literature review. Findings: The epistemological studies conducted have culminated in a framework of contradictory determinants shaping bank management during fast-paced changes in market conditions. The theoretical construct proposed may be a point of departure for empirical verification and further analytic work on the capacity of banks to reconcile the antinomies identified in the paper. Originality/value: The study makes it possible for managers to fill the knowledge gap with respect to areas and implications of the identified contradictions. Awareness of their existence and, as a result, management that supports processes for responding to a volatile environment is particularly useful in crisis situations. The proposed theoretical concept may be applied to identify antinomies or their lack in other areas of management research for various organization types.

Social security as an object of public administration in Ukraine and over the world

Based on the analysis of current legislation governing administrative relations in the security and defense sector, the article analyzes the place and role of social security in the national security system and formulates a number of scientifically sound proposals for further intelligence in this area. It is emphasized that a characteristic feature of the organizational and legal mechanism of national security of Ukraine in the social sphere as an object of public administration is the loss of the category of social security integrity of clearly defined areas of public relations, as the interests of individuals and forms of government do not always coincide. The mechanism of social security is in a state of constant transformation, reflecting in most cases the negative consequences of a non-systemic approach to creating an effective model for countering challenges and threats.

Oral Superabsorbent Hydrogel (Plenity) for Weight Management.

To describe the mechanism, clinical trial data, adverse effects, and potential role in therapy of an oral superabsorbent hydrogel (OSH) for weight management. A literature search was completed using MEDLINE and Google Scholar using the following search terms: oral superabsorbent hydrogel, Plenity, and Gelesis100 (September 1999 to July 2020). Abstracts and posters were identified from relevant scientific congress archives and published supplements. All available studies were considered. Only human studies were used for drug interaction, efficacy, and safety data. OSH is a first-in-class, nonsystemic agent for weight management. It is indicated for use in patients with a body mass index (BMI) of 25 to 40 kg/m2 regardless of comorbidity status. OSH functions primarily through space occupancy in the stomach and small intestine. Studies have demonstrated that OSH has modest weight loss efficacy and a favorable safety profile, with no significant difference in overall adverse events compared with placebo. OSH is one of the only prescription antiobesity therapeutics (AOTs) that can be utilized in overweight patients with BMI equal to 25 to 30 kg/m2, regardless of comorbidity status. Given its nonsystemic mechanism of action and safety profile, OSH may help shift the focus of weight management toward patients with a lower BMI. OSH offers a nonsystemic approach to weight management for patients who are diagnosed with overweight or obesity. As an alternative option to current pharmacological AOTs, OSH may address an existing clinical gap in weight management.

Intelligent CRM systems of transport companies

High technological efficiency and the use of intelligent systems are the main internal factors in the evolution of the transport company. Transportation companies are introducing digital infrastructure, trying to achieve practical results by focusing on customer demand, such as actively using Customer Relationship Management and holding on to the customer, increasing their loyalty. But there are problems in activating such systems because of their heterogeneity and non-systemic approach to their use. A system analysis is needed, which is the main purpose of this article. This problem is discussed in this article for highly competitive transport (logistics) business. The capabilities and impact of the transport company 's customer relationship management systems in the cloud are analyzed. The method of organization and regulation of business processes oriented to relations with clients, creation and development of cloud business infrastructure is proposed. The evolutionary cycle of the transport system in cloud infrastructure is described. A comprehensive multiplicative transportation efficiency model similar to the Allen model has been built and described how to use it to evaluate system self-regulation. The results of the work can become a methodological basis for solving practical problems of business processes of transport systems and their transfer to cloud infrastructure.

Type I collagen hydrogels as a delivery matrix for royal jelly derived extracellular vesicles

Throughout the last decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become increasingly popular in several areas of regenerative medicine. Recently, Apis mellifera royal jelly EVs (RJ EVs) were shown to display favorable wound healing properties such as stimulation of mesenchymal stem cell migration and inhibition of staphylococcal biofilms. However, the sustained and effective local delivery of EVs in non-systemic approaches – such as patches for chronic cutaneous wounds – remains an important challenge for the development of novel EV-based wound healing therapies. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the suitability of type I collagen -a well-established biomaterial for wound healing – as a continuous delivery matrix. RJ EVs were integrated into collagen gels at different concentrations, where gels containing 2 mg/ml collagen were found to display the most stable release kinetics. Functionality of released RJ EVs was confirmed by assessing fibroblast EV uptake and migration in a wound healing assay. We could demonstrate reliable EV uptake into fibroblasts with a sustained pro-migratory effect for up to 7 d. Integrating fibroblasts into the RJ EV-containing collagen gel increased the contractile capacity of these cells, confirming availability of RJ EVs to fibroblasts within the collagen gel. Furthermore, EVs released from collagen gels were found to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 biofilm formation. Overall, our results suggest that type I collagen could be utilized as a reliable, reproducible release system to deliver functional RJ EVs for wound healing therapies.

