Non-renewable Energy Sources Research Articles

Heat pipe solar collectors: A Review

Abstract In today’s world, the consumption of energy is quickly growing, and the exhaustion of non-renewable energy sources poses a significant risk to the entire human race. The importance of renewable energy sources emerged as a result of this, and solar energy is currently considered to be among the most promising and significant sources of clean and renewable energy. There has been a significant amount of work done in the field of solar radiation harvesting in order to make the most of it. This was accomplished by substituting the standard solar collectors, which are lacking in certain elements of performance and have a lower efficiency, with a modified solar collector that is superior to the normal collectors. Among the many modifications that can be made to the solar collector, the heat pipe is particularly significant. This review will present a variety of studies on the modification of heat pipe solar collectors (HPSCs) construction and integration within the systems, as well as an analysis of the performance enhancements that were made to it. Additionally, we provide a wide range of applications that make use of solar collectors that are shaped like heat pipes. In conclusion, we offered some suggestions for potential developments in the field of heat pipe solar collectors with regard to future trends.

Balancing Sustainability and Innovation the Future of Global Energy Policy

The global energy landscape is at a pivotal juncture. With increasing concerns about climate change, energy security, and economic stability, the transition to sustainable energy sources has become more critical. This transformation is driven by technological advancements, policy shifts, and changing consumer preferences. To navigate this transition successfully, it is essential to understand the current trends and future trajectories of the energy sector, including the role of renewable and nonrenewable energy sources, technological innovations, and investors' expectations. This article thoroughly explores these aspects, offering insights into the best strategies for a sustainable and resilient energy future.

Challenges and Factors Influencing the Implementation of Green Logistics: A Case Study of Saudi Arabia

Logistics operations significantly depend on fossil fuels and non-renewable energy sources, posing challenges to environmental sustainability. Achieving a balance between environmental protection and economic efficiency is vital in logistics decision-making. The concept of green logistics aims to reduce environmental externalities by adopting sustainable practices. This research explores the adoption and utilization of green logistics technologies and information systems through a structural equation model, focusing on key factors such as environmental awareness, organizational culture, and financial considerations. The research methodology involved using a specially designed questionnaire to collect data, which was subsequently analyzed through various stages. The study selected Saudi Arabia as a case study due to its rapid development in the logistics sector and its significant CO2 emissions. Initially, a general quantitative descriptive analysis was performed on the collected responses. This was followed by more detailed analyses to uncover the finer nuances in stakeholders’ perspectives. Additionally, correlation analysis was conducted to identify significant associations between variables and to understand their potential interactions. The findings reveal high environmental awareness among stakeholders, a positive organizational culture conducive to sustainability practices, and a strong recognition of the benefits of green logistics technologies. However, there is room for improvement in technological readiness and a need for clearer government regulations and more robust policy support. Financial considerations are complex, with significant initial investments required and long-term financial benefits recognized.

Balancing Sustainability and Innovation the Future of Global Energy Policy

The global energy landscape is at a pivotal juncture. With increasing concerns about climate change, energy security, and economic stability, the transition to sustainable energy sources has become more critical. This transformation is driven by technological advancements, policy shifts, and changing consumer preferences. To navigate this transition successfully, it is essential to understand the current trends and future trajectories of the energy sector, including the role of renewable and nonrenewable energy sources, technological innovations, and investors' expectations. This article thoroughly explores these aspects, offering insights into the best strategies for a sustainable and resilient energy future.

