Non-renewable Energy Use Research Articles

The Role of Education and Innovation in Renewable Energy Consumption in OECD and BRICS Countries

Extreme climatic catastrophes and increasing emission levels demonstrate that humanity and nature are in confrontation. In this situation, the responsibility falls on intellectuals who engage in critical thinking, research, and innovation, propose solutions to problems, and bring society together to pursue a common goal. The present study assesses the role of education and Innovation in climate change mitigation in OECD and BRICS countries, where the use of renewable energy and decreasing the use of non-renewable energy are considered climate change mitigation strategies. The GMM approach is used to test the empirical model. The results indicate that increasing education and innovation levels in OECD and BRICS countries positively impact renewable energy consumption. However, the role of education and innovation in reducing the use of non-renewable energy consumption in the BRICS is insignificant, while in OECD countries, it is found significant. Thus, this study recommends that environmental education and green innovation be the focus to get sustainable development.

The influence of renewable and non-renewable energy on carbon emissions in Pakistan: evidence from stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence, and technology model

Like other developing countries, Pakistan faces one of the most serious challenges of how to mitigate carbon emissions while achieving sustainable development. Although, it is widely accepted that the rising trend of carbon emissions and the resulting negative effects of climate change on human activities have emerged as major issues in recent years, the environmental effectiveness needed to clean the environment and promote sustainability is often overlooked. Using the PLSM 2018–2019 survey, this study attempts to examine the household sector’s renewable and non-renewable energy usage magnitude, and the share of renewable and non-renewable energy in Pakistan. Furthermore, this study examines the impact of income, household size, biomass, non-renewable energy, and clean energy on carbon emissions using the STIRPAT model. It is obvious from the empirical findings that the coefficient of income is positive, whereas the coefficient of income square is negative and statistically significant, which indicates that carbon emissions in the household sector increase at lower income levels, while decreasing as income increases. The household size shows that the population has a positive impact on carbon emissions. The impact of biomass, non-renewable, and clean energy is particularly appealing, as the household sector consumes more biomass and non-renewable energy, which stimulates carbon emissions to rise. In the rural sector, clean energy has a negative but statistically insignificant impact on carbon emissions, showing a greater reliance on biomass and non-renewable energy consumption. Lastly, it is suggested that reducing the use of non-renewable energy in the household sector while increasing the use of green energy could be a policy option for making the environment clean and sustainable.

Nexus between carbon emissions, energy consumption, and economic growth: Evidence from global economies.

Renewable energy holds a remarkable role in clean energy adaptation due to the much lower carbon footprint it releases compared to other fossil fuels. It also has a positive impact by slowing down the rate of climate change. The study has examined the links between renewable and non-renewable energy use, CO2 emissions and economic growth in developed, developing, and LDCs and Economies in Transition between 1990 and 2019 in 152 countries. Granger-causality has been used as the methodology to investigate the link between the variables. The findings of the existing studies on the relationship between the consumption of renewable and non-renewable energy sources and economic growth are inconsistent, indicating that there may or may not be a relationship between the two factors. Apart from having a few empirical studies so far have examined the link between the above-mentioned variables, analysis has yet to encompass all the regions in the four sub-groups discussed above. The results indicated that no Granger-causal relationship exists between GDP and REC outside of Economies in Transition. Additionally, the GDP and CO2 of all countries have a one-way relationship. Nevertheless, research indicates that GDP and CO2 have a bi-directional link in Economies in Transition, a uni-directional relationship in developing countries, and no meaningful association in developed and LDCs. Therefore, it is essential to emphasise actions to lower CO2 emissions and develop renewable energy while also stimulating the economy. Ultimately, more nations should choose renewable energy sources to build a more sustainable future.

The role of energy, political stability, and real income on achieving carbon neutrality: asymmetric evidence.

Apart from business considerations stemming from the marketplace, businesses, individuals, and the economy at large, political decisions also play a role on environmental quality. Governments make a series of policies that impact private businesses, sectors, the environment, and the economy at large. In this paper, we test the asymmetric role of political risk on CO2 emissions, while controlling for renewable energy, non-renewable energy, and real income: policy toward environmental sustainability objectives in the context of Turkey. To realize the motive of this study, we capture the asymmetric effect of the regressors by adopting the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag method (NARDL). This research adds to the environmental literature in terms of methodological and empirical. Methodologically, the study shows that a nonlinear relationship exists among the variables, and it has a significant impact on environmental sustainability targets. The outcome of the NARDL indicates that the increasing political risk, non-renewable energy, and economic growth follow a trajectory trend on carbon emissions, which is unsustainable in Turkey, but renewable energy is sustainable. Moreover, decreasing real income and non-renewable energy decreases carbon emissions. This research also deployed the frequency domain test to capture the causal association of the concerned variables and the outcome indicates political risk, renewable energy, non-renewable energy use, and real income are predictors of CO2 in Turkey. From this result, policies geared toward promoting a sustainable environment were formulated.

