Energy Resources Research Articles

Optimal Deployment of Wireless Sensor Nodes using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO)

Abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are emerging as a significant area of research due to their potential to autonomously monitor physical and environmental conditions. These networks comprise spatially distributed, low-cost sensor nodes with limited transmission range, processing capabilities, storage, and energy resources. The primary function of these networks is to collect data from various nodes and transmit it to a base station for subsequent processing. WSNs present several challenges, including optimal sensor deployment, node localization, base station placement, target node location, energy-aware clustering, and data aggregation. Recently, global researchers have been employing a bio-inspired optimization algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), to enhance the efficiency of WSNs. This report explores the application of the PSO algorithm for optimal sensor deployment in WSNs, contributing to the ongoing efforts to maximize the potential of these networks.

CropMetabolome: a comprehensive metabolome database for major crops cross eight categories.

Chemical compositions of crops are of great agronomical importance, as crops serve as resources for nutrition, energy, and medicines for human and livestock. For crop metabolomics research, the lack of crop reference metabolome and high-quality reference compound mass spectra, as well as utilities for metabolic profiling, has hindered the discovery and functional study of phytochemicals in crops. To meet these challenging needs, we have developed the Crop Metabolome database (abbreviated as CropMetabolome) that is dedicated to the construction of crop reference metabolome, repository, and dissemination of crop metabolomic data, and profiling and analytic tools for metabolomics research. CropMetabolome contains a metabolomics database for more than 50 crops (belonging to eight categories) that integrated self-generated raw mass spectral data and public-source datasets. The reference metabolome for 59 crop species was constructed, which have functions that parallel those of reference genome in genomic studies. CropMetabolome also contains 'Standard compound mass spectral library', 'Flavonoids library', 'Pesticide library', and a set of related analytical tools that enable metabolic profiling based on a reference metabolome (CropRefMetaBlast), annotation and identification of new metabolites (CompoundLibBlast), deducing the structure of novel flavonoid derivatives (FlavoDiscover), and detecting possible residual pesticides in crop samples (PesticiDiscover). In addition, CropMetabolome is a repository to share and disseminate metabolomics data and a platform to promote collaborations to develop reference metabolome for more crop species. CropMetabolome is a comprehensive platform that offers important functions in crop metabolomics research and contributes to improve crop breeding, nutrition, and safety. CropMetabolome is freely available at https://www.cropmetabolome.com/.

ANALISA SISTEM ELEKTRONIK POWER STEERING UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN KENDARAAN LISTRIK FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNRAM

Recenly conventional vehicles use fossil fuels, however these fuels are non-renewable energy sources and their availability in nature is very limited. If they are explored continuously then one day they will run out, so it is very necessary to save and innovate to use these sources. Other renewable energy sources, one of which is electrical energy, where this electrical energy can be generated from various sources such as water, solar, biomass and so on. Besides that, the use of electrical energy for vehicles is currently very relevant because it is environmentally friendly, that is, it does not produce CO or CO2 gas like conventional vehicles, so this energy is known as green energy. Indonesia has the potential to produce electric cars because the availability of nickel is very abundant to be processed into batteries, as a provider or energy storage for electric cars, our country has a very big opportunity to produce electric cars. To make this happen, it is deemed necessary to carry out comprehensive studies such as power steering so that comfort and safety can be achieved. The most suitable power steering is the electric power steering (EPS) type because the energy required comes from the battery. The method applied in this research is an experimental method, by measuring torque requirements on various roads, the roads chosen are asphalt roads, block paving roads and dirt roads. Based on this data, an EPS test bench then created which was able to measure the input and output torque of the EPS and look for the power consumed by the system. Road conditions can cause differences in torque requirements, in block paving road conditions the greatest torque requirement is 2.77 Nm and the smallest occurs in asphalt road conditions at 1.62 Nm. EPS testing shows that it is only loaded up to 25% with an input torque of 1,652 Nm resulting an output torque of 3,924 Nm with an electrical power consumption of 6,31 watts.

