Non-signalized Intersections Research Articles

The Behavior Analysis of Pedestrian-cyclist Interaction at Non-signalized Intersection on Campus: Conflict and Interference

Pedestrian-cyclist interaction is closely relative with traffic safety on campus intersection. The relationships of flow, speed, Level of Service (LOS) with pedestrian-cyclist conflict and interference were studied. Studying pedestrian-cyclist interaction was using collected video data which recorded the behaviours of pedestrians and cyclists at a non-signalized intersection on campus. The pedestrians and cyclists’ flows were recorded by video statistic software, the collected videos were decoded into image frames, their trajectory and distance data were acquired by image processing software, the data was converted into numbers as a VCNXY(Video number, Current frame no, Pedno, Pedx, Pedy) database, then their speeds were computed by Euler's formula. The LOS is classified with three levels under different traffic density and road traffic capacity. Through the analysing of pedestrians and cyclists’ flows and their average speeds at different time, and analysing the relationships with pedestrian-cyclist interaction and their flow, speed, LOS. Results showed that campus’ transportation is much different from city transportation, the proportion of pedestrians and cyclists are much higher, the average speeds of pedestrians and cyclists are lower. Experimental results show that flow, speed and LOS are very strongly related to pedestrian-cyclist interaction.

Simulation study of car accidents at the intersection of two roads in the mixed traffic flow

Using cellular automata (CA) Nagel–Schreckenberg (NaSch) model, we numerically study the probability P ac of the occurrence of car accidents at nonsignalized intersection when drivers do not respect the priority rules. We also investigated the impact of mixture lengths and velocities of vehicles on this probability. It is found that in the first case, where vehicles distinguished only by their lengths, the car accidents start to occur above a critical density ρc. Furthermore, the increase of the fraction of long vehicles (FL) delays the occurrence of car accidents (increasing ρc) and increases the risk of collisions when ρ > ρc. In other side, the mixture of maximum velocities (with same length for all vehicles) leads to the appearance of accidents at the intersection even in the free flow regime. Moreover, the increase of the fraction of fast vehicles (Ff) reduces the accident probability (P ac ). The influence of roads length is also studied. We found that the decrease of the roads length enhance the risk of collision.

2403 市街地運転行動データベースに基づく無信号交差点通過時の規範速度モデルの構築

2403 市街地運転行動データベースに基づく無信号交差点通過時の規範速度モデルの構築

Characteristics of traffic flow at a non-signalized intersection in the framework of game theory

At a non-signalized intersection, some vehicles violate the traffic rules to pass the intersection as soon as possible. These behaviors may cause many traffic conflicts even traffic accidents. In this paper, a simulation model is proposed to research the effects of these behaviors at a non-signalized intersection. Vehicle’s movement is simulated by the cellular automaton (CA) model. The game theory is introduced for simulating the intersection dynamics. Two types of driver participate the game process: cooperator (C) and defector (D). The cooperator obey the traffic rules, but the defector does not. A transition process may occur when the cooperator is waiting before the intersection. The critical value of waiting time follows the Weibull distribution. One transition regime is found in the phase diagram. The simulation results illustrate the applicability of the proposed model and reveal a number of interesting insights into the intersection management, including that the existence of defectors is benefit for the capacity of intersection, but also reduce the safety of intersection.

Study on Signal Intersection Traffic Flow Characteristics in Ice Conditions

As the component of urban transportation network, the intersection is the main part of traffic accidents and the bottleneck of restricting the smoothness of the transportation system. There are signalized intersection and non-signalized intersection, and the former is the main form at the intersection. So the evaluation of the service level under ice and snowfall conditions is significant. In the paper, we analysis the basic parameter of intersection signal control and operating characteristics of straight, right turn, left turn traffic flow in ice and snow condition, and we propose a traffic delay time model. On this basis, according to the snowfall intensity and respectively to the lanes and the whole intersection traffic flow as the object of study, we study the average delay in signal intersection in normal weather, slight snow, heavy snow and blizzard. With snow and ice conditions as starting point, the paper calculates the traffic capacities of signalized intersection under various snow and ice conditions. We compare the results of the calculation model and the actual measurement results, finally get the conclusion: the average delay time model can better express the vehicle at signalized intersection, in which the maximum deviation is 16.73%, and only appear once, twice the maximum deviation is 13.58%, and calibrate the snow and cold weather delayed mixed model.