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY PRODUCED BY POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON CELLS

Energy is the ability of a physical system to perform work. Energy exists in different forms such as heat, kinetic energy, mechanical energy, and light energy. Energy sources can be classified as renewable energy, which is naturally and constantly replenished, non-renewable energy that comes from resources that are being slowly replaced by natural processes. The aim of this project is to evaluate the performance of electrical energy produced by polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) solar panels. Solar energy is a type of energy that generates electricity from the sun's heat. By utilising solar panel technology, electricity can be generated from solar energy. The most widely utilised technologies nowadays are mono- and poly-crystalline. This project involved arranging the poly-Si solar panels in both series and parallel circuits. As a result, the relationship between voltage and current is directly proportional in both circuits, and the maximum value of voltage was 2.22 V in the series circuit and 1.12 V in the parallel circuit. The results of this study have important implications for society, as solar energy has the potential to replace non-renewable sources as the main source of generating electricity. By reducing the use of non-renewable energy, we can mitigate pollution and its harmful effects on the environment.

Distribution of Potential Resources, Reserves and Use of Coal in Indonesia

Indonesia has abundant coal resources and is a well-known mining sector as a producer and exporter of coal. Even though Indonesia has adequate coal reserves, the ever-increasing energy needs pose challenges in meeting domestic and export needs. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the potential of coal resources and reserves in Indonesia, their utilization in the electricity sector, and find solutions for sustainable use of non-renewable energy. This research uses the method of literature study or literature search. The data sources used are accredited academic journals and related publications, as well as secondary data from the Geological Agency of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources [ESDM] and Recapitulation of Coal Reserve Balance in Indonesia. The results of this study classify coal resources and reserves based on SNI 5015 - 2019 classification. There are several categories, such as inferred coal resources, indicated coal resources, measured coal resources, probable coal reserves, and proven coal reserves. Geologically, economically valuable coal deposits are found in Sumatra and Kalimantan. Coal quality can be classified based on calorific value, such as low, medium, high, and very high calories. With a better understanding of available coal resources, it is hoped that sustainable solutions for future energy needs will be developed.

The green halo effect of China's OFDI: evidence from countries along the Belt and Road.

The growth of China's OFDI (outward foreign direct investment) is a unique feature of the "Belt and Road" project. Does China's OFDI have a green halo effect on countries along the Belt and Road (B&R)? Is this green halo effect somehow asymmetrical? What is the underlying mechanism? This paper systematically examines how China's OFDI exerts its influence on green technology spillovers, based on 56 B&R countries' 2003-2019 panel data. This study makes three significant findings: Firstly, China's OFDI has positive asymmetric characteristics in promoting green technology spillovers to host countries mentioned, which have lower income levels and openness. Secondly, strict relative environmental regulation can act as a "pressure pool," significantly enhancing the "green halo effect"; Thirdly, China's OFDI can help host countries obtain more green technology spillovers through three channels: expanding host countries' economic scale, upgrading host countries' industrial structure, and suppressing host countries' use of non-renewable energy. These findings point the way for 56 host countries to better accessing green technology spillovers.

An Overview on Pre and Post COVID 19 Electrical Energy Requirement, Consumption and Generation in India and Present Situation

India’s electrical energy situation has been diverse always. From conventional electrical energy use to non-conventional electrical energy use, from renewable electrical energy use to non-renewable electrical energy use, India has used its potential in every from of electrical energy sector, and tries to generate more electrical energy to satisfy the required demand. From 2019 to 2020, there was a sudden discontinuation in electrical energy generation in India because of the worldwide Covid 19 pandemic situation that resulted in lockdown and closing of schools, colleges, factories, transport and many other sectors that requires electricity. This reduced demand resulted in reduced electrical energy generation. This paper provide an overview over the electrical energy situation in 2019, 2020 pandemic situation, its recovery after 2020 and current electrical energy situation.