Solar Tracking and Monitoring System

Abstract: We will eventually have to deal with the depletion of fossil fuels and other non-renewable energy sources as they are running out rapidly. Having a large number of renewable alternative energy sources is crucial. The sun's radiation properties meet both requirements. As a result, new technologies focused on solar energy harvesting are starting to appear. Concentrated or photovoltaic panels may yield the highest efficiency. Due to the planet's rotation, which causes humans to view the sun at different times of the day the efficiency may reduce. Devices that direct a solar panel or concentrating panel during the day are incorporated in the design, along with light-trackers to boost the system's effectiveness. A solar tracker can monitor the sun's radiation in single direction. The device monitors daily tilt of the sun for optimal performance. The work focuses on the fundamentals of solar panel parameters and their application, as well as the design and construction of an automatic solar tracker prototype utilizing Arduino code based on microcontroller. By simulating the sun's 12-month tracking in a matter of minutes, the device incorporates automation mechanisms into the tracking system.

КАФЕДРЕ ЭНЕРГЕТИКИ ТЕПЛОТЕХНОЛОГИИ – 35 ЛЕТ

The article is dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the Department of Processes and Apparatus of Chemical Technology and the 35th anniversary of its renaming, in connection with the opening of a new specialty, to the Department of Energy engineering of heat technologie. Since 1990, the department has graduated more than three thousand specialists (engineers, bachelors, masters) for the energy sector, housing and communal services, the building materials industry, engineering and design centers. More than a third of graduates completed full-time education, and every tenth graduate received a diploma with honors. The department is implementing programs of additional professional education in the field of energy saving and increasing energy efficiency; 1,300 specialists have undergone advanced training at the department. The educational and scientific work of the department is aimed at basic heat engineering and heat and power education, energy saving and increasing energy efficiency, recycling of secondary energy resources, and the use of renewable and alternative energy sources.

Gas turbine modification: A review

Energy is a vital part of life today and it is utilized by humans to carry out work. Energy is required in different forms e.g. chemical, mechanical, electrical etc. Electricity is a secondary energy resource due to its dependence on other primary energy resources like coal, natural gas, wind, solar, hydro etc. and it is one of the most important energy source needed today because man relies on it for a lot of processes and activities. Electricity generated by renewable means have zero effect on the environment while electricity generated by non-renewable means generate pollution to the atmosphere and deplete energy resources. 51% of the electricity generated in the world today is derived from fossil fuel which is a nonrenewable energy resource. Natural gas power plants account for 23.1% of electricity generation in the world while gas turbines makes up a large percentage for natural gas plants in power generation. Gas turbines can be modified to increase their generation capacities with the aim of reducing pollution associated with combustion of fossil fuel. Nigeria relies mainly on gas turbine to supply electricity to the grid. 81% of power plants in Nigeria are thermal power plants while 17.59% are hydro-power plants. Gas turbine power plants make up 89% of the thermal plants in Nigeria today and they mostly operate using simple cycle. This data shows that there is a lot of potential to increase gas turbine efficiency in the Nigerian electricity space while reducing pollution and reducing fuel consumption.

The safety and environmental impacts of battery storage systems in renewable energy