Multimodal injury risk analysis of road users at signalized and non-signalized intersections

This paper proposes a multimodal approach to study safety at intersections by simultaneously analysing the safety and flow outcomes for both motorized and non-motorized traffic. This study uses an extensive inventory of signalized and non-signalized intersections on the island of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, containing disaggregate motor-vehicle, cyclist and pedestrian flows, injury data, geometric design, traffic control and built environment characteristics in the vicinity of each intersection. Bayesian multivariate Poisson models are used to analyze the injury and traffic flow outcomes and to develop safety performance functions for each mode at both facilities. After model calibration, contributing injury frequency factors are identified. Injury frequency and injury risk measures are then generated to carry out a comparative study to identify which mode is at greatest risk at intersections in Montreal. Among other results, this study identified the significant effect that motor-vehicle traffic imposes on cyclist and pedestrian injury occurrence. Motor-vehicle traffic is the main risk determinant for all injury and intersection types. This highlights the need for safety improvements for cyclists and pedestrians who are, on average, at 14 and12 times greater risk than motorists, respectively, at signalized intersections. Aside from exposure measures, this work also identifies some geometric design and built environment characteristics affecting injury occurrence for cyclists, pedestrians and motor-vehicle occupants.

The Analysis of Driver's Behavior in Non-Signalized Intersection Based on the Game

In order to study the driver's decision-making behaviors of the conflict vehicles in non-signalized intersection, according to time refinement, the driver's personality factors and the relative potential factors in the different strategies which affect the driver to make decisions, Based on the dynamic reduplicate game theory, the utility function of the driver's behaviors was built up. As the decision-making behavior by the driver in the process of cross-road, analyzing the different combination of the utility of the driver's decision-making behavior, Nash equilibrium was existed in a single game process, and the driver's optimal decision behaviors in a dynamic game was obtained. The illustration shows that impulse drivers in the decision-making period of time are more willing to choose to accelerate the first strategy; mild drivers prefer to choose acceleration strategy or uniform strategy; cautious drivers prefer to choose to uniform or deceleration strategy.

Analysis of Elderly Drivers' Behavioral Changes with Driver Assistance System at Non-signalized Intersections without Right-of-way

Analysis of Elderly Drivers' Behavioral Changes with Driver Assistance System at Non-signalized Intersections without Right-of-way

Analysis on Near-miss Incident Database of Crossing Collision with Bicycle at Non-signalized Intersection

Analysis on Near-miss Incident Database of Crossing Collision with Bicycle at Non-signalized Intersection

Behavior Analysis on Non-signalized Intersections Based on Elderly Drivers' Naturalistic Driving Database

Behavior Analysis on Non-signalized Intersections Based on Elderly Drivers' Naturalistic Driving Database

Safety Evaluation of Non-Signalized Intersection Considering Variations in Driver’s Checking Positions of Crossing Cars

Safety Evaluation of Non-Signalized Intersection Considering Variations in Driver’s Checking Positions of Crossing Cars

ANALYSIS OF FATAL-SERIOUS ACCIDENTS AND DANGEROUS VEHICLE MOVEMENTS AT ACCESS POINTS ON MALAYSIAN RURAL FEDERAL ROADS

Traffic accidents have been recognized as one of the major causes of human and economic losses in both developed and developing countries. In 2010, Malaysia recorded a total of 414,421 accidents, resulting in an average of 19 deaths from road accidents every single day. This research analyzed the factors relevant to fatal and serious accidents on rural federal roads in Malaysia. The objectives was to identify the dangerous vehicle movements and factors posing significant risks for fatal-serious accidents at access points (non-signalized minor junctions) and to suggest countermeasures. This research consists if seven Chapters. Firstly, Chapter 1 provides a discussion of accident trends and traffic studies in general. In Chapter 2, the scope was then narrowed down to focus on the accident black spot in order to identify the hazardous or black spot sections. Chapter 3 further examines the quantitative accident records and traffic characteristics for each of the selected sections. Next, Chapter 4 focuses on vehicle movements at non-signalized intersections. Chapter 5 provides the methodology and procedures adopted in the development of accident prediction models. Chapter 6 focuses on the development of gap acceptance model. Finally, Chapter 7 provides the development of serious conflict model. This research carries out numerous surveys to observe various traffic movements, including right and left turns, from minor and major roads, in addition to many other characteristics, in order to construct accident analysis models. One of the findings is that right-turn motorcycles caused serious conflicts and right turn movement was considered to be the most dangerous movement.