Assessing the Connection between Nuclear and Renewable Energy on Ecological Footprint within the EKC Framework: Implications for Sustainable Policy in Leading Nuclear Energy-producing Countries

Numerous Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations can't be completed without switching to alternative energy sources. Countries need to find common ground between energy security, affordability, accessibility, and environmental sustainability if they are to lay the groundwork for competition and success. Considering the connection between economic growth, nuclear power generation, renewable energy consumption, and non-renewable energy usage, this study examines the ecological footprints of leading nuclear energy-producing countries (
 the United States, France, China, Russia, Japan, South Korea, Canada, the Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and Germany)
 from 1990 to 2020. In order to perform such a thorough empirical investigation, this study makes use of advanced econometric methods. According to the long-term cointegration study, environmental quality is negatively impacted by economic growth and the use of non-renewable energy, while it is positively impacted by the square of economic growth, the use of nuclear energy, and the use of renewable energy. The study found that the ecological footprint is directly correlated with both nuclear power and economic growth. Meanwhile, both renewable and non-renewable energy sources were found to have an effect on the ecological footprint in a causal manner. The findings of this study emphasize the significance of the world's major nuclear energy producing countries harmonizing their energy policies and developing a common energy strategy that includes equitable distribution of key components of the global nuclear energy sector.

Analysing the impact of geopolitical risk and economic policy uncertainty on the environmental sustainability: evidence from BRICS countries.

This key article seeks to empirically examine the impact of geopolitical risk, economic policy uncertainty (EPU), natural resources, and renewable energy on a country's ecological footprint, a proxy for environmental sustainability on a national scale. We conducted a quantitative study using the cross-sectional autoregressive distributive lag, augmented mean group, and common correlated effect mean group estimation models, as well as a few tests such as the CD test, Westerlund's co-integration, and CIPS and CADF unit root tests, beginning in January 2000 and ending in January 2021, to determine the data's reliability. The findings indicate that while GPR and renewable energy sources lessen the ecological footprint (EF), EPU and the use of non-renewable energy enhance the EF. The study's scope is narrowed to the BRICS nations, but its implications for expanding existing knowledge and shaping policy are enormous. The results can aid decision-makers in preparing for the possibility of unexpected events causing harm to the economy. The reliability of the evidence can be strengthened by employing more stringent research methods. This study's dimensions reflect the current research paradigm. The research has policy implications for achieving sustainable development goals in emerging economies.

Achieving ecological sustainability through technological innovations, financial development, foreign direct investment, and energy consumption in developing European countries

Economic progress has tended to influence the procedures of industrialization, which has augmented the assessment of exploited renewable energy-intensive resources through the appliance of technology. Exhaustive deployment of these renewable energy-intensive resources through technological innovation, financial development, foreign direct investment (FDI), and non-renewable and alternative energy can have a significant influence on the environment. In view of this concern, this research scrutinizes the effect of technological innovations, financial development, renewable and non-renewable energy, and FDI inflows, on ecological footprint in the case of 14 developing European Union economies. To do this, panel data for these countries from 1995 to 2020 are used. Due to the presence of cross-sectional dependency and slope heterogeneity, this research utilizes a battery of second-generation panel econometric tests, namely the Augmented Mean Group (AMG), and Common Correlated Effects Mean Group (CCEMG) estimators to discover the emphasized association. From the estimated evidence, renewable energy and technological innovation both mitigate the level of environmental degradation while financial development, non-renewable energy use and FDI contribute to the increase of environmental degradation in the long-run. Based on estimated evidences, these emerging European nations are enjoined to practice clean technology development without concession for ecological eminence in the selected countries. Finally, several vital policy/strategies suggestions are proposed from the bases of empirical evidence to promote financial development, green technological innovations, resources of renewable energy use, and foreign direct investment.

Improved locust swarm optimization algorithm applied for building retrofitting based on the green policy of buildings

Regarding the high costs associated with retrofitting buildings, finding an optimal retrofit plan considering existing buildings' environmental effects is critical. Each building following the green policy of buildings should gain a particular rate of EPC. In this paper, the most appropriate defined retrofit options are selected by the decision-makers for the building retrofits based on an optimization model. To assist decision-makers in have sensible decisions, the model incorporates economic analysis. A new algorithm called Improved Locust Swarm Optimization is used to retrofit an existing office building as a studied case. By incorporating the envelope components and indoor facilities into the model, optimal retrofit plans are systematically determined for an entire building. Electricity produced from fossil fuels decreased by utilizing a solar PV system on the roof. As a result, the concept of a zero-energy building with the lowest environmental concerns is achievable by reducing the use of nonrenewable energy in buildings. The model breaks down a long-term investment into yearly short-term investments to make investments further appealing to investors. Investments have an extended payback time that is offset by a government tax incentive program. The results indicate that 761.6 MWh of energy can be saved with a 70-month payback period and a rating form of EPC, demonstrating the model's effectiveness. Environmental concerns, such as excessive fossil fuel use and CO2 emissions, have significantly decreased.

