Non-member Groups Research Articles

How to achieve targeted advertising with the e-commerce platform’s membership system?

Targeted advertising has been extensively researched and utilized, yet it remains a challenge for the majority of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to effectively implement. To tackle this issue, e-commerce platforms have established member-oriented marketing windows that attract high-quality merchants and consumers, creating new opportunities for SMEs. Unlike traditional mass advertising (MA) in public windows, SMEs can achieve targeted advertising (TA) marketing to member and non-member groups separately by joining the membership marketing system. Two typical advertising cost-bearing structures are included for the platform’s membership marketing system: the Platform-Bearing-Cost (PBC) and the Merchant-Bearing-Cost (MBC) mechanisms. The results show that, regardless of the cost-bearing mechanism, the narrow fee gap between the two marketing windows leads to a higher advertising level and advertising investment for members under TA. Moreover, we identify the criteria under which the merchant adopts TA: a limited cross-purchase for the members in public windows. Furthermore, a sufficiently low members’ cross-purchase coefficient in public windows contributes to a TA win–win outcome for the platform and the merchant. Nevertheless, the platform does not always benefit from the merchant’s adoption of TA, which has inspired us to refine the platform’s membership marketing system further. Two viable options are proposed for consideration: discount adjustment and product screening. The former, which is a strategic adjustment of member-only discounts, is designed to induce merchants to adopt the ad format that aligns with the platform’s expectations. The latter, which is a set of rigorous entry criteria, is intended to permit only those products that are in high demand to participate.

Measurement of Technical and Scale Efficiency of Dairy Farms in Pune District of Maharashtra: Data Envelopment Analysis Approach

The present study intended to determine the technical and scale efficiency of sample dairy farms for evaluating their performance. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique was used to estimate the technical and scale efficiency of 80 each of member and nonmember dairy farms in the Pune district of Maharashtra state during 2019. Technical efficiency score further partitioned into pure technical efficiency and overall technical efficiency. The technical efficiency score was more for member dairy farms as compared to the non-members under the assumption of constant return to scale (CRS) and variable return to scale (VRS). It highlighted that the non-members of dairy cooperatives had more potential to reduce the input use without affecting the output level compared to the member group. It was also observed that the technical efficiency under the CRS assumption was more than VRS for both member and non-member groups. It revealed that the farms were scaled inefficient (SE<1) and not operating at optimal scale. The study further revealed a positive relationship between technical efficiency and herd size. It also revealed that the resource-saving potential due to the scale effect. So, it supported the policy of providing technical advice on the use of feed and fodder resources, better management practices, and increasing the herd size to increase the technical and scale efficiency.

Potensi Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja di Koperasi Jawa Barat Tahun 2020 Menggunakan Structural Equation Model

Labor absorption in the cooperative sector in West Java is still relatively low at 10,434 people or 0.05 percent. Based on this fact, the absorption of labor in the cooperative sector can still be increased in line with the program of the Ministry of Cooperatives and MSMEs in implementing total cooperative reform through three strategic measures, namely Reorientation, Rehabilitation and Development. Therefore, it is expected that the absorption of labor in the cooperative sector of West Java is increasing. To find out and see this, this research was done. The categories of respondents in this study are divided into two groups, namely the group of member respondents and the non-member respondent group. The analysis used to see the potential used descriptive analysis, while the Structural Equation Model (SEM) was used to see how much work stress, job satisfaction affect turnover intention for non-member groups of respondents. For the respondent group SEM members were used to see how much work stress, job satisfaction, and turnover intention affect member participation and cooperative development. The results showed that for the non-member respondent group both variables had a significant influence on turnover intention, while for the group of respondents members pointed out that the three variables had a significant direct influence on member participation and cooperative development.

