Nonstatic Effects Research Articles

The non-static effect of near-surface inhomogeneity on CSAMT data

Controlled source audio-frequency magnetotelluric (CSAMT) method has several advantages over magnetotelluric (MT) method, which includes the recording of lower noise signal and higher resolution data. However, CSAMT field data can still be distorted by the effect of near surface inhomogeneous body. It may be confused with static effect just like in MT, if three-dimensional subsurface geological body is buried under the receiver. Traditionally, the method used in static correction is adopted similar to that used in MT method for many years. In comparison, MT are the natural electric and magnetic fields in the frequency range of 0.0001Hz to 500Hz, while CSAMT fields are applied at frequencies ranging from 0.1 to 10kHz. Hence, in this paper, the non-static effect of near-surface inhomogeneity in CSAMT was simulated through theoretical modeling and we summarized its characteristics. If the skin depth is much larger than the size of the near-surface inhomogeneous body that is close to the measurement point, the anomalous body causes a static effect which is represented by vertical shift in apparent resistivity curves for all frequencies from their expected values, but when the skin depth is much smaller than the size of the near-surface inhomogeneous body in the vicinity of the measurement point, the apparent resistivity curve at high frequencies remains unchanged, while at lower frequencies shift in value is observed. The near-surface effect may be confused with static effect in data processing; however, it cannot be corrected using previous static correction methods, but by using the two-dimensional inversion method. Hence, for such CSAMT data, both effective processing technique and inversion process is of great significance.

Modified gravityN-body code comparison project

Self-consistent ${\it N}$-body simulations of modified gravity models are a key ingredient to obtain rigorous constraints on deviations from General Relativity using large-scale structure observations. This paper provides the first detailed comparison of the results of different ${\it N}$-body codes for the $f(R)$, DGP, and Symmetron models, starting from the same initial conditions. We find that the fractional deviation of the matter power spectrum from $\Lambda$CDM agrees to better than $1\%$ up to $k \sim 5-10~h/{\rm Mpc}$ between the different codes. These codes are thus able to meet the stringent accuracy requirements of upcoming observational surveys. All codes are also in good agreement in their results for the velocity divergence power spectrum, halo abundances and halo profiles. We also test the quasi-static limit, which is employed in most modified gravity ${\it N}$-body codes, for the Symmetron model for which the most significant non-static effects among the models considered are expected. We conclude that this limit is a very good approximation for all of the observables considered here.

Wide-Band Measurements of Nondeterministic Effects on the BRAN Indoor Radio Channel

External nonstatic effects on the indoor radio channel can be classified according to their natures; they can be quasistatic, as are those due to the furnishing and decoration of rooms, or clearly dynamic, as are those forced by the movement of people and pets within the propagation environment. So, it can be stated that people acting and walking nearby the antennas of radio-communication systems introduce nondeterministic effects in the radio channel, whereas walls, ceiling, floors, and even doors and windows are structural elements whose influence can be modeled by ray-tracing tools, the activity of people (both movement and variations in the distribution of elements such as furniture or decorative objects) introduces stochastic components in the channel characteristics prediction. Deterministic tools cannot model these effects, but their experimental knowledge will allow radio-network designers to keep guard values for the different design parameters at the same time that they plan the radio network. In this manner, the quality of service provided by these communication systems could be preserved. This paper shows the results and analysis of measurement campaigns performed in static and dynamic conditions, in order to compare the behavior of both narrow and wide-band parameters of the radio channel, including people activity within the environment.

Phenomenological quark model for baryon magnetic moments and beta decay ratios(GA/GV)

Baryon magnetic moments and beta decay ratios ${(G}_{A}{/G}_{V})$ are calculated in a phenomenological quark model. Nonstatic effects of pion exchange and orbital excitation are included. Good agreement with experiment is found for a combined fit to all measured baryon magnetic moments and beta decay ratios. The model predicts an antiquark content for the proton that is consistent with the Gottfried sum rule.

The Rest-Frame Darwin Potential from the Lienard–Wiechert Solution in the Radiation Gauge

In the semiclassical approximation in which the electric charges of scalar particles are described by Grassmann variables (Q2i=0, QiQj≠0), it is possible to re-express the Lienard–Wiechert potentials and electric fields in the radiation gauge as phase space functions, because the difference among retarded, advanced, and symmetric Green functions is of order Q2i. By working in the rest-frame instant form of dynamics, the elimination of the electromagnetic degrees of freedom by means of suitable second classs contraints leads to the identification of the Lienard–Wiechert reduced phase space containing only N charged particles with mutual action-at-a-distance vector and scalar potentials. A Darboux canonical basis of the reduced phase space is found. This allows one to re-express the potentials for arbitrary N as a unique effective scalar potential containing the Coulomb potential and the complete Darwin one, whose 1/c2 component agrees with the known expression. The effective potential gives the classical analogue of all static and non-static effects of the one-photon exchange Feynman diagram of scalar electrodynamics.