Correction to: Analysing the Impact of Carbon Emissions and Non-Renewable Energy Use on Infant and Under-5 Mortality Rates in Europe: New Evidence Using Panel Quantile Regression

Correction to: Analysing the Impact of Carbon Emissions and Non-Renewable Energy Use on Infant and Under-5 Mortality Rates in Europe: New Evidence Using Panel Quantile Regression

The public perception of adopting hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCV) are leading as alternative energy-saving vehicles that replace non-renewable energy use and support sustainable transport systems for developing and developed countries. Public adoption of new transport technologies is vital for the successful evolution of a sustainable energy system. Previous studies have focused more on people’s attitudes towards hydrogen energy as alternative fuel energy. This article aims to assess the public perception of the adoption of HFCV in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The overall results of this study found that demand-side action for HFCV among the public is influenced by supply-side aspects, including support infrastructure, characteristics of HFCV, operational costs, safety concerns, competitive markets, and the social equilibrium of the innovation. The current study also found that most respondents have a scant idea of the environmental benefits of using HFCV. The evidence from this study suggests that stakeholders should educate the public regarding the benefits of HFCV - an essential step when adopting new technologies. It is timely to seek innovative solutions and address appropriate policies for both energy security and environmental concerns globally in the transportation sector for the sake of present and future sustainability. Keywords: Alternative energy-saving vehicles, energy security, Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles, public perception, public adoption, sustainable transport system

A Lifecycle Assessment of Meat Processing Products Made from Protein-Based Thermoplastics

Hygiene during slaughtering is paramount for meat processors and plugs are often used during slaughtering to reduce contamination from fecal matter. These products are rendered along with other waste and are considered a serious contaminant to rendering products. A life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to determine and compare the environmental impacts of plugs made from polypropylene to a protein-based thermoplastic (Novatein). For Novatein plugs, resin production dominated the non-renewable primary energy (NRPE) use and global warming potential (GWP), whereas the impacts from injection molding and packaging dominated downstream production. Novatein plugs had a higher GWP than the PP plug, but required less NRPE. Two important conclusions were drawn: a bio-based material does not necessarily present an overall reduced environmental impact in comparison to other products, and results can easily be skewed based on allocation methods used for impacts from upstream processes, especially considering waste products. However, not evident from this LCA is the advantage that Novatein breaks down during rendering, safely becoming part of part of the rendering products.

Energy transition in Southeast Asian countries: is there a role for governance at country level?

Effective governance is crucial for building environmental policies in order to discourage non-renewable energy use and replace it by renewable resources. Given the significant proportion of fossil fuels in the existing energy mix of ASEAN countries, the transition to renewable energy is critical for emissions to be reduced in this region. As a pioneering one, the present study focuses on the role of governance indicators and economic growth in energy transition in Southeast Asian (ASEAN) countries over the period 2000-2020. For the purpose of empirical investigation, the study applies the recently introduced methods of movement quantile regression (MMQR) with FE-OLS, DOLS, and FMOLS estimation techniques. The findings of indicate that economic growth significantly promotes energy transition in ASEAN countries. Among the governance indicators, political stability, rule of law, and regulatory quality significantly and positively affect energy transition, whereas government effectiveness and control of corruption play negative roles in energy transition. Voice and accountability have no significant effect on energy transition. Political stability and rule of law play significant roles in energy transition at all quantiles, but political stability has a significant effect on energy transition only at higher quantiles (0.60-0.90). Similarly, government effectiveness and control of corruption negatively impact energy transition at medium to higher (0.50-0.90) and at higher quantiles (0.80-0.90), respectively. Policies are recommended on the basis of the findings.

