Non-medical Reasons Research Articles

Female genital mutilation/cutting: going beyond urogynecologic complications and obstetric outcomes.

Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C or FGM) are procedures that involve partial or total removal of external female genitalia and other injuries to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. Over 4million girls are at risk of FGM annually. Since urogynecologic and obstetric complications of FGM have been extensively described and characterized, the aim of this review is to shift the focus on other aspects like perception of women, awareness of community, and knowledge of health workers. Our purpose is to highlight those aspects and understand how their grasp might help to eradicate this practice. Self-perception of women with FGM changes when they emigrate to western countries; awareness of complications and awareness of their rights are factors that make women reject the practice. Women from rural areas, already circumcised, or without a secondary level education are more likely to have a circumcised daughter. Women with at least a secondary education are more likely to agree with the eradication of the practice. Lack of education and poor wealth index are factors associated with men's support of FGM. Although aware of FGM, healthcare professionals need to be trained on this topic. General practitioners play a central role in addressing patients with FGM to the right path of diagnosis and treatment and psychologists in helping them with psychological sequelae. These findings point out the future area of intervention, stressing the need of higher standard of care and global effort to eradicate this practice.

Australian women's views concerning non-medical egg freezing and factors motivating freezing decisions.

We aimed to determine women's views about egg freezing for non-medical reasons and the factors motivating freezing decisions. In this study, 514 women aged 18-44 years completed an online cross-sectional survey exploring fertility knowledge, reproductive intentions and views concerning non-medical egg freezing. Data were analysed descriptively. Additionally, 14 variables noted as potential motivators in prior literature were entered into a multinomial regression to explore factors that would motivate women to consider freezing their eggs for non-medical reasons. Views concerning non-medical egg freezing were generally positive, with 61.3% of participants reporting that they would consider egg freezing ('Yes' or 'Maybe'). Factors motivating decisions to freeze varied among women who responded 'Yes', 'Maybe' and 'I don't know' to whether they would consider freezing. The availability of Medicare subsidization and the procedure not affecting future fertility were significant predictors for all three groups of women. Acceptability of egg freezing for non-medical reasons was moderate to high. However, there is a need for targeted fertility information to educate women about fertility and optimal times to conceive and freeze their eggs. Future research about views concerning non-medical egg freezing among diverse populations and examining the health economics of this procedure would be beneficial.

Knowledge and attitude of reproductive-aged women towards planned oocyte cryopreservation in the United Arab Emirates.

Delayed conception is associated with a decline in oocyte number and quality. Oocyte cryopreservation techniques are used for medical or non-medical (elective) reasons. We aim to assess the knowledge and attitudes towards planned oocyte cryopreservation (POC) among reproductive-aged women in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and to investigate the factors interfering with their decisions. A cross-sectional study on 422 women (18-38years) living in the UAE, using an online questionnaire with three sections: sociodemographic, knowledge, and attitudes towards POC. 91.2% of participants have heard of POC, 84.1% hold a bachelor's degree or higher, 65.4% with medical background, 54.3% employed, and 79.2% live in Sharjah and Dubai. Consideration of POC was significantly associated with age (p = 0.011), employment (p = 0.002), the Emirates they live (p < 0.001), and if they have heard of POC (p = 0.036). Mean knowledge score was 44.44%, which was significantly higher among those considering POC (49.66% vs. 40.55%), and social media was their main source of information. About 57% will not consider POC, mainly due to cost, cultural issues, and safety. Determinants of knowledge score were marital status (B = 0.44; 95%CI: 0.09-0.79; p value = 0.014) and education level (B = 0.35; 95%CI: 0.13-0.58; p value = 0.002), and after adjustment, only the education level remained significantly associated with knowledge score (B = 0.24; 95%CI: 0.01-0.47; p value = 0.042). Despite many participants being motivated to undergo POC, majority had poor knowledge, and cost was the main barrier. The main determinant of the knowledge score was education level. Awareness among couples of consequences of delaying childbearing and comprehensive information from medical practitioners are highly needed.

ELEMENTARY COMPONENTS OF SOCIAL SUBSTANCE

In the structure of a particular material substance a special "triad" is distinguished - an elementary object, an elementary act, and an elementary system. In the structure of social substance, the elementary object are real individuals viewed in unity with their activities and with the material conditions of their existence. The elementary social act is the self-production of real individuals. The elementary social system is the family. The latter contributes to the increase of the social substratum, which, by the law of negation of negation, relates the social quality to the chemical quality and contrasts it with the preceding biological quality that limits reproduction. Strengthening the family as an developing social institution is consistent with the goals of social progress. Abortion for non-medical reasons destroys an elementary social object and is an expression of an inferior, animal, biological essence that limits reproduction, but in no way of a higher, proper human essence aimed at increasing the social substratum.

Emergency obstetric referrals in public health facilities: A descriptive study from urban Maharashtra, India.

An effective referral system is key to access timely emergency obstetric care. The criticality of referrals makes it necessary to understand its pattern at the health system level. This study aims to document the patterns and primary reasons of obstetric case referral and the maternal and perinatal outcome of the cases in public health institutions in select areas of urban Maharashtra, India. The study is based on the health records of public health facilities in Mumbai and its adjoining three municipal corporations. The information on pregnant women referred for obstetric emergencies was collected from patient referral forms of municipal maternity homes and peripheral health facilities between 2016 and 2019. Maternal and child outcome data was obtained from "Received-In" peripheral and tertiary health facilities to track whether the referred woman reached the referral facility for delivery. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze demographic details, referral patterns, reasons of referrals, referral communication and documentation, time and mode of transfer and delivery outcomes. 14% (28,020) women were referred to higher health facilities. The most common reasons for referral were pregnancy-induced hypertension or eclampsia (17%), previous caesarean section (12%), fetal distress (11%) and Oligohydramnios (11%). 19% of all referrals were entirely due to unavailability of human resources or health infrastructure. Non-availability of emergency Operation Theatre (47%) and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (45%) were the major non-medical reasons for referrals. Absence of health personnel such as anaesthetist (24%), paediatrician (22%), physician (20%) or obstetrician (12%) was another non-medical reason for referrals. Referring facility had a phone-based communication about the referral with the receiving facility in less than half of the cases (47%). 60% of the referred women could be tracked in higher health facilities. Of the tracked cases, 45