Non-metallic Mineral Research Articles

Productive and Consumptive Emission Characteristics of Energy-related Nitrogen Oxides in Eastern Chinese Cities

Nitrogen oxides (NO x ) have long been the focus of air pollution control. Examining the spatial and driving characteristics of NO x emissions at the urban scale and from the supply-chain perspective is critical. Using the inventory method and the environmentally extended input–output analysis, energy-related NO x emissions of 90 cities in eastern China were calculated, and the spatial patterns and driving sectors of urban emissions were analyzed from both production- and consumption-based perspectives. The results show that the production-based emissions of eastern Chinese cities are substantially affected by their industrial structure and are higher in the north and lower in the south. The cities with higher consumption-based emissions are mainly those with large populations and relatively developed economies. Production-based NO x emissions per unit gross domestic product (GDP) are higher in the north and lower in the south, and emissions per unit area are generally higher in coastal areas and lower in inland areas. The emission intensities of 5 selected major urban agglomerations differ, due to the influences of industrial structure and population density. The consumption-based NO x emissions per capita are mainly affected by urban affluence and consumption patterns. The sectors that contribute most to the production-based emissions per unit GDP are mainly “mining and processing”, “petroleum, chemical and non-metallic mineral products”, “metal products”, “production and supply of electricity, natural gas and water” and “transportation, storage, and postal services”, while the sector that contributes most to the consumption-based emissions per capita is the construction industry. Emission reduction strategies are proposed for both consumption-oriented and production-oriented cities.

Макроэкономические тенденции развития Дальнего Востока России в первой половине 2024 г.

Based on operational statistical, analytical and expert information, an analysis of the economic and social situation in the Far Eastern Federal District in the first half of 2024 is carried out in comparison with 2022–2023. It is shown that while instability and contradictory development trends in certain sectors of the economy persist, a sharp decline in the macroeconomic context is not observed. The output index of basic economic activities shows positive dynamics, but the active growth rate has slowed down. This does not currently allow us to talk about a stable phase of economic growth. The formation of growth rates in the industry of the Far Eastern Federal District was positively influenced by an increase in mining production for the main raw materials, an increase in the production of aviation and engineering products, certain types of non-metallic mineral products, and prefabricated wooden building structures. The positive dynamics and growth of investments in fixed assets were associated with the implementation of large investment projects in the field of railway and port infrastructure, mining, and manufacturing. There is a high level of inflation despite tight monetary policy. Consumer demand continues to expand in certain categories due to the growth of real incomes of the population

In situ carbon stable isotope measurement for graphite using LA-MC-ICP-MS

A new analysis method for carbon isotope composition of graphite via LA-MC-ICP-MS.

On the issue of shipping finished products in mining of non-metallic mineral raw materials

Mining of non-metallic raw materials is an extremely important process, since the production of building materials is one of the priority directions for state industry and society development. The production of building materials consists of a large chain of technological processes, of which the shipment of finished products to consumers is one of the main ones. This paper examines design solutions for finished product transhipment storehouses in non-metallic quarries of solid minerals, which are expedient to apply in technological schemes of cyclic-flow processing-transport equipment complexes of the specified quarries. The scope of their application has been determined by the criterion of specific energy intensity of processes and operations when shipping products from stacks of surface storehouses in standard quarries. The results obtained are recommended for implementation when designing technology for mining non-metallic fields and processing of raw materials to produce building materials with shipment of finished products to consumers.

Manufacturing industry potential of the Kyrgyz Republic in Eurasian economic integration