INSTITUTIONAL STRATEGIES OF SYSTEM SECURITY OF TECHNOLOGICAL &amp; INNOVATION SYSTEMS

The purpose of this study is to consider the main aspects of system security providing institutional concept within the technological &amp;amp; innovation systems research methodology development through institutional innovations. In this paper, we will consider how the new evolutionary institutional theory of economic systems in the context of the space-time approach can help in organizing strategic management of development path of the innovation system, increasing system security, and effectiveness of its activities through the balance of system structure. Methodology. The scientific novelty of the research and the solution of its tasks deals, first of all, with the application of the non-system approach, which allows one to consider the factors and results of functioning of such complex economic systems as innovation macro projects, innovation processes, institutional and informational environments, etc. within the framework of providing national security. Involvement on a systematic basis of spatiotemporal analysis allows us to consider in the interrelation processes the distribution of flows of innovation resources and functions, on the one hand, and the distribution in time of similar flows. To solve the tasks of research, the classical scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, logical generalization, analogies, comparative comparison, and grapho-analytical methods), and specific methods of high technologies economy and innovation management were used. Results. As a result of the study, the features of the systemic socio-economic patterns of the functioning of innovation system institutions and the mechanism of management of innovation development in the conditions of modern global technological transformations have been determined. In the future, this makes possible the substantiation of promising areas of state regulation (participation) aimed at activating innovation processes in the economy according to the priorities related to scientific and educational, cluster and network development, and the development of a set of models for the harmonization of the system of priorities of national security and sectoral priorities of innovation development. Using the gained knowledge in practice will help to improve the state of national security, resource saving, improve conditions, and increase labour productivity, as well as the transition to sustainable development of the national economy. Practical implications. Systemic coordination of innovation components of state programs, stimulation of innovation activity, involvement of financial strategies in the innovation economy, expansion of international cooperation and activation of demand for high-tech products, increasing the effectiveness of innovation development programs of companies, and launching of national projects have been proposed as the objectives of forming institutional innovations. The proposed institutional and technological design methodology provides for the selection of institutional tools and scaling of the most effective development tools. Value/originality. The proposed network mechanisms for systemic security ensuring provide the improvement of implementing innovative development programs for the largest companies with state participation; further development of priority technological platforms and innovation networks; harmonization of technological priorities and projects formed within the framework of technological platforms, with the tools of state strategies.

Оценка крупномасштабных железнодорожных проектов: неосистемный подход

The problem of assessing the social effectiveness of large-scale railway projects (hereinafter referred to as the CPAW) is considered in this article in the light of J. Kornais system paradigm and its instrumental specification as a non-system approach. In this context, the CPCR is analyzed as large and complex socio-technical systems. The objects of research are the Lensko-Kamchatskaya and Subpolar railway lines, which are at the stage of pre-investment studies in the first case and partially implemented in the second, when the uncertainty of costs and results is extremely high. To assess the comparative effectiveness of these projects, computer products were used – foreign and domestic, designed to work within the framework of the theory of making complex decisions with semiverbal models and expert information. Computational experiments have shown that different computer products, as a means of supporting investment decision-making procedures, give analysts different recommendations about the preference of compared projects. It is shown that the reason is inadequate accounting for foreign products (as applied to large-scale projects) of the uncertainty factor. The conclusion is made about the productivity of the tools of the neosystemic approach implemented by the authors of the article as an integrator of verbal and mathematical models in evaluating large-scale projects in a situation of uncertainty.