The integration of battery storage systems in renewable energy infrastructure has garnered significant attention due to its potential to enhance energy reliability, efficiency, and sustainability. However, alongside these benefits, concerns persist regarding the safety and environmental impacts associated with the deployment and operation of such systems. This review explores the multifaceted aspects of safety and environmental considerations in battery storage systems within the context of renewable energy. Firstly, safety concerns encompass a range of factors, including thermal runaway, fire hazards, and chemical leakage, which pose risks to both human life and property. Mitigation strategies such as advanced battery management systems and fire suppression technologies are critical for addressing these risks effectively. Secondly, environmental impacts arise throughout the lifecycle of battery storage systems, from raw material extraction to end-of-life disposal. Key issues include resource depletion, greenhouse gas emissions, and pollution from mining activities. Sustainable practices such as responsible sourcing of materials, recycling initiatives, and the development of second-life applications are essential for minimizing environmental footprints. Furthermore, the interaction between battery storage systems and renewable energy sources introduces complexities in assessing environmental impacts. While battery storage facilitates the integration of intermittent renewables like solar and wind by providing grid stabilization and energy storage capabilities, its environmental benefits may be compromised by factors such as energy-intensive manufacturing processes and reliance on non-renewable resources. The safety and environmental impacts of battery storage systems in renewable energy demand comprehensive evaluation and management strategies to maximize benefits while minimizing risks. Collaboration among stakeholders, technological innovation, and regulatory frameworks are crucial for promoting the sustainable deployment and operation of these systems in the transition towards a cleaner and more resilient energy future.

Geoscientific research's influence on renewable energy policies and ecological balancing

Geoscientific research plays a crucial role in shaping renewable energy policies and promoting ecological balance. This review explores the impact of geoscientific research on renewable energy policies and its role in ecological balancing. Geoscientific research provides valuable insights into the geological and environmental factors that influence the feasibility and sustainability of renewable energy projects. By studying the earth's processes, geoscientists can identify suitable locations for renewable energy installations, assess potential risks, and develop strategies to mitigate environmental impacts. One of the key ways in which geoscientific research influences renewable energy policies is through its contribution to resource assessment. Geoscientists use various techniques, such as geological mapping, geophysical surveys, and remote sensing, to identify and quantify renewable energy resources, such as solar, wind, and geothermal energy. This information is essential for policymakers to develop effective policies that promote the development and utilization of renewable energy sources. Furthermore, geoscientific research plays a crucial role in ecological balancing by providing insights into the environmental impacts of renewable energy projects. By studying the interactions between renewable energy installations and the surrounding environment, geoscientists can identify potential ecological risks and develop strategies to minimize them. This information is essential for policymakers to develop policies that ensure the sustainable development of renewable energy projects while protecting the environment. In conclusion, geoscientific research plays a crucial role in shaping renewable energy policies and promoting ecological balance. By providing valuable insights into renewable energy resources and their environmental impacts, geoscientists help policymakers develop effective policies that promote the sustainable development of renewable energy projects.

Exploring the Capacity of Agricultural Residue as a Sustainable Energy Resource to Enhance Madagascar's Energy Security

Biomass represents a significant and emerging energy source. This study assessed and compared the potentiality of agricultural waste to be converted into renewable energy sources in Madagascar. A model for estimating biomass energy potential was exploited, and relevant data about crop and animal populations was extracted from the Food and Agriculture Organization's statistics database (FAOSTAT). Five types of crop residue were considered, including rice, sugarcane, corn, beans, and cassava, and four animal species like cattle, pigs, chickens, and sheep. Diverse conversion actors; the Ratio Product (RPR), Surplus Availability Factor (SAF), and Low Heating Value (LHV), were obtained from various literature sources and were used to assess the potential energy from agricultural residue. Subsequently, all collected data were meticulously compiled utilizing Microsoft Excel and subjected to comprehensive descriptive analysis facilitated by the OriginLab software, enabling advanced data manipulation and visualization. Our findings reveal that Madagascar generates approximately 27.78 million tons of agricultural residue annually, with the potential to produce 181.91 petajoules (PJ) of energy, primarily derived from crop residue, estimated at 128.75 PJ annually, which constitutes 70.8% of the total energy potential. With appropriate technology, the estimated energy potential could fulfill 48.7% of total energy consumption in Madagascar. Consequently, future investigations should prioritize research efforts to identify and implement optimal conversion technologies.