The calculation and distribution of CAV carbon emissions on urban transportation systems: A comparative analysis of renewable and non-renewable energy sources

When powered by electricity, Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs), an emerging mode of transportation, possess the capacity to reduce exhaust emissions greatly. However, accurately measuring carbon emissions in urban transportation remains a challenge, especially considering emissions from electricity generation and gasoline consumption. This paper proposes an innovative method for calculating CAVs' carbon emissions distribution, utilizing both renewable and non-renewable energy. The study employs SUMO, an agent-based simulation platform, to develop an intelligent driver model and cooperative adaptive cruise control modules, tracking vehicle movement behavior across various vehicle types, including Gasoline Vehicles (GVs), Electric Vehicles (EVs), Human-Driven Vehicles (HDVs), and CAVs. Subsequently, a lifecycle electric carbon emission model is constructed, integrating the energy consumption model of EVs with carbon emission factors of renewable and non-renewable energy. Visualization models are then developed to clarify the carbon emission distribution within the traffic network. A case study conducted in Suzhou, China validates the model, analyzing the spatiotemporal distribution of carbon emissions. Results show EVs can reduce carbon emissions by 70%–90 % compared to GVs on urban roads during rush hour, while CAVs can further reduce emissions by 35%–50 % compared to HDVs. Additionally, carbon emissions from non-renewable energy sources were found to exceed those from renewable sources.

Impact of Non-Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth on Carbon Emission in Nigeria

The study examines the impact of non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth on carbon emission using an annual data spanning from 1980 to 2022. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model was employed. From the analysis, the co-integration results reveal that there is a long-run relationship between the variables under study. Furthermore, both the long-run and short-run Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) estimates unequivocally demonstrate that both economic growth and the non-renewable energy consumption exert statistically significant, and positive impacts on CO2 emissions. In essence, they jointly contribute to the observed increase in CO2 emissions over the study period. Based on the findings, it is recommended that adequate regulations, restrictions and innovative ways in fostering economic growth through energy consumption from non-renewable energy sources are implemented alongside policies from energy regulatory Commission and environmental protection agencies, to explore avenues to invest in, and promote, carbon-reducing technology in production processes to mitigate against the effects and degradation of the environment.

Impact of renewable and non-renewable generation on economic growth in Greece

The consumption of coal, oil, and other fossil fuels has raised concerns about climate change. The Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement aimed to address climate change by promoting sustainable clean energy technologies. The UN conference in the United Arab Emirates in December 2023 concluded with an agreement marking the end of the fossil fuel era. All these developments aim to address climate change through the use of clean energy technologies while maintaining economic growth. The connection of climate change with the developing model has gained significant importance on countries’ adjusted plans for climate change. The fossil fuels have a negative impact on economic growth of Greece, implying a continuous dependence from non renewable energy sources and a burden of economic expansion. The reliable estimation of the consequences of climate change on growth, both spatial and temporal, constitutes a decisive parameter for the adjusted plan not only in short term level but also in a long term horizon. Focusing on the improvement of energy efficiency, on the maximization use of renewable energy sources in Greece, on the emphasis given to technologies and fuels storage as well as alternative technologies of energetic and industrial sector, the achievement of energetic and climate transition designed on Greece will be feasible on a long term strategy. The results showed that the growth of renewable energy sources to produce electric energy is necessary for the sustainable growth of Greece. Specifically, the results of ARDL model showed that the renewable energy sources have a positive impact on economic growth in Greece in the long run, and the non-renewable energy sources have a significant effect on economic growth in the short run. These results imply that the aim for investments on renewable energy sources from policy makers should be direct mainly on regions with high levels of carbon dioxide emissions due to lignite combustion.

A Comprehensive Review on Nanofuel : Bringing Clean Energy to Reality

In recent years, the depletion of fossil fuels has become a pressing concern with the world’s ever increasing energy demands. The rapid consumption of fossil fuels, such as coal, natural gas, and oil has given rise to significant environmental and economic consequences. These non-renewable energy sources are limited and their extraction as well as usage contributes to pollution, harmful emissions eventually leading to global climate change. To address this challenge, many researchers have been exploring the potential of nanofuel as a secondary energy carrier. Nanofuels are a class of alternative fuels that incorporate nanoparticles to enhance combustion efficiency, reduce emissions, and improve overall energy output. This paper presents an innovatory concept of nanofuel wherein the enhancement of the fuel efficacy by suspension of nanoparticles in a liquid carrier is described and major challenges are identified, which urges researchers in materials, chemistry, physics , and engineering to collaborate across disciplines. Key Words : Nanofuel, Metal-oxide nanoparticles, Performance, Combustion, Emission