A compact double-gate MOSFET model comprising quantum-mechanical and nonstatic effects

In this work, we investigate the electrical properties of the Double-Gate MOSFET (DG-MOSFET), which turn out to be very promising for device miniaturization below 0.1 /spl mu/m. A compact model which accounts for charge quantization within the channel, Fermi statistics, and nonstatic effects in the transport model is worked out. The main results of this investigation are: (1) the ideality factor in subthreshold is equal to unity, i.e., the slope of the turn-on characteristic is 60 mV/decade at room temperature; (2) the drain-induced barrier lowering is minimized by the shielding effect of the double gate, which allows us to reduce the channel length below 30 nm; and (3) the device transconductance per unit width is maximized by the combination of the double gate and by a strong velocity overshoot which occurs in response to the sudden variation of the electric field at the source end of the channel, and which can be further strengthened near the drain in view of the short device length. As a result, a sustained electron velocity of nearly twice the saturation velocity is achievable. The above results prove that the potential performance advantages of the double-gate device architecture may be worth the development effort.

Nonstatic Effect on the Intersoliton Potential and the 1/N Expansion

We examine, in the sine-Gordon laboratory, a nonstatic effect on constructing the classical intersoliton potential starting from the sum-ansatz configuration and the validity of the 1/N expan­ sion in the two-soliton sector, where the 1/N expansion means the expansion in powers of the coupling constant or of the inverse of the soliton mass.

Nonstatic Effect on the Intersoliton Potential and the 1/N Expansion

We examine, in the sine-Gordon laboratory, a nonstatic effect on constructing the classical intersoliton potential starting from the sum-ansatz configuration and the validity of the 1/N expansion in the two-soliton sector, where the 1/N expansion means the expansion in powers of the coupling constant or of the inverse of the soliton mass.

HAWKING-UNRUH THERMAL EFFECT AND FOUR-COMPONENT WAVE FUNCTION OF DIRAC SPINOR PARTICLES IN NON-STATIC RINDLER SPACE-TIME

The dynamical properties of Dirac spinor particles in a non-static Rindler space-time is studied. The explicit representative of the four-component wave function of Dirac particles is obtained. A non-uniformly rectilinearly accelerating Rindler observer is accompanied by an event horizon depending on time. He explores some thermal radiation varying with time, whose temperature is proportional to the simultaneous acceleration. The existence of the non-static Rindler effect is confirmed.

Mixed particle Monte Carlo method for deep submicron semiconductor device simulator

A particle simulation method is introduced in which two kinds of particle models are used in one device. A conventional Monte Carlo particle model is used in the region where nonstatic effects are evident, and a particle model based on Langevin's equation is used in the region where the drift-diffusion approximation is valid. In this way it is possible to obtain efficiency and the required physical accuracy in device simulation. For the validity of this scheme, a silicon n/sup +/-n-n/sup +/ structure is simulated, and some important results are presented. >

A study of meson-baryon couplings in the constituent quark model

Within the framework of the constituent quark model we discuss the effects of different types of meson-baryon-baryon vertex operators on the form factors and the coupling strengths of the lowest-lying positive and negative parity non-strange baryons. We compare the quark pair creation model (3P0-model) with the SU(6)-model in which mesons are treated as elementary fields that directly couple to the quarks. The latter model is employed both in the so-called static limit and in a modification motivated by Galilei invariance. It is demonstrated that the inclusion of non-static effects simulates some features of the3P0 vertex. Especially the reaction πN→ππN is found to be very sensitive to the different assumptions on the dynamics of theq¯q pair creation process. More indirect hints for the internal structure of the mesons might be obtained from the predicted asymmetry for the two form factors ofN→Δ+π andΔ→N+π, which occurs in the3P0-model, only.