Addressing environmental justice in clean energy policy: Comparative case studies from the United States and Nigeria

This paper explores the intersection of environmental justice and clean energy policy through a comparative analysis of case studies from the United States and Nigeria. Environmental justice, defined as the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people in environmental decisions, is increasingly recognized as a critical aspect of transitioning to clean energy systems. By examining clean energy policies and initiatives in both countries, this study aims to identify successes, challenges, and lessons learned in addressing environmental justice considerations. In the United States, the analysis focuses on federal and state-level clean energy policies, assessing their impact on marginalized communities and efforts to promote equity in access to clean energy resources. Similarly, in Nigeria, attention is given to government-led clean energy initiatives and their implications for environmental justice, particularly in rural and underserved areas. Through a comparative lens, this paper highlight’s common themes and divergent approaches to addressing environmental justice in clean energy policy between the two countries. It identifies opportunities for cross-country collaboration and knowledge sharing to advance equitable and sustainable energy transitions globally. The findings underscore the importance of integrating environmental justice principles into clean energy policy development and implementation, with recommendations provided for policymakers and stakeholders to promote inclusivity, fairness, and community engagement in shaping the future of clean energy.

Future directions in geological research impacting renewable energy and carbon capture: A synthesis of sustainable management techniques

Geological research plays a pivotal role in shaping the future of renewable energy and carbon capture initiatives, offering insights into sustainable management techniques. This review synthesizes the future directions in geological research that impact renewable energy and carbon capture, focusing on sustainable management techniques. Future geological research will increasingly focus on enhancing the integration of renewable energy sources into existing energy systems. This includes the development of innovative geological mapping techniques to identify and characterize renewable energy resources with greater precision, aiding in the selection of optimal sites for energy production. Additionally, there will be a growing emphasis on utilizing geological data to assess the feasibility of carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects, particularly in volcanic regions, where the unique geological characteristics offer potential for efficient carbon sequestration. Another key aspect of future geological research is the advancement of monitoring and modeling techniques to evaluate the long-term performance and environmental impact of renewable energy and CCS projects. This includes the use of advanced geophysical and geochemical methods to monitor subsurface changes associated with energy extraction and carbon storage, ensuring the effectiveness and safety of these practices. Furthermore, future research will explore the potential of geological formations, such as deep saline aquifers and depleted oil and gas reservoirs, for large-scale carbon storage. This will involve developing strategies to enhance storage capacity and mitigate the risk of CO2 leakage, contributing to the sustainable management of carbon emissions. In conclusion, future geological research will play a critical role in advancing renewable energy and carbon capture technologies, offering sustainable management techniques that are essential for addressing climate change. By focusing on innovative mapping, monitoring, and modeling approaches, researchers can pave the way for a more sustainable energy future.

Geological data utilization in renewable energy mapping and volcanic region carbon storage feasibility

Geological data plays a crucial role in mapping renewable energy resources and assessing the feasibility of carbon storage in volcanic regions. This review explores the utilization of geological data in these areas, highlighting its significance and implications. Geological data is fundamental in mapping renewable energy resources, such as geothermal and hydroelectric energy. By analyzing geological structures, researchers can identify areas with high potential for these renewable energy sources. This mapping is essential for sustainable energy planning, as it allows policymakers to prioritize regions for renewable energy development based on geological suitability. Additionally, geological data is instrumental in assessing the feasibility of carbon storage in volcanic regions. Volcanic rocks have the potential to store carbon dioxide through mineral carbonation, a process where CO2 reacts with minerals to form stable carbonates. Geological data, including rock composition, porosity, and permeability, is used to evaluate the capacity of volcanic rocks to store carbon dioxide safely and effectively. The utilization of geological data in renewable energy mapping and volcanic region carbon storage feasibility has significant implications for sustainable energy development and climate change mitigation. By mapping renewable energy resources, countries can reduce their dependence on fossil fuels and transition to cleaner, more sustainable energy sources. Furthermore, assessing the feasibility of carbon storage in volcanic regions can help mitigate the impacts of climate change by sequestering CO2 emissions from industrial sources. In conclusion, geological data plays a crucial role in mapping renewable energy resources and assessing the feasibility of carbon storage in volcanic regions. By leveraging geological data, policymakers and researchers can make informed decisions about sustainable energy development and climate change mitigation.