The Kyrgyz Republic, as a developing country with a socialist past, has great opportunities for further economic development. An important factor to consider is the growth of the manufacturing industry, which highlights the significance of analyzing this sector within the country. This study centers on the potential contribution of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), of which Kyrgyzstan is a constituent, towards the advancement of this industry. The research aimed to evaluate the current manufacturing capacity of the Kyrgyz Republic in the industrial sector and to comprehend the influence of the EAEU on industry growth. The main methods that were used during the writing of the research were analysis, forecasting, abstraction, and historical analysis. The work analyzed the industrial sector of Kyrgyzstan within the framework of its integration into the EAEU. The research assessed the historical background of Kyrgyzstan’s accession to the EAEU and the subsequent harmonization of national legislation with the provisions and requirements of the union. In addition, data comparing the industrial production and growth rates of Kyrgyzstan, Armenia, and Kazakhstan have been presented, highlighting notable trends and differences. The work examines specific components of the manufacturing industry of the Kyrgyz Republic, the manufacture of food, beverages, and tobacco products; rubber and plastic manufacture, and non-metallic mineral goods; manufacturing of basic metals and metal products (excluding machinery and equipment); and supply of electricity, gas, steam, and conditioned air. It also talks about the manufacturing sector's importance in Kyrgyzstan, current trends, and possible future improvements, and it enables the assessment of the country's involvement in the EAEU.

Market potential and the industrial sectors inclusion sequence in China's national carbon emission trading: From the perspective of maximizing gains

The carbon emission trading scheme (CETS) has been gradually introduced in China to control carbon emissions and boost economic and social development. The existing literature has evaluated the market potential of pilot CETSs or a certain industry, yet no study has focused on the industrial sectors to be covered in the national CETS to analyze trading flexibility and the sector inclusion sequence. This study presents an analytical framework for estimating market potential (i.e., potential gains and carbon emission reduction potential) and industrial sector inclusion sequences for China's national CETS using by-production models. Three simulation scenarios (i.e., no-trading scenario, power sector trading scenario, and multiple-industry trading scenario) and two trading modes (i.e., contemporary and intertemporal trading mode) are simultaneously considered. The novel evidences are: (i) There would be 39.93% (27.7 trillion CNY), 65.26% (273.0 trillion CNY) and 159.42% (666.7 trillion CNY) national aggregated potential gains of CETS in intertemporal power sector trading scenario, contemporary multiple-industry trading scenario and intertemporal multiple-industry trading scenario, and they would help save 3.60%, 5.18% and 6.05% of CO2 emissions reduction, respectively. (ii) CO2 emission permits would transfer from nonmetal minerals, ferrous metals, and electricity, to paper making, non-ferrous metals, petrochemicals, and chemicals under the intertemporal multiple-industry trading simulation. (iii) Based on the principle of potential gain maximization, it is recommended that the sector of smelting and processing of non-ferrous metals should to be included as the next sector in national CETS. The results show that national CETS has great market potential for achieving China's joint carbon control and economic growth goals.

Mining of non-metallic mineral deposits in the context of Ukraine’s reconstruction in the war and post-war periods

Purpose. The research purpose is to study the conditions for mining deposits of metamorphic and igneous origin to produce crushed stone products in conditions of limited electricity supply. Methods. The research uses an integrated approach, including data analysis on quarry field spatial dimensions and the overburden rock thickness, which provides the basis for identifying deposits into basic groups. For the identified groups of deposits, taking into account the hydrological characteristics of non-metallic deposits and their parameters, patterns have been determined that characterize the change in the normative atmospheric precipitation inflow, based on the quarry field area and the change in the specific costs for water drainage depending on the studied quarry field type. Based on data on technical characteristics of mobile and semi-stationary units and aggregates, the parameters of physical-mechanical properties of granites and diorites, technical-technological solutions for the formation of complexes for processing raw materials for the production of crushed stone products are proposed. Findings. Problems arising during mining operations under conditions of limited electricity supply, which is caused by mass attacks on Ukraine’s energy infrastructure, have been revealed. A systematization of deposits of igneous and metamorphic origin for mining of rock building materials, which are the basis for the production of crushed stone products, has been developed. The rates of water inflow into the mined-out space depending on the quarry field spatial parameters and the depth of mining operations have been studied. Technological schemes of the apparatuses of a complex for processing raw materials for production of crushed stone products and the apparatuses of a complex for processing siftings are proposed. Originality. Dependences of possible water inflow into the mined-out space of the quarry and change in energy consumption for water drainage have been determined, taking into account the accepted classification criteria, namely the quarry field spatial dimensions, the overburden rock thickness and the quarry depth. Practical implications. The obtained data on the possible water inflow into the mined-out space of the quarry and change in energy consumption for water drainage make it possible to assess the efficiency of pumping units. The proposed technical-technological solutions on formation of complexes for processing raw materials to produce crushed stone products have been developed in accordance with the fundamental provisions of the Law of Ukraine “On approval of the National program for the development of the mineral resource base of Ukraine for the period up to 2030”.