Analysing the Impact of Carbon Emissions and Non-Renewable Energy Use on Infant and Under-5 Mortality Rates in Europe: New Evidence Using Panel Quantile Regression

This study critically examines the health-environment discourse and uses infant and under-5 mortality rates, carbon emissions, and non-renewable energy to investigate the inherent associations. We argue that the concentration of greenhouse gas emissions is considered to increase and can undermine the access to basic resources necessary for leading a healthy life, such as access to food, water, health, and the environment. Environmental health is closely linked to human health. The world is witnessing a substantial increase in greenhouse gas emissions, which pose a significant threat to both environment and human health. Hence, this study contributes to the discourse with unbalanced panel data on 46 European countries from 2005 to 2015 to investigate the impact of carbon emissions and non-renewable energy on infant and under-5 mortality rates. Consistent findings from static and dynamic analyses reveal that (1) carbon emission is positively associated with mortality rate; (2) non-renewable energy shows a significant negative relationship; (3) persistency in mortality rates exists; (4) positive (negative) association of emissions (non-renewable energy) dwindles (increases) in absolute value at higher distributions of mortality rates; and (5) Euro Union countries show lower mortality rates relative to non-Euro Union members. Policy recommendations are discussed.

Examining the effect of renewable energy on exchange rate in the emerging economies with dynamic ARDL bounds test approach

Macroeconomic indicators are crucial in the transitioning from the use of non-renewable energy (NRE) to renewable energy (RE). This study is an attempt to examine the relationship between RE and foreign exchange rate of the emerging economies, Brazil, China, Indonesia, India, Mexico, Russia and Turkey, the E7 economies. The study employs the dynamic ARDL bounds test approach from 1990 to 2019. The relationship between exchange rate and RE has not been widely done, yet this association is crucial considering the short-term high costs of RE and yet some countries import materials to harness RE, such as solar panels, due to poor technology in such countries. The current study differs from past studies that, it attempts to examine this association, in such a way that, provides a comparative analysis of the seven emerging countries. Past studies considered panel data analysis and single country analysis. The major findings of this study show that, different countries exhibit different links between RE and exchange rate, hence the need for region-specific studies to ensure proper policy making. Generally speaking, this research finds out that, GDP, BOP, real interest rate and RE promotes exchange rate appreciation, while inflation rate causes currency depreciation. Policy recommendations are also given, accordingly.

Evaluation of mono and hybrid nano-fluids on energy and exergy parameters of a photovoltaic-thermal system equipped with an eccentric parabolic trough concentrator

Considering the problems caused by the use of non-renewable energy, such as climate change, air pollution and environmental destruction, it is necessary to utilize alternative and renewable sources of energy, e.g., solar power, to meet the energy requirements. This study analyzed the electrical, thermal, and total (overall) efficiencies of a photovoltaic-thermal system equipped with a parabolic trough concentrator and an eccentric receiver (ECPVT). The experiments were conducted at three fluid flow rates of 2, 4, and 6 l/m with three nano-fluids (i.e., Al2O3, ZnO, and hybrid Al2O3-ZnO). The weight percentages of the nano-fluids were considered at 0.01 and 0.05, whereas the hybrid nano-fluids had the Al2O3 0.01-ZnO 0.05 and Al2O3 0.05-ZnO 0.01 compositions. According to the findings, the use of hybrid nano-fluids compared with the mono nano-fluids and the pure water in the ECPVT system improved the filling coefficient. Moreover, the filling coefficient was directly related to the increase in the fluid flow in all test conditions (i.e., use of pure water as well as mono and hybrid nano-fluids). The maximum electrical and thermal efficiencies were obtained at 14.8 % and 85.34 % when a hybrid nano-fluid was utilized at a flow rate of 6 l/m. As opposed to the pure water, the total efficiency increased by employing the Al2O3 nano-fluid up to 18.55 %, the ZnO nano-fluid up to 11.29 %, and the hybrid nano-fluid up to 23.39 %. Similarly, the findings revealed that the use of the Al2O3 nano-fluid affected different efficiencies more than ZnO. Compared with the pure water, the exergy efficiency increased by 2.05 %, 2.63 %, and 4.24 % when the mono ZnO 0.05, Al2O3 0.05, and hybrid Al2O3 0.05 + ZnO 0.01 nanoparticles were utilized.

Use of 'Intelligent Control' and 'Optimization' in Micro-grid System

The use of non-renewable energy is decreasing day by day or in an exponential way to save our earth. Thus, research related to the renewable energy is increasing rapidly. In case of micro-grid, 'EED' mechanism fails to generate high efficiency or is unable to predict the external noise coming into the system. As an alternative, in this research work we proposed a 'Model predictive Controller' using 'Intelligent Control Analogy' that helps to track the output of the micro-grid system. Not only that, both the variability and unpredictability of the renewable energy source can be controlled using the above proposed method. In this scheme, the data are taken from the load and output of the solar energy. Then, using optimizing technique, it has been optimized subjected to the different constraint.