Analyzing the impact of energy synergy and renewable energy generation on energy security: Empirical evidence from China's Yangtze River Delta region

As a representative region with poor energy resource endowment in China, the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region poses a pressing and vital issue for research on energy security. This study offers a comprehensive assessment of energy security levels (ESL) in the YRD region of China from 2000 to 2019, emphasizing the pivotal role of electricity indicators in energy transition using a combination optimization model of the entropy method and CRITIC method. Subsequently, we employed a coupling synergy degree model to further quantify the energy synergy among different YRD provinces and to verify the effects of energy synergy and renewable energy generation (REG) on the ESL of the YRD region. The findings highlight supply security as the central concern for safeguarding energy security. The YRD region's ESL ranking is as follows: Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, and Shanghai. There is a significant linear correlation between energy synergy and ESL, with Zhejiang and Jiangsu experiencing a notably greater effect of energy synergy on ESL than Anhui. A pronounced U-shaped relationship between REG and ESL is evident in the Jiangsu and Anhui provinces. The impact of REG on ESL is significant in Zhejiang province but negligible in Shanghai.

Techno-Economic Model of District Heating Energy Hub: The Case of Latvia

Up to 60% of Latvia’s energy resources are used as fuel for district heating systems. Heating sector is an important emitter of greenhouse gases – especially carbon dioxide. Therefore, reduction of carbon emissions of district heating systems are crucial in Latvia’s decarbonization efforts. One of the solutions is integration of energy hub in the district heating network. There are many types of energy hubs, and the most suitable solution must be found in each case. A goal of this study is to find the best solution for Latvia’s district heating systems to achieve decarbonization and use of green (renewable) hydrogen. This coincides with European Union’s plans to increase the use of green hydrogen not only in industrial and residential application, but in heat production as well.To facilitate the plans of the European Union and Latvia’s decarbonization needs a mathematical model made in Microsoft Excel is used as a method to explore the techno-economic aspects of the energy hub and its integration in the district heating system. Several alternatives are considered, and green hydrogen is used in all of those. Results show the economically most feasible alternative. Calculations are made on an annual term basis, considering such factors as electricity and district heating price, required capacity of electrolysis apparatus for hydrogen production etc.From the model some results are apparent – the price of electricity has a sizable impact on the economic feasibility of the project, and the best use for green hydrogen economics-wise may differ throughout the year as the price of electricity, hydrogen, district heating and methane gas change.

Development of Green Alkali-Activated Mortar Based on Biomass Wood Ash

Portland cement (PC) is the most commonly used binder material for producing concrete. Nonetheless, increasing concerns have been attached to its manufacture which is highly energy-intensive and generates a large quantity of greenhouse gases. Developing cement-free alkali-activated materials as eco-binders is a sustainable replacement for PC, especially the possibility to utilize industrial by-products as precursors significantly reduces the environmental burden due to waste disposal. Many investigations have been reported successfully using coal fly ash, slag, and metakaolin as precursors. However, owing to the low reactivity, studies regarding biomass wood ashes (BWA) in the field of alkali-activated materials are still limited. To produce a green cementless alkali-activated mortar material, in this study, biomass fuel by-products -biomass wood bottom ash (BWBA) at 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% as well as biomass wood fly ash (BWFA) at 100, 75, 50, 25 and 0%- were binarily used as precursors. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 10 mol/L and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)at 0 and 20% by binder mass were applied together as alkali activators. Recycled sand, substituting natural sand, was adopted as fine aggregate at an aggregate/binder ratio of 2 to reduce the consumption of non-renewable natural resources. The objective is to investigate the influence of various mix ratios of BWFA and BWBA on the produced alkali-activated mortar, and identify the effects of Ca(OH)2. Compressive and flexural strength were tested to evaluate the evolution of mechanical performance. A cradle-to-gate lifecycle assessment was conducted to analyze the environmental impacts. The results reveal that the alkali-activated mortar has less environmental impact compared to the traditional PC mortar. NaOH solution is the primary source of environmental influence and BWA only contributes to very limited impacts. When 50% BWFA and 50% BWBA are binarily used, the greatest mechanical properties are achieved. The usage of Ca(OH)2 effectively improves the mechanical strength by a maximal 350% (flexural strength) and 320% (compressive strength), but meanwhile increases environmental burdens.