Regulation of wood porous structure and construction of reduced graphene oxide@wood derived carbon conducting collector

With the gradual increase in the consumption of non-renewable energy sources, the development of energy storage and conversion devices has become increasingly important. Sustainable self-supporting conductive collectors have become one of the effective ways to enhance the performance of energy storage devices. In this study, the pore modulation technique was implemented on Beijing poplar and camphor pine using delignification and water extraction, and six wood-derived carbon (WC) electrodes were prepared by heat treatment using untreated material as a control. By observing the microscopic morphology, it was found that all six carbon materials retained the graded porous structure characteristic of natural wood. The carbon material prepared from water extraction treated Beijing poplar (WPC) had the best capacitive properties. The conductive reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is composited with WPC, and the constructed RGO@WPC (RWPC) conductive collector has an average conductivity as high as 15.4 S m−1, which provides a strong guarantee for fast electron transport. The specific capacitance of RWPC is as high as 2100 mF cm−2 when the current density is 1 mA cm−2. The constructed RWPC//RWPC energy storage device has a maximum energy density of 3.76 Wh kg−1 and a maximum power density of 171.3 W kg−1. In this paper, a green and efficient self-supporting conductive collector with a graded porous structure is proposed. It also broadens the high value-added utilization of wood in energy storage.

Synthesis and characterization of (Ni, Mn)-ZnO/g-C3N4 nanocomposite for efficient electrochemical water splitting: The role of electrocatalyst for OER

The scarcity of non-renewable energy sources and rising worldwide temperatures are significant challenges. Electrochemical water splitting using low-cost materials (metals and their oxides) is a highly efficient and cost-effective method of producing both hydrogen and oxygen. Apart from precious metals, carbon-based materials have also shown effectiveness in catalyzing these reactions. To minimize overpotentials and enable practical applications, metal oxide encapsulation in graphite layers has demonstrated significant activity for both HER and OER. Metal oxides are known for their high conductivity and mechanical strength, making them suitable candidates for this task. In the present research, we report the design of a composite (Ni, Mn)-ZnO/g-C3N4 ((Ni, Mn)-CNZ) electrocatalyst with improved electrocatalytic performance. The coprecipitation of (Ni, Mn)-ZnO with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) produced the composite material. The structure of the electrocatalyst was analyzed using characteristic techniques such as FTIR, EDX, SEM, and XRD. Electrodeposition on FTO glass is employed to facilitate studies of water distribution. The (Ni, Mn)-CNZ composite exhibits excellent electrochemical water-splitting behavior, with low overpotentials, 380 mV (OER) and 288 mV (HER), reaching a current density of 10 mA cm−2 compared to Ni-CNZ and Mn-CNZ. This highlights the potential of (Ni, Mn)-CNZ as a highly effective electrocatalyst for water splitting.

Comprehensive Analysis of Factors Underpinning the Superior Performance of Ducted Horizontal-Axis Helical Wind Turbines