Non-Static Effects in a Form Factor of a Relativistic Three-Body Bound State in 1+1 Dimensions

Recently Glockle, Nogami and FukuF) (GNF) found an interesting model of two~body composite system in one space dimension, which satisfies all the requirements of quantum mechanics and special relativity, including' the Lorentz contraction of the composite system. The model is analytically solvable and clarifies the structure of a relativistic composite system and its relation to the overall translational motion. Therefore the model is able to reveal an intriguing relation between the form factor of the composite system (simulating the form factor of the deuteron determined by electron scattering) and the static density distribution of the system. As a natural extension of the GNF model (and the work in Ref. 2)), the authors have, in a more recent work,3) presented a model for three Dirac particles interacting through pairwise direct instantaneous interactions in 1 + 1 dimensions and obtained an exact solution of relativistic three-body bound state (which is normal, that is, has a correspondence with the solution in the non-relativistic problem))_ (The work of Ref. 3) is referred to as I hereafter.) In this work, we shall calculate and discuss the form factor of the relativistic three-body bound state in I, which simulates the form factor of the triton (or that of the proton). In conclusion, we shall propose a formula to relativize a form factor given by a non-relativistic model in the real world. First we state the Breit-type equation and its exact solution in 1. The Hamiltonian, the boost operator and the Breit-type equation in I are

A nonstatic approach to skyrmion-skyrmion interaction

Nonstatic aspects of the interaction between two skyrmions are studied using the product approximation. The collective coordinate for the relative motion is considered to be a time-dependent variable and its mass parameters are calculated. It is found that the nonstatic effects are attractive, but are small in the presence of the static repulsive interaction.

Nonstatic effects in the GaAs permeable base transistor

Nonstatic transport effects in the permeable base transistor (PBT) are included in a two-dimensional multiparticle Monte Carlo (MC) analysis. This approach predicts charge depletion between the gate electrodes as V GS is increased over 0.5 V, as opposed to the accumulation of a net negative space charge predicted by the conventional static mobility model. More than a 60-percent increase in unity-current gain-frequency f T , of the PBT was predicted compared with the conventional result.

Non-static effects in the one-gluon-exchange potential

The one-gluon-exchange quark-quark amplitude is evaluated explicitly in momentum space using the helicity representation, thus avoiding the non-relativistic limit. Non-static effects are investigated in detail and, for non-strange quark masses, are found to be rather important, especially in the central and tensor part.

Quark-Moment Contributions to Baryon Magnetic Moments

Recent baryon magnetic moment measurements are used to isolate individual quark magnetic moment contributions, including nonstatic effects. The pattern of symmetry breaking observed is that quarks in spin-triplet states preserve SU(3), while quarks in spin-singlet states break SU(3). Relativistic effects are suggested as the dominant symmetry breaking mechanism. The present ..sigma../sup -/ moment determination is incompatible with this analysis.

Nonstatic Effects of Constituent Quarks : Ordinary and heavy vector meson decays into ee^^- and their 2S-1S mass differences

Nonstatic Effects of Constituent Quarks : Ordinary and heavy vector meson decays into ee^^- and their 2S-1S mass differences

Implications of baryon magnetic moments for the quark model

The implications of recent baryon-magnetic-moment measurements for various assumptions in the quark model are considered. The static quark model is seen to give a qualitative understanding of the baryon magnetic moments, but fails in a quantitative test ($\frac{{\ensuremath{\chi}}^{2}}{\mathrm{DF}}=\frac{21.5}{5}$), largely due to inconsistency of the now accurate determinations of the ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}^{0}$ and ${\ensuremath{\Xi}}^{0}$ moments. Introducing nonstatic effects (orbital, relativistic, or exchange) still permits four independent sum rules to be written (for eight moments) if approximate SU(3) symmetry is assumed for quark-model wave functions. Two sum rules give good agreement with experiment, but those sum rules for any case involving the ${\ensuremath{\Xi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ or ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ moments do not, suggesting that their experimental determination is inconsistent with such a quark model.

Nonstatic effects in elastic and inelastic pion-nucleus scattering

In the framework of the isobar doorway model nonstatic terms are introduced into the effective πNΔ transition opertor through the transformation from the πN to the π-nucleus CM-system. The effect of these recoil corrections to elastic and inelastic π- 12C scattering in the Δ (33) energy range is shown to be important for the position miniam and the structure of the differential cross sections at large angles.

Model for the momentum distribution of baryon resonances in nuclei

The admixture of the $\ensuremath{\Delta}(1232)$ in finite nuclei is calculated in first order perturbation theory. In the $\ensuremath{\Delta}N$ transition potential $\ensuremath{\pi}$ and $\ensuremath{\rho}$ exchange is included, while the completeness relation is used to sum over intermediate $\ensuremath{\Delta}N$ states. The results show that due to these effects the high momentum components in the $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ wave function induced by the tensor force are reduced drastically, while the contribution from the spin term is enhanced significantly.NUCLEAR STRUCTURE. Isobar momentum distribution; influence of $\ensuremath{\pi}$, $\ensuremath{\rho}$ exchange, $\mathrm{NN}$ correlations, nonstatic effects in the transition amplitude.