Modeling Operating Speeds on Residential Streets with a 30 km/h Speed Limit: Regression versus Neural Networks Approach

This paper models operating speeds on residential streets with a 30 km/h speed limit by using: (i) regression methods including Single Equation Regression (SER) and Simultaneous Equation Approach (SEA), and (ii) Neural Networks (NN) modeling technique. Free-flow profile-speed data were recorded on 99 street sections with varying characteristics which were then used to develop and validate speed models for estimating maximum speeds obtaining within a section and speeds at the entrance to the next non-signalized intersection. The results suggest that the models developed by SEA performed better than those by the conventional regression (i.e., SER). Compared to regression models, NN models showed better performance especially regarding model fitness although the resultant models are quite complicated. Based on the developed models, various street features were found as determinants of driving speeds that provided helpful information for addressing speeding issues on neighborhood streets.

Characteristics of Traffic Flow at Nonsignalized T-Shaped Intersection with U-Turn Movements

Most nonsignalized T-shaped intersections permit U-turn movements, which make the traffic conditions of intersection complex. In this paper, a new cellular automaton (CA) model is proposed to characterize the traffic flow at the intersection of this type. In present CA model, new rules are designed to avoid the conflicts among different directional vehicles and eliminate the gridlock. Two kinds of performance measures (i.e., flux and average control delay) for intersection are compared. The impacts of U-turn movements are analyzed under different initial conditions. Simulation results demonstrate that (i) the average control delay is more practical than flux in measuring the performance of intersection, (ii) U-turn movements increase the range and degree of high congestion, and (iii) U-turn movements on the different direction of main road have asymmetrical influences on the traffic conditions of intersection.

Safety Evaluation Method of Non-Signalized Intersection Based on Highest Admitted Speed

Safety Evaluation Method of Non-Signalized Intersection Based on Highest Admitted Speed

Safety Evaluation Method of Non-Signalized Intersection

Safety Evaluation Method of Non-Signalized Intersection

Dilemma game in a cellular automaton model with a non-signalized intersection

We numerically study traffic flow, energy dissipation and social payoff in the Nagel-Schreckenberg model with a non-signalized intersection. In terms of game theory, we analyze dilemma game observed in some traffic states. There are four traffic phases: free-flow phase, phase-segregated 1, phase-segregated 2 and jammed phase in the case of v max > 1. In phase-segregated 1, maximum traffic flow corresponds to minimal energy dissipation. Dilemma game is observed at the phase-segregated 1 in the case of v max > 1, and phase segregation state when v max = 1. Theoretical analyses give an agreement with numerical results.

보행량에 따른 도시부 회전교차로 운영에 관한 연구

Roundabouts, which belong to traffic circles, are intersections which are similar to the existing rotary form. Roundabouts recently have been constructed all around the world. And interests in roundabouts are increasing in Korea. However, there are lacks of research on pedestrian volume which has a great influence on operation efficiency of roundabouts in urban area. Therefore, this study suggests efficiency analysis and pedestrian signals in roundabouts according to the pedestrian volume. First, VISSIM simulation was organized to analyse volume of one lane roundabouts in urban area. Second, average delay of intersections was calibrated by VISSIM simulation dividing signalized intersections and non-signalized intersections depending on pedestrian volume. Finally, this study showed that roundabouts are suitable when pedestrian volume was under 200person/hr and traffic circles with a pelican signal are suitable when pedestrian volume was over 200person/hr. And when pedestrian volume and traffic volume are over 600person/hr and 1,500vph respectively, fixed signalized intersections fit well.

Does colored pavement make non-signalized intersections safer? A case study in Japan

In Japan, colored pavement has become popular recently because of having been evaluated for improving intersections to be safer. This paper aims to evaluate the effects of the colored pavement for traffic safety at the non-signalized intersection in the residential area by statistical analysis method “Quantification Theory II”, based on various residents perspectives such as “car”, “bicycle” and “pedestrian”, and to confirm the change in the traffic conditions triggered by the colored pavement. As the result, it is found that the colored pavement promotes the change especially in the car drivers consciousness, but does not bring about a significant change in traffic conditions such as the traffic volume and the vehicle speed.

Safety Evaluation of Driving Behavior When Passing Through a Non-Signalized Intersection on Basis of Vehicle Speed and Pedal Operation

Safety Evaluation of Driving Behavior When Passing Through a Non-Signalized Intersection on Basis of Vehicle Speed and Pedal Operation