Develop an Energy Storage Strategy for Emerging Wind Farms in India Over IoT

Energy is a fundamental component of daily life, essential for performing various tasks. Currently, non-renewable energy sources such as oil, coal, and gas dominate energy consumption. However, these resources are unsustainable and significantly contribute to global warming, posing serious environmental hazards. In contrast, renewable energy sources, including solar, wind, tidal, and biogas, offer sustainable and abundant alternatives to meet energy needs. Among these, wind energy stands out as the purest form of renewable energy, extensively utilized for electricity production due to its minimal environmental impact.Wind energy harnesses the kinetic energy of atmospheric air, converting it into mechanical energy through wind turbines. Both Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT) and Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWT) are employed for this conversion. Countries worldwide, including India, recognize the importance of wind energy and adopt it as a primary renewable energy source, primarily due to its cost-effectiveness compared to other renewable options.This research focuses on the design and development of a multi-axis windmill integrated with the Internet of Things (IoT) to enhance efficiency and monitoring capabilities. The proposed system incorporates components such as the Atmega 328 microcontroller, LCD, voltage sensor, IoT module, load, battery, inverter, DC motor, gear ball bearing, and control board. The successful implementation of this system demonstrates the feasibility of an advanced wind energy solution, contributing to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly energy landscape.

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF TIDAL ENERGY GENERATION SYSTEM

Sustainable energy generation is becoming increasingly important due to the expected limitations in current energy resources and to reduce pollution. Wave energy generation has seen significant development in recent years. Renewable power generation has become increasingly vital in addressing global energy challenges and mitigating the impacts of climate change. Various forms of renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, have gained prominence in the pursuit of sustainable energy solutions. Among these, tidal power stands out as a promising option due to its predictability and minimal environmental impact. This abstract explores the significance of renewable power generation and introduces the concept of tidal power generation, focusing on the innovative technology of tidal floater turbines. It delves into their construction and operational principles, illustrating their potential as a sustainable energy source. Ultimately, this abstract underscores the growing importance of harnessing tidal power as a clean and reliable source of electricity for the future. Tidal floater turbines represent an innovative system for harnessing the energy potential of ocean tides. These turbines are strategically constructed on the surface of the sea, where the dynamic ebb and flow of tides generate kinetic energy. The turbines consist of underwater rotors connected to electrical generators, which are capable of converting the mechanical energy of tidal currents into electricity. The operation of tidal floater turbines is driven by the predictable and consistent nature of tidal cycles, making them a dependable source of renewable energy. By exploiting the immense power of the ocean's tides, these turbines offer a sustainable solution for meeting the world's growing energy demands. The result from wave simulator using a real wave profile captured at a location in UK using an ultra sound system it was seen that ±0.8m wave at 10sec time period, produce a condition power output of approximate 22KW at optimum load condition for the tested 3 phase 44KW permanent magnet generator type STK500 the result indicate that this new technology could provide an effective and low cost method of generating electricity from waves. In conclusion, the utilization of tidal power generation, specifically through the innovative technology of tidal floater turbines, holds significant promise in the realm of renewable energy. As society seeks to reduce its carbon footprint and transition towards cleaner energy sources, the predictability and consistency of tidal power make it an attractive option. Moreover, the construction of these turbines on the sea's surface minimizes ecological disruptions, further emphasizing their environmental sustainability. With ongoing research and development, tidal power generation has the potential to play a pivotal role in our quest for a greener and more sustainable energy future.