The societal and economic reliance on non-renewable energy sources, primarily fossil fuels, has raised concerns about an imminent energy crisis and climate change. The transition towards renewable energy sources faces challenges, notably in understanding turbine shear forces within wind technology. To address this gap, a novel solution emerges in the form of the ducted horizontal-axis helical wind turbine. This innovative design aims to improve airflow dynamics and mitigate adverse forces. Computational fluid dynamics and experimental assessments were employed to evaluate its performance. The results indicate a promising technology, showcasing the turbine’s potential to harness energy from diverse wind sources. The venturi duct aided in the augmentation of the velocity, thereby increasing the maximum energy content of the wind by 179.16%. In addition, 12.16% of the augmented energy was recovered by the turbine. Notably, the integration of a honeycomb structure demonstrated increased revolutions per minute (RPM) by rectifying the flow and reducing the circular wind, suggesting the impact of circular wind components on turbine performance. The absence of the honeycomb structure allows the turbine to encounter more turbulent wind (circular wind), which is the result of the movement of the fan. Strikingly, the downwash velocity of the turbine was observed to be equal to the incoming velocity, suggesting the absence of an axial induction factor and, consequently, no back force on the system. However, limitations persist in the transient modelling and in determining optimal performance across varying wind speeds due to experimental constraints. Despite these challenges, this turbine marks a significant stride in wind technology, highlighting its adaptability and potential for heightened efficiency, particularly at higher speeds. Further refinement and exploration are imperative for broadening the turbine’s application in renewable energy generation. This research emphasizes the turbine’s capacity to adapt to different wind velocities, signaling a promising avenue for more efficient and sustainable energy production.

The Optimization of Power Generation Mix To Achieve Net Zero Emission Pathway in Indonesia Without Specific Time Target

Indonesia is committed to achieving Net Zero Emission (NZE) conditions by the year 2060, with policy adjustments and constraints being necessary to realize this goal. The aim of this study is to achieve NZE conditions using a least-cost optimization method for various power plants that rely on fossil and non-renewable energy sources, without specifying a target year. Two scenarios, Business as Usual (BAU) and NZE, were developed for comparison in the optimization analysis. Through the utilization of LEAP and NEMO software, the optimization results suggest that optimal NZE conditions in Indonesia could be attained by 2075, with solar-based electricity generation playing a crucial role in meeting basic electricity demands. The NZE scenario predicts a 28% rise in electricity demand by 2100 compared to the BAU scenario. In 2075, PV will contribute 32.8% (224.3 GW) to total power supply, while BESS will provide 198.8 GW according to the NZE scenario. This study aims to assist the Indonesian government and stakeholders in reaching the NZE goal, while maintaining current efforts to avoid new efficiency and financial challenges. Achieving this goal will involve using a cost-effective optimization approach and implementing energy-efficient technologies and conservation programs.

Analyzing the Design and Implementation of Sustainable Energy Systems in Island Communities

This review critically analyzes the design of sustainable energy systems implemented on islands and beyond. It emphasizes the importance of integrating renewable and non-renewable energy sources to enhance energy output in hybrid systems. Due to the Island's unique geographical and environmental characteristics, islands face distinct energy supply and sustainability challenges. The review examines different aspects of sustainable energy system design, such as renewable energy sources, energy storage solutions, grid integration, and policy frameworks. Hence, by synthesizing current research and case studies, this review aims to provide insights into effective strategies for designing sustainable energy systems that are specifically tailored to the needs and constraints of islands. This paper detailed the critical role of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydro, and biomass in driving sustainability in island communities and urges energy stakeholders and policymakers to embrace their potential to effectively energize rural and underprivileged areas

An experimental study of the production of biofuel from Lyngbyasp algae

Global energy consumption is steadily rising, and fossil fuels are nonrenewable energy sources which provide the majority of this energy. Researchers are seeking and supporting renewable energy sources in order to balance supply and increasing demand. Microalgae is seen as an emerging and dependable feedstock that has the potential to displace fossil fuel-based sources of renewable energy among other options.In the present investigation, none dible hazardous oils from lyngbya sp. algae have been selected for the use as a feedstock for the biofuel production.Themicroalgal isolateswere identified based on their surface morphology under microscope. The biofuel was produced by the transesterificationreaction.Using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, the generated biofuel was characterized and the conversion was calculated.The findings imply that lyngbya sp. algal biomasses are y suitable for the generation of biofuel. More experimental investigations are required in this field.