Poverty Reduction Effect of New-Type Agricultural Cooperatives: An Empirical Analysis Using Propensity Score Matching and Endogenous Switching Regression Models

Agricultural cooperatives have been found to effectively alleviate poverty in developing countries because of their specific socioeconomic functions that allow poor households to overcome marketing and production constraints. However, cooperative evaluations are inevitably influenced by other poverty alleviation measures and rarely consider the characteristics of specific ethnic groups. Using cross-sectional surveys in Southwest China and employing propensity score matching (PSM) and endogenous switching regression (ESR) models, this paper analyzed the participation of poor households in New-type Agricultural Cooperatives (NACs) in ethnic areas and assessed the income impacts of NAC membership by eliminating unobserved biases and group heterogeneity. This study detected heterogeneous policy perceptions and behavioral differences between the member and nonmember groups, and the PSM and ESR model results indicated that, overall, participation in the NACs had a positive effect on household income. The ESR model was found to be more plausible as it was able to reveal the significant income gaps under a counterfactual inference framework. Local policymakers need to focus on the policy perception and behavioral and earning capability differences between groups and increase the balanced policy implementation.

Accessorizing (with) “Gypsyness” in the Twenty-first Century

Prefaced with a brief discussion of representation and cultural appropriation, this article examines how the fashion industry recycles and revamps hackneyed tropes that cast Roma into narratives of wanderlust, mystique, and transgression. Such tropes perpetuate epistemic injustice, compromise understandings ofRoma and their culture(s) within non-member groups, and curtail Roma designers’ rhetorical agency. I flesh out the discussion with the case of Mexican American designer Rio Uribe and his line Gypsy Sport and argue that, despite Uribe’s investment in social justice and much touted effort toward inclusiveness, he fails to acknowledge the unethical and harmful dimensions of his work. I turn to the fashion studio Romani Design (founded by Hungarian Roma designers Erika and Helena Varga) as an example of Roma initiatives that counter appropriative practices through reclaiming the heritage for self-representation and empowerment, then envision ways of intervening in the fashion industry’s co-option and misuse of Roma’s cultural heritage.

The Portrait Depiction of the Market Members Based on Data Mining

Aiming at the problem of portrait of members in shopping malls, this paper analyzes the similarities and differences of consumption behaviors between member groups and nonmember groups, and constructs the LRFMC model with [Formula: see text]-means algorithm to analyze the value of membership. Second, active states of members are divided according to the consumption time interval, and KNN algorithm model is established to predict member states and used to predict the membership status. Finally, it discusses which types of goods are more suitable for promotional activities and can bring more profits to the shopping mall.

Génesis y tensiones en la comunidad societal de Parsons

This article explains the genesis and development of the concept of societal community, created by functionalist sociologist Talcott Parsons. It is assumed that societal community concept involves certain novelty. This article shows the paths of this concept following the works of Parsons as well as specialized bibliography, in an attempt to synthesize it. Finally, the article presents two internal tensions of the concept itself: regarding the inclusion of non-member groups and the use of coercion.

Perbedaan perubahan berat badan, aktivitas fisik, dan kontrol glukosa darah antara anggota organisasi penyandang diabetes melitus dan non anggota

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that can not be cured, but the blood glucose levels can be controlled with diabetes management. There is organization in Indonesia for people with diabetes mellitus called Persadia (Persatuan Diabetes Indonesia). Patients who join diabetes peer group is expected to have a better lifestyle. Objective: To determine differences in weight changes, physical activity, and blood glucose control between Persadia members and non members.Method: Cross sectional study, with 42 subjects. The subjects were type 2 DM outpatients in Pantiwilasa Citarum Hospital, choosen by consecutive sampling and devided into 2 groups, Persadia members and non members. Weight changes was the difference of current weight with weight from 3 months ago. Physical activity was exercise habits and measured by questionnaire. Blood glucose control was glucose concentrations and measured by HbA1C examination. Statistical analysis used was Chi Square, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and Fisher.Result: Persadia group members had more frequent physical activity (52.4%) than non-member groups (9.6%). Based on statistical analysis there is a difference of physical activity between Persadia group members and non members (p = 0,042). While on weight change (p = 0,537) and blood glucose control (p = 0,663) there was no difference between Persadia member and non member.Conclusion: There is a difference between Persadia members and non-members on physical activity. However, there was no difference in weight change and blood glucose control between Persadia and non-member members.