Mining Management of Nonmetallic Minerals and Rocks Based on Government Policy

Mining Management of Nonmetallic Minerals and Rocks Based on Government Policy

Hisse Senedi Piyasalarının Depremlere Karşı Kırılganlığı / Türkiye'de 2023 Yılında Meydana Gelen 7.7 ve 7.6 Ölçekli Depremler: Taş Toprak, Metal Ana, İnşaat ve Bayındırlık İşleri Sektörleri

This study aims to reveal whether stock markets are vulnerable to the effects of earthquakes and how they are affected by earthquakes. The 7.7 and 7.6 magnitude earthquakes in Turkey in February 2023 were explored. The impact of the earthquake on Borsa Istanbul was analyzed with the event study method, specific to non-metallic mineral products, basic metals, and construction & infrastructure sectors. Firstly, the paired-samples T-Test and the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test were used to evaluate whether there was a difference that was statistically significant in the cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) of the sector-specific indexes in the 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 hour time periods prior to and following the earthquake first occurred. The first results indicate that for all evaluated time intervals, the first occurred earthquake had positive effects on the CARs of the non-metallic mineral products and base metals sector indices and negative effects on the construction & infrastructure sector indices. Secondly, the effects of both the first and second earthquakes were analyzed with the Seemingly Unrelated Regressions (SUR) Model. According to the SUR Model analysis, the direction of the effects of the first earthquake is consistent with the first findings. In this model, the direction of the effects of the second earthquake is also compatible with the direction of the effects of the first earthquake, but the size and trend of the consequences of these earthquakes change over time. The findings are expected to contribute to the literature by shedding light on how sectors can respond to catastrophes like earthquakes occurrences at the micro level.

Identifikasi Jenis Mineral Industri Dengan Xrd Pada Sampel Batupasir Formasi Ekmai, Distrik Ertsberg, Kabupaten Mimika, Provinsi Papua Tengah

The sandstones of the Ekmai Formation are composed of various minerals, both metal and non-metallic minerals, especially industrial minerals. This study aims to identify the types of industrial minerals within the sandstones using XRD analysis. The main mineral identified is quartz. Other minerals groups are carbonates, clay, garnet, feldspar, amphibole, chlorite, epidote, and olivine.

Evaluation of green mine construction level in Tibet based on entropy method and TOPSIS

Green mine construction is a systematic project involving the whole life cycle of mineral resources exploitation and utilization, representing the overall level of development potential. As an important strategic mineral resources reserve base in China, Tibet is rich in mineral resources. In order to calculate the level of green mine construction in Tibet, we obtained different data sources such as statistical yearbooks and mine construction information through field research and discussion. We establish the EMUCIMH evaluation system, select a total of 20 indexes from seven aspects(ecological mining environment, scientific mining method, efficient resource utilization, standardization of energy conservation and emission reduction, intelligent mine construction, standardization of enterprise management and harmonization of mining community),using the Entropy Weight TOPSIS Method to study the problems existing in the process of green mine construction, expecting to provide some references for government departments to make management decisions and for mining enterprises to improve green mine construction. The results show that among the 11 national green mines in Tibet, the construction status is uneven, and there are large differences in the mining methods, the comprehensive utilization of resources, and the ecological environment of mining areas. In contrast, The difference of standardization of enterprise management, intelligent mine construction and the harmonization of mining community is small. Among the specific indicators, in terms of exhaust emissions, mining community harmony and corporate culture are doing well, while they are relatively poor in terms of environmental management and monitoring, technological innovation, and intelligent mine, which need to be improved. Large and medium-sized mines, especially metal mines, the overall level of green mine construction is high, followed by small and medium-sized metal mines and individual Non-metal large mines, and mines with more historical problems faced more difficulties and challenges.

Research Status and Challenges of High-Purity Quartz Processing Technology from a Mineralogical Perspective in China

Quartz deposits are widely dispersed in nature, but the presence of ore bodies capable of yielding high-purity quartz is exceedingly rare. As a result, the effective purification and processing of high-purity quartz from natural siliceous materials has emerged as a prominent area of research within the non-metallic mineral processing field. This article offers an overview of the current state of research and its limitations in quartz purification and processing technology in China, including the characteristics of quartz mineral resources, the geological origins of ore deposits, impurity forms in ores, and purification techniques. Drawing from examples of five distinct types of quartz ores—vein quartz, powder quartz, quartzite, granitic pegmatite, and pegmatitic granite—we delve into the inherent properties of quartz deposits, ores, and minerals from a mineralogical perspective, establishing their link to purification and processing methodologies. A fundamental challenge restraining the advancement of the high-purity quartz industry is the absence of criteria for evaluating and selecting high-purity quartz raw materials. Existing purification technologies grapple with issues such as intricate single mineral liberation, substantial acid consumption, high energy requirements, and protracted processing procedures. The lack of mineralogically based deep purification techniques presents a hurdle to the development of the high-purity quartz industry. Given the diversity of ore types, the pursuit of knowledge-driven design and the development of economically efficient, environmentally friendly, and streamlined new technologies for tackling the complexities of the purification process may constitute the future direction of our endeavors.

Evaluation of relationship between nonmetallic mineral resources production and sustainable development

This research delves into the repercussions of nonmetallic resource production on sustainability across 23 Asian economies from 2000 to 2021, employing the ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) technique. A 1% upswing in nonmetallic resource production triggers a transient 0.04% decline in sustainability, followed by a durable 0.14% upturn. Immediate effects stem from environmental resource strain, while prolonged impacts signify economic and technological growth, fostering sustainability. The Consumer Price Index (CPI) detrimentally influences sustainability by diminishing purchasing power, whereas trade openness positively contributes by facilitating technology transfer. The limited role of patent applications in promoting sustainability underscores the necessity for advancements in green patents. Initially, GDP per capita has a negative impact, but it transitions to positive in the long run, indicating a connection between income growth and sustainability. Income levels significantly influence short-term sustainability impact, particularly in lower-income countries. Policymakers are advised to prioritize efficiency, circular economy practices, green financial instruments, and sustainable corporate management to bolster sustainability in nonmetallic resource production.

Water Impacts and Effluent Quality Regulations of Canadian Mining

Energy transition relies on the scaling up of mineral production and may lead to increased pressure on water resources due to the intensity of water use in mining. The status of Canada as a major mineral producer and a country with effective environmental regulations prompted our study of the water impacts of Canadian mining. In 2002, the Canadian government introduced effluent quality regulations that targeted metal mining companies. By analyzing regional and sectoral data, we find that such regulations were important for mitigating both the water quality and water quantity impacts of metal mining. Despite increasing output, metal mining reduced its contribution to total mining withdrawals and discharge from 85% in the pre-regulation period to 62–65% in the post-regulation period. In the absence of such regulations, non-metallic mineral mining and, in particular, coal mining, increased their pressure on water resources. Finally, we find that since 2002, over 90% of regulated operations have met effluent quality standards. However, we document increased flows of discharge to mine tailings, a development which requires further analysis.

Development of an interactive multi-region enviro-economic equilibrium (IMR3E) model for managing inner- and inter-region carbon-emission mitigation

Under the multiple pressures of climate change, carbon mitigation and economic development, systematically studying the compound effects of economic and environmental policies on the system is desired. An interactive multi-region enviro-economic equilibrium (IMR3E) model is developed to i) explore various carbon-mitigation effects (and their interactions) under multiple policy alternatives (in terms of carbon, income and production taxes) and their combinations. ii) characterize interactions among sectoral activities of multiple provinces, as well as their inner- and inter-region social-economic and environmental (SEE) effects. It is discovered that about 20 % of the carbon emission of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is to meet the final demands in other provinces (mainly in Guangdong and Beijing) outside the YREB. The power generation sector and the non-metallic mineral products industry (including the cement industry) are the main sources of external carbon emissions. Moreover, the composite effects of the implementation of different enviro-economic policies in YREB will be amplified along with the supply chain, and are reflected in the impact on carbon emissions of different provinces. The adjustment of YREB's production tax and carbon tax will have a certain impact on the indirect emission intensity of other provinces, while the income tax will not. For system symbiosis (i.e., an ecological indicator that reflects the fitness of the entire system), adjusting production tax is the most important factor, and a lower production tax level is the most beneficial. Regarding the consumption-based carbon emission intensity of other provinces, carbon tax policy has the greatest impact, with a contribution rate of over 95 %. Moreover, the interaction of carbon tax and production tax should be fully valued when adjusting the industrial structure.

The carbon dioxide storage potential of building materials: a systematic literature review

This study assesses the carbon dioxide storage ranges within new and innovative building materials. We conduct a Systematic Literature Review and gather data for carbon dioxide storage in building materials from 27 studies. The obtained values are classified into derived Eurostat categories ‘biomass - fast growing’, ‘biomass - slow growing’, ‘non-metallic minerals - industrial’ and ‘non-metallic minerals - natural’ and harmonized to the unit of gram carbon dioxide storage per kilogram of material (gCO2/kg). Based on the systematic review, the mean value of carbon dioxide storage for the category ‘biomass - fast growing’ results in 1758.0 gCO2/kg and for the category ‘biomass - slow growing’ in 1787.0 gCO2/kg, while the mean value for ‘non-metallic minerals - industrial’ results in 137.7 gCO2/kg and for ‘non-metallic minerals - natural’ in 574.1 gCO2/kg. The obtained statistical summaries provide a basis for future research on the path towards a net-zero carbon built environment.

Analysis of Changes in Inter-Industrial Linkages and Economic Effects of Coal Industry in China Using Input–Output Model

This research quantifies the inter-industrial linkages (forward linkages and backward linkages) and economic effects (production-inducing effects and supply-shortage effects) and their changes through the input–output analysis of China’s coal industry in different time periods (2005, 2010, 2015, 2020). The results show that, from an overall point of view, the linkages (backward and forward) between the coal industry and other industries, as well as the economic effects of the coal sector, have tended to weaken in recent years, and both of these indicators for the coal sector in 2020 are weaker than the levels in 2005. However, individual sectors differ from the overall trend: the non-metal mineral products sector has shown an upward trend in recent years in the degree of total demand for coal sector products and the degree of influence by supply shortages in the coal sector, while these two indicators for the construction sector have been on an upward trend since 2005; the electricity, heat production, and supply sector has shown an upward trend in recent years in the degree of influence by supply shortages in the coal sector. Based on the analytical results of this study, some policy insights are provided for China’s low-carbon transition.

A Comprehensive Methodology for Assessing the Hazardousness of Waste Categorized in the European Union Legislation as “Mirror Entries”—Case Studies

In the European Union List of Wastes, the category of “mirror entry” waste refers to either hazardous or non-hazardous waste, depending on their composition and specificity. Classifying waste as hazardous or non-hazardous is essential because it influences the feasibility and economic viability of subsequent management methods. Thus, waste classification represents a challenge both for the scientific community and for the producers/holders of waste. The methodology presented in this paper describes the stages that are the basis for evaluating the dangerousness of “mirror entry” waste and the potential factors that influence the evaluation process. Three case studies that represented three types of industrial waste were selected: waste from the non-metallic minerals industry (W1), waste from glass manufacturing (W2), and waste from the iron and steel industry (W3). The case studies were characterized and evaluated according to hazardous properties and the assignment of a waste code. The W1 and W2 waste samples did not present the hazardous properties HP1–HP15 and were included in the non-hazardous waste list. The W3 waste sample exhibited five dangerous properties and was classified as hazardous waste. The assessed wastes maintain the classifications as long as there are no changes in the technological process generation and in their composition.

Industry 4.0 and energy in manufacturing sectors in China

Digitalisation in manufacturing (or “industry 4.0”) is expected to improve energy efficiency and thus reduce energy intensity in manufacturing, but studies show that it may also increase energy consumption. In this article, we investigate to what extent the degree of industry 4.0 is linked to energy consumption and energy intensity in ten Chinese manufacturing sectors between 2006 and 2019. We approximate the degree of industry 4.0 by combining data on a) patent intensity of industry 4.0-related technologies and b) industrial robot intensity. Our results indicate that there is no significant overall relationship between the degree of industry 4.0 and energy consumption or energy intensity, in contrast to some earlier studies in the Chinese context which find energy intensity reducing effects of digitalisation. We argue that industry 4.0 in China might have fewer energy related benefits than expected by politics and industry. Growth-inducing effects and outsourcing of energy-intensive manufacturing tasks, for instance, may counteract efficiency-related savings. To decarbonise manufacturing in line with China's proclaimed objective of carbon neutrality by 2060, policy makers and industry should identify specific opportunities and take seriously risks of industry 4.0. The focus should be on reducing absolute energy consumption as opposed to energy intensity, which may disguise digital rebound effects; and on integrating renewable energies, particularly in the most energy-intensive sectors (metals, chemicals, non-metallic minerals).

Effect of a Depression Levels using the DEMATEL Method

Depression can range from mild, moderate, temporary sad episodes to persistent, severe depression. Major depression, also referred to as major depressive disorder, is a more severe kind of depressive disorder called clinical depression. Depression, psychosis, and perinatal or postnatal depression are examples of major depressive disorder types. You could have a light, moderate, or severe sadness diagnosis. If you have any of the following symptoms, your mental health expert may determine that you are depressed: most of the time. In 82 sad patients, reduced hippocampal brain activity was seen according to an fMRI study. Patients who experience negative emotion or depression may have worse cognitive processing due to decreased grey matter and lower functional activity in the hippocampus. In the DSM-IV, severe mental illness (psychotic depression) involves depression, atypical characteristics, decreolization, periodic pattern (seasonal affective disorder), especially postpartum onset. Psychotic depression can occur alone or with psychosis. "At its most basic level, it's what some people have referred to as 'the blues' - the sensation of being unfulfilled in life." When less severe depressive symptoms remain for at least two years, a condition known as chronic depressive disorder, or mild depression, may apply to low-grade depression. A mild but persistent form of depression is called dysthymia. Persistent depression disorder is another name for it. Major depression is occasionally a symptom of this illness. It can be an early sign of depression One of the above clinical conditions (Wilson and many others. Individuals with Alzheimer's disease see a steady decrease in their ability to handle stress. Gartner (1997) put up an intermediary theory for employing individualized music to calm the crowd that takes these components into account. According to the notion, music stimulates the memory of previous events and reveals the prospect of memories connected to pleasant emotions. a calming impact that lessens or calms frantic actions. Failure to mention a depressed mood to one's doctor is relatively typical among Chinese people (Lai & Good 2005; Yeung et al. 2004). Chinese people with depression's views on their health A person with clinically severe depression exhibits a variety of symptoms that affect their performance, including chronic melancholy, a low mood, or a loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities, according to one study that concentrated on their physical symptoms. Yet, a person with clinically severe depression also exhibits a number of additional depressive symptoms that impair their ability to go about their daily lives, such as chronic sorrow, a low mood, or a lack of enthusiasm for tasks they once found enjoyable. DEMATEL (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) They are divided into analysis using the Nonmetal mineral product industry, General equipment manufacturing, Mining and washing of coal, Textile industry, Food manufacturing industry It is the interaction between the factors Visualized and assesses dependent relationships Through the structural model Also deals with identifying important. Depression Levels,Anxiety Levels, Stress Levels, Major depression and Antenatal and postnatal depression. Depression Levels in Depression Levels is got the first rank whereas is the Stress Levels is having the Lowest rank. Depression Levels in Depression Levels is got the first rank whereas is the Stress Levels is having the Lowest rank.