A statistical study for the impact of REMS and nuclear energy on carbon dioxide emissions reductions in G20 countries

Renewable and nuclear energy are seen as clean and eco-friendly substitutes for energy derived from fossil fuels. Which of the two is better, though, is still up for debate. In order to meet their combined global energy objectives and perhaps become carbon neutral or even carbon negative in the near future, a shift to additional renewable energy sources and nuclear energy will be necessary. One such method of improving energy usage through the implementation of a renewable energy management system (REMS) that will help attain a continuous and reliable source of energy, allowing for the proactive and effective management of renewable assets and dependable supply. This article investigates attitudes and opinions about nuclear and renewable energy production technologies by analyzing the dependence of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions on non-renewable energy sources, renewable energy sources, and nuclear energy in the group of twenty (G20) countries, over the period from 2000 to 2021. This study employs advanced panel data econometric techniques in the presence of outliers in the G20 dataset, utilizing a robust random coefficient regression (RRCR) model via the M-estimation approach to study the impacts of non-renewable, renewable, and nuclear energy use with respect to CO2 emission mitigation in G20 countries. The overall conclusions of the econometric analysis confirm renewable and nuclear energy's importance in reducing CO2 emissions. We can conclude that the robust M-estimate approach is the best estimation technique for the G20 dataset, as compared to the classical estimation methods in the presence of outliers. The results show that for every percentage point of energy consumption that falls into the category of non-renewable energy, CO2 emissions will increase by 2.5737% for all G20 countries. Also, A 1% rise in renewable energy consumption reduces CO2 emissions by 1.0566% for all G20 countries. Similarly, a 1% increase in nuclear energy consumption will reduce CO2 emissions by 5.5703% for all G20 countries. Therefore, we can conclude that energy derived from renewable sources and nuclear energy greatly cuts CO2 emissions in all G20 countries. Total energy consumption, on the other hand, increases CO2 emissions in the long run. According to these findings, it is pivotal for the G20 countries to increase nuclear energy use and employ REMS to reduce the majority of G20 country's reliance on fossil fuels in order to minimize CO2 emissions. These findings are vital for understanding the relationship between these variables and the implementation of new or revised policies and initiatives supporting carbon neutrality at the G20 countries and national levels.

Bi2Se3/ZnSe heterojunction on flexible Mo metal foil for photo electrolysis water splitting application

Abstract The green hydrogen generation by photoelectrochemical (PEC) process emerged as a viable approach to replace non-renewable energy sources, which is done by using semiconducting materials. Recently ZnSe-based heterostructure/junction promise a suitable approach to enhance the PEC performance of photoelectrode. Here we have grown Bi2Se3/ZnSe heterojunction on flexible Mo metal foil by using magnetron sputtering technique toward PEC water splitting application. The crystallinity, structural, and surface morphology of the deposited films were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The PEC measurements were performed under 100 mW/cm2 (AM = 1.5 G) simulated solar radiation in 0.5 M Na2SO4 aqueous electrolyte solution. The PEC measurements show that Bi2Se3/ZnSe photoelectrode performs better as a photocatalyst, with a photocurrent density of ∼96.4 μA/cm2 (at 0.4 V vs Ag/AgCl), which was found to be three times higher than pristine ZnSe film (∼32.4 μA/cm2). This work suggests the importance of heterojunction towards efficient photoelectrodes for green hydrogen generation.