Distinguishing ambivalence from indifference: A study of attitudes toward land trusts among members and nonmembers

Private, not-for-profit land trusts have become major players in U.S. conservation efforts in the last 50 years. During this period membership in land trust organizations has grown. Despite the expansion of land trusts and land trust membership, little is known about public attitudes and beliefs about these organizations. To address this gap, we fielded a mail survey to members of a regional land trust in Indiana and a sample of nonmembers that reside in the areas served by that organization. In addition to examining differences in land trust members and nonmembers in terms of their demographic characteristics, recreation habits, awareness and use of land trust properties; we examined land trust beliefs and attitudes. Drawing from recent developments in attitude theory, the study employed a two-dimensional/bivariate model that allowed us to assess attitudes and distinguish between two forms of neutral attitudes toward land trusts – ambivalence (equal positive and negative feelings) and indifference (lack of any feelings). The study results indicated that, on average, land trust members were slightly older, better educated, and had lived in the area for shorter period of time than nonmembers. Members were also more likely to engage in non-consumptive outdoor activities like hiking and bird watching, while nonmembers were more likely to fish and hunt. Members also tended to have more positive attitudes toward land trusts and were more likely to express positive associations with land trusts. Nonmember attitudes demonstrated greater variability; specifically compared to members, nonmembers were more like to hold indifferent, ambivalent, or negative attitudes toward land trusts. Additional analysis comparing these three non-member groups provided insight into differences in their behaviors, knowledge, and underlying beliefs. We conclude with a discussion of the implications for organizational policy and outreach efforts.

Study on Reproduction and Production Performance of Buffaloes and Management Practices Adopted by Member and Non-member Groups of Dairy Cooperatives in Jaipur (Rajasthan)

Study was conducted to assess the performance of buffaloes and to find out the existing health and milking management practices adopted by member and non-member households of dairy co-operatives in Jaipur district of Rajasthan. An analysis of data revealed that Overall age at first calving in member and non-member groups was 47.45±0.20 and 49.89±0.20 months, respectively. Average age at first calving was lowest in small farmers and highest in marginal farmers. Overall average dry period was 135.64±1.39 in member and 150.06±1.45 days in non-member families. Dry period reduced as farm size increased in both the groups. Overall lactation length was 321.08±0.95 and 308.45±0.71 days in members and non-members, respectively. Lactation length increased with increased farm size. Overall inter calving period was almost similar (457.44±2.34 and 458.51±2.16 days) and overall total lactation milk yield was 1936.09±9.56 and 1645.91±13.57 lit. in member and non-member families, respectively. Overall adoption of vaccination and deworming was much higher (61.67 and 75.83 percent) in member households in comparison to non-member households (23.30 and 31.67 percent). Majority (56.67%) of member families control the ticks and lice by spraying /dusting the insecticides, whereas majority (60.0%) of non-member families control the external parasites manually. Most of the (84.17%) member families preferred qualified veterinarian for treatment to their sick animals. However nearly half (52.50%) of the non-member households preferred village Gunni. Isolation of sick animal from rest of the herd was adopted by 58.33 percent households in member, whereas 71.76 percent households not followed this practice in non-member. Dipping of teats after milking for control of mastitis was not adopted in both the groups. However significant higher percentage (16.17) of household in member families followed this practice in comparison to non members (5.83%). Knuckling method of milking was common in both the groups. All the households allow the calf to suckle to the buffalo before and after milking. Significant higher percentage (55.83) in member families maintained regular interval between two milking than non-members. Most of the households milked at same unhygienic places. Milkers hands and utensils were cleaned by all the households in both the groups before milking.