Международно-правовое регулирование транзита в сфере энергетики

The seamless transit of energy resources stands as one of the most pressing international legal issues, with freedom of transit being a fundamental principle of international economic law. This article aims to conduct a comparative legal analysis of international legal norms governing energy transit, highlighting both general and specific regulations. The scientific novelty lies in identifying general and specialized international legal norms applicable to energy transit and providing a comprehensive analysis. Differences in the status and formulations of existing international treaties on transit have led to the conclusion that there is a need for developing and adopting specialized universal international legal norms regulating energy transit. The results of the generalization and analysis of international treaties applicable to transit in the energy sector can be useful in practice when preparing transit provisions as part of the development of a new universal international treaty in the energy sector, the concept of which was proposed by the Russian Federation.

Suitable Software for the Study of Combustion Processes in Boilers

Diversification of energy resources is a current objective that several countries want to achieve, including in northern Europe. Demand for wood fuels is increasing in Latvia, reflected in consumer expenditure. Using low-quality biomass (LQB) to produce fuel pellets for stabilisation and diversification is possible. LQB pellets can theoretically and practically be used in low-capacity solid fuel boilers to provide different types of individual heating systems with an alternative energy source. Before starting mass production of LQB fuel pellets, it is necessary to clarify the properties of the raw materials. Any fuel study shall be divided into two phases: determination of the parameters of the fuel or raw material (calorific values, moisture content, and ash content) and analysis of the combustion process. The combustion process can be studied in two ways: experimentally and by mathematical modelling. Knowing the parameters that would need to be clarified during the study of the LQB fuel pellets combustion process (thermodynamics, gaseous emissions, PM emissions, bottom ash, and slag), the authors have set the goal of clarifying the software applied to mathematical modelling of these parameters. A bibliometric analysis method was chosen to identify the software. The bibliometric analysis was carried out in the Scopus database. As a result, two software were identified: ANSYS Fluent software is suitable for modelling thermodynamic processes and gaseous emission streams. At the same time, XDEM software is ideal for modelling particle streams and ash/slag generation. This software will be used in future studies.

Exploring the Potential of Renewable Energy to Enable Green Hydrogen Production for a Sustainable Future

Abstract – Amidst intensifying concerns about greenhouse gas emissions, the imperative to transition towards sustainable energy solutions is paramount. Renewable energy sources (RES) provide a promising avenue, especially in hydrogen production. In this context, the emergence of “green hydrogen” is pivotal. Green hydrogen is a concept produced using RES like solar and wind energy to power the hydrogen production process. Unlike conventional methods emitting carbon dioxide, green hydrogen is generated through water electrolysis using clean energy. India relies on coal for around 70% of its energy needs, leading to a 29% rise in carbon emissions from 2015 to 2022. Green hydrogen is a potential alternative solution to address the increasing energy demand and the depletion of fossil fuels. Using wind energy for water electrolysis emerges as a suitable method for green hydrogen production. Therefore, in the present study, assessed the potential of hydrogen production using the wind energy resources in five selected locations in India using ERA5 hourly wind data. The investigation further explored the characteristics of wind speeds at these locations using average wind speed, Weibull parameters and wind rose analysis. Using the SUZLON S95 wind turbine, power output and annual energy generation at each location were estimated. Further, estimated the annual hydrogen production and required storage capacity at each location. The results showed a power generation of 891 kW in location Una and 895 kW in Mandvi. Finally, the amount of carbon emissions mitigated due to the use of wind energy sources instead of conventional sources for H2 production is calculated.