Analysis of renewable energy and economic growth of Germany

The study aims to investigate the effect of energy use, renewable energy consumption, nuclear energy consumption and air transport freight on CO2 emissions in Germany. Auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) technique was used to establish the short and long-term correlations between the dependent (CO2) and independent variables (Energy use, nuclear consumption, renewable consumption, air transport freight) on a time series data from 1970 to 2021. The results demonstrated the dependence of energy use on non-renewable energy sources by revealing a significant and positive relationship between short and long-term energy use and CO2 emissions. Similar to energy use, nuclear energy use and air transport freight was also found to be positively correlated with CO2 emissions. On the other hand, despite the fact that there is a strong negative connection between carbon dioxide emissions and renewable energy, the results reveal that the correlation between the two is not statistically significant. The study aims to investigate the effect of important economic factors on Germany’s CO2 emissions in order to move further in a sustainable manner. The data reveals an astonishing increase in the usage of nuclear energy for power generation between 1965 and 1985, which was followed by a fall in 2012 as a result of the Fukushima tragedy and growing social unease in Germany, which ultimately led to the phase-out of nuclear power. Nonetheless, BAU projections revealed that even with 200 nuclear power plants, CO2 emissions would still be reduced to 278 by 2070, in part because of the additional power produced by other energy sources.

Green Project Management in the Construction Sector in Greece

Green Project Management is directly related to the practices of technical companies for the construction of technical projects based on a sustainable design with the central objective of minimizing or eliminating negative environmental impacts, saving resources and minimizing the use of non-renewable energy sources. This work is aims at investigating the current situation regarding the application of green administration and management of technical projects and highlighting the importance of this application in terms of limiting environmental pollution by the Technical Companies of the construction sector in Greece. The research was conducted by distributing a questionnaire to a random sample of 60 employees - engineers of Greek technical companies in the construction sector, with experience in the management of Technical Projects. The results of the research showed significant deficiencies in the application of green management practices of technical projects in Greece and in the improper use of raw materials and green products as well as serious deficiencies in the financing of construction companies.

The efficiency of natural resources in research and development: Developed economies’ mineral resources perspective

In the context of sustainable development, economies are struggling to attain economic development and environmental sustainability. Emerging economies are mostly dependent on natural resource extraction to expand their economic sector while ignoring the environmental cost incurred by the use of nonrenewable energy sources. However, few determinants of renewable energy use have been explored in the literature. Nevertheless, a comprehensive analysis of renewable energy factors while considering the role of natural resources is of paramount importance. The present research explores the nexus of economic development, carbon emissions, research and development, and natural resources with renewable energy in emerging economies between 1989 and 2021. Using novel nonparametric estimation methodologies, this study revealed cointegration between the mentioned variables. Based on the nonlinearity of information, this research employs the moment's quantile regression and asserts that economic expansion is the sole important factor influencing renewable energy use. However, focusing on increased (quadratic) economic growth, natural resource exploitation, carbon emissions, and R&D for economic expansion dramatically diminishes the amount of renewable energy usage. Based on the empirical findings, this report recommends efficient natural resource management, carbon neutrality, and increasing investment in renewable energy-related R&D.

Navigating through the Storm—The Challenges of the Energy Transition in the European Union

As civilization and technology have developed, there have been multiple energy transitions that have pushed various resources like coal, wood, oil, and gas to the forefront of the energy mix. Due to a variety of geopolitical initiatives, there have been progressively more restrictions on the energy sector in recent years. One of the main concerns of researchers is the widespread use of renewable energy and the replacement of fossil resources. The utilization of non-renewable energy sources results in a detrimental increase in greenhouse gas emissions. One of the most crucial strategies for lowering energy consumption and enhancing the energy system’s sustainability is to increase energy efficiency. Numerous studies note that energy transition has become necessary in the modern day. Using the analysis of the main components as an extraction method, hierarchical cluster analysis, this study focuses on the situation of the states of the European Union in their race for energy transition, taking into account the main challenges generated by geopolitical tensions and the energy poverty spectrum for the population. The conclusions of the study call for a reconfiguration of the energy mix based on renewable energy. Increasing the share of renewable energy is a goal pursued by EU countries, but energy policies must be considered in a broader context that includes the social aspects of the energy transition. So, just transition is a new concept that reshapes the actions of public authorities on the path to a low-carbon economy. Just transition is a necessity that puts the consumer at the center of attention so that the negative externalities generated by the move away from fossil fuels are minimized in terms of social impact.