The importance of student research projects in dental education

In this article, our aim was to summarise students' research over 15 years at Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry and to evaluate both the research activities from the students' perspectives and the effect of this activity on their undergraduate and postgraduate success. In 1992, dental students formed 'a Student Research Club' (SRC), which new students attend voluntarily and carry out a scientific project out with the normal curriculum every year. In total, 409 different students have presented 193 research projects at these meetings over 15 years. Seventy-four of these students were from other universities and presented 37 projects. In this research, a questionnaire containing 20 items was administered to 93 students who were the members of SRC to learn their own perception of the development of their academic and research skills and the broader impact of the club on their career. It was evaluated using Likert scale (ranged from strongly disagree to strongly agree). Student feedback was very positive and over three quarters (81%) of answers ranged between 'agree' and 'strongly agree'. When the cumulative grade point average (CGPA) of the 88 SRC members in the last 6 years (2003/2004 to 2008/2009) was evaluated as the school success rate, significant difference was found between the grades obtained by members and non-members (P<0.001). There was also significant difference between the CGPA of 25 members of SRC who were randomly chosen, before and after membership to the club (P<0.001). While the 141 members of SRC applied to postgraduate education to Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry over the last 5 years, 74 of them accepted for PhD (52.6%). There is a statistically significant difference between the member and non-member groups (P<0.001). In addition, of the 58 teaching assistants who stayed in academic life after postgraduate studies at Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry, 16 of them had been a member of the SRC (31%). However, no statistical difference was found between members of SRC and non-members. These data showed that although the students had an intensive programme in the school, they were able to carry out this voluntary activity successfully and this activity contributed to their educational process. Students also believe that participation of them to this activity effects positively on both personal development and academic success.

Gender, socioeconomic development and health-seeking behaviour in Bangladesh

In efforts to reduce gender and socioeconomic disparities in the health of populations, the provision of medical services alone is clearly inadequate. While socioeconomic development is assumed important in rectifying gender and socioeconomic inequities in health care access, service use and ultimately, outcomes, empirical evidence of its impact is limited. Using cross-sectional data from the BRAC-ICDDR,B Joint Research Project in Matlab, Bangladesh, this paper examines the impact of membership in BRAC’s integrated Rural Development Programme (RDP) on gender equity and health-seeking behaviour. Differences in health care seeking are explored by comparing a sample of households who are BRAC members with a sample of BRAC-eligible non-members. Individuals from the BRAC member group report significantly less morbidity (15-day recall) than those from the non-member group, although no gender differences in the prevalence of self-reported morbidity are apparent in either group. Sick individuals from BRAC member households tend to seek care less frequently than non-members. When treatment is sought, BRAC members rely to a greater extent on home remedies, traditional care, and unqualified allopaths than non-member households. While reported treatment seeking from qualified allopaths is more prevalent in the BRAC group, non-members use the para-professional services of community health care workers almost twice as frequently. In both BRAC member and non-member groups, women suffering illness report seeking care significantly less often than men. The policy and programmatic implications of between group and gender differences in care seeking are discussed with reference to the literature.

How Do Community Associations Vary? The Structure of Community Associations in Calgary, Alberta

The growth in territorial community associations has been one of the major trends in Western cities in recent years, but there are few comprehensive studies of the range of variation of these organisations in a single city. This case study of Calgary, a Canadian city of three-quarters of a million people in 1991, addresses this gap in our understanding by showing the variation in the character of all 118 community associations in the city. The city contained 94 local community buildings; 21 with an insured value of over 1m dollars. Yet membership levels were relatively low with a mean of 18.9 per cent. A factor analysis of 11 key variables of the variations in community association characteristics revealed 5 basic sources of differentiation, summarised as: resources; programmes and organisation; age and rental revenue dependency; membership; and salaries. A further factor analysis of the social structural characteristics of the community areas identified nine axes called: economic status; family status; age-participation; early middle age; mobility; immigrant-Charter Group; each European ethnic; central and southern European ethnic; and Dutch ethnic-old housing. In general, there were few strong associations between the two sets of generalised axes, demonstrating that the contextual effects of the variations in community association activity were not strong. The only exceptions were that membership levels had medium positive correlates with economic status, and old age areas had community associations that depended highly on revenues from the rental of community facilities to non-member groups.

Effects of participation in a self-help group for bereaved parents: compassionate friends.

Results of a panel survey study on bereaved parents are reported. Member and non-member groups, reflecting increasing levels of involvement in Compassionate Friends, are compared for trends in changes in depression and personal growth. While no differences in depression were detected a linear trend was evidenced in personal growth. Those parents who were most involved in the group were more likely to maintain a sense of positive personal change over the one year time span of the study. Reasons for the specific impact of self help group involvement are discussed.