A Systemic Characterization of Organizational Marketing

Abstract The great diversity of marketing definitions and characterizations is not favorable to the theory and practice of the 21st century management, being, generally, the consequence of a non-systemic approach and analysis of organization/ company functions. The present work aims to contribute to the increase of management and marketing rigor in order to achieve lasting/ sustainable progress in all areas. The methodology of systemic approach and analysis is applied at the level of organization/ company functions, while deepening the “marketing” mixed complex function. Starting from an original model “7 Environments - 7 Resources/ Products”, a systemic model with 11 functions of the organization/ company is being developed, the holistic (systemic) marketing and the related 9P marketing mix are being defined and characterized in a systemic manner, the stages of the lasting/ sustainable competitiveness cycle of holistic marketing is being described. The in-depth study of the content of self-contained cycles for the lasting/ sustainable competitiveness of organizations/ enterprises is the topics of future research. Applying the results in practice facilitates the organization's orientation towards lasting/ sustainable progress.

PLACE OF RESIDENCE: THE SPACE OF SOCIO-PEDAGOGICAL TRANSFORMATIONS

Introduction. In modern society Pedagogics is no longer the domain only of tutors, school teachers and teachers of educational institutions of general and vocational training of various levels. Pedagogics, being in integration with Sociology, Philosophy, Psychology, and Cultural Science, has an impact on sociocultural life of both all society and local communities, along with well-being of children and families, and population’s quality of life. In some regions ofRussia, state bodies responsible for the administration of education and social sphere call for Social Pedagogics in order to consolidate the population; to solve local problems; to strengthen the family and government institutions. Social Pedagogics, in contrast to financial-economic measures, can not change unsatisfactory material conditions and poor housing, but contributes to the spread of ideas of humanity, mutual aid, solidarity and cooperation; then stimulates positive creation that is especially important when a person or his/her family are in difficult life situations. The aims of the publication are: to disclose the leading tendencies of socio-pedagogical and socio-cultural activity with children and families at the place of residence; to represent the results of the first stage of the project “Development and Realization of Socio-Pedagogical Potential of Territorial Communities” developed at the Institute for Study of Childhood, Family and Education of the Russian Academy of Education. Methodology and research methods . The research provided in the article is based on system-activity approach. When studying the general background of social transformations, non-system approach was used, which importance increases in connection with the growing dynamics of social changes, ambiguity of a vital context, instability and diversity of society development. The analysis of municipalwork with children and families at the place of residence and assessment of practical activities efficiency of Social Care teachers of different specializations was carried out on the basis of questioning among parents. Results and scientific novelty . Modern forms of collective participation of citizens in education of younger generation are revealed, studied, and generalized. It is shown that the task of transformation of the place of residence into education space in a city and rural settlements can be successfully solved by means of creation of territorial communities – new social structures of modern civil society.The characteristic of such territorial communities is given; the need for its deve-lopment is proved. It is evident that similar communities promote expansion of purposeful social and educational work with children and families at their places of residence. Practical significance. The results and experience of creation of territorial communities obtained in the course of the investigation can support the development of municipal models for organization of socio-pedagogical and socio-cultural work with children and members of their families.

УРБАНІСТИЧНІ ТА АКСІОЛОГІЧНІ ДОМІНАНТИ У РОМАНІ СЕРГІЯ ЖАДАНА «ДЕПЕШ МОД»

The article describes the features of the author's interpretation of the figurative and axiological system; demarcation of collective and individual memory; typical rejection of the adult world; research of this segment of the national literary space is extremely important, given the rather one-sided and non-systemic approach to the analysis of the novel by Sergiy Zhadan, ”Depeche Mode”; analyzed the formation and development of the individual in post-Chernobyl, postcolonial conditions. Modern Ukrainian literature is a combination of tradition and innovation. It is not a purely postmodern, postcolonial. Postmodern Ukrainian Literature - is not the negation of the phenomenon of “novelty” alienation, the desire to play and change masks, ironic laughter, grotesque excess and abuse. Ukrainian postcolonial literature - a rethinking of Soviet and imperial “stamps” that exist in independent Ukraine. In modern Ukrainian literature is itself significant urban space, which is associated with the representation of values, traditions, ways of thinking and expression. Understanding of art space in the post-colonial Ukrainian literature gives possibility to decode axiological changes / movements of each character of the work, define priorities, and highlight psychological dominants.

Systemic therapy of childhood atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common childhood inflammatory disease that, in a small percentage of cases, can become severe enough to require potent systemic treatment. Many trials have been conducted with systemic agents for the treatment of severe pediatric AD; we review the evidence here. Although corticosteroids are widely used in practice, they are not generally recommended as a systemic treatment option for AD in children. Most patients experience a relatively rapid and robust response to cyclosporine. Treating children with cyclosporine long term is troubling; however, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, and methotrexate are all reasonable alternatives for maintenance therapy in recalcitrant cases. Several additional options are available for the most refractory cases, including interferon-γ, intravenous immunoglobulin, and various biologics. Phototherapy is another modality that can be effective in treating severe AD. Ultimately the choice of agent is individualized. Systemic therapy options are associated with potentially severe adverse effects and require careful monitoring. Nonsystemic approaches toward prevention of flares and long-term control of atopic dermatitis in pediatric patients should be continued in conjunction with systemic therapy. In the future, more targeted systemic treatments hold the potential for effective control of disease with fewer side effects than broadly immunosuppressive agents.

Integrated travel demand models for evacuations: a bridge between social science and engineering

Since 9/11, the Indian Ocean tsunami and hurricane Katrina, the number of papers that are being published related to mobility simulation in evacuation conditions has significantly increased. Though several topics have been developed, they tend to be implemented with an isolated and non-system approach and for specific kinds of dangerous events. This work aims to present a classification and specification of demand models for mobility simulation in evacuation conditions under different evacuation scenarios, in respect to different temporal conditions. A general framework is proposed to support the analysis of dangerous events, in respect of type and effects, especially in time. Three different temporal evolutions are identified and systematized: event developments and the relative conditioning on the system; user modification of behavior; and planning and management evolution. Leaving from the integrated temporal evolutions, the user behavior in the system context is analyzed and specificmodels are developed. The importance of SP surveys to analyze user behavior in evacuation conditions is highlighted and a hybrid class of surveys, termed SP with a physical check, is introduced. An integrated demand model is specified and calibrated for a dangerous event with effects on travel demand, with diffuse effects in space and delayed in time, according a behavioral approach. Keywords Evacuation, temporal axis, behavioral demand models. Language: en

A Systemic Description of Sustainable Progress

The purpose of this paper is to shed light from a systemic perspective on the question: ‘How can the sustainable progress of the real systems SR(t,c,g) in any space-time-resources domain Dstr(t,c,g) of Universe/Multiverse be defined?’. In the first part of the paper, within a traditional, limited, non-integrative and non-systemic approach, the manner of the concept and determinants of sustainable progress is established. In the second part, a systemic approach is applied to the elaboration of new principled models for defining and achieving the integrative sustainable progress PsS(t,c,g), through c, c+1, ….. behavioural cycles and g, g+1, …. successive - parallel generations of entities SR(t,c,g). The principled model emphasizes the determinants categories of the progress PsS(t,c,g) in a domain Dstr(t,c,g): (1) Sustainable resources and environments RMs(t,c,g); (2) Sustainable competitive power CKs(t,c,g); (3) Sustainable/self-sustainable stability Sas(t,c,g); (4) Sustainable integrative innovation Iis(t,c,g); (5) Competitiveness and sustainable competitiveness program/culture Kcs(t,c,g); (6) Sustainable periodic welfare Bps(t,c,g); (7) Sustainable activation/entrepreneurship and mobility Ams(t,c,g) in the domain Dstr(t,c,g) or/and in other domains Dstr(t,c,g), more favourable for the future progress. The determinants categories of the progress PsS(t,c,g) are detailed in a model of the sustainable progress cycle with more space-time-resources domains {Dstr(t,c,g)}.

Evidence-based Guidance for the Management of Postherpetic Neuralgia in Primary Care

This article aims to help primary care physicians negotiate gaps in current guidelines for postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). The objectives of this article are to: 1) briefly review the available guidelines and identify their strengths and weaknesses; 2) review the gaps in the guidelines; 3) review new data that were not included in the most recent guidelines; 4) provide expert opinion on how the new data and current guidelines can be used to make treatment decisions; and 5) review several important dimensions of care (eg, tolerability, dosing) and provide guidance. In general, all guidelines recognize the α2δ ligands, tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), opioids, and tramadol as efficacious systemic options, with topical lidocaine serving as an efficacious nonsystemic approach for localized PHN treatment. The first-line treatment options typically recommended in the guidelines are α2δ ligands and TCAs, while opioids and tramadol are often recommended as second- or third-line options. Since the latest guidelines were published, newer agents (eg, topical capsaicin [8%] patch and gastroretentive gabapentin) have met the standard as first-line therapy with the publication of ≥ 1 randomized controlled trial. However, gabapentin enacarbil has not met this standard due to a lack of a published randomized controlled trial in PHN.

Nonsystemic Approaches to the Management of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

Nonsystemic Approaches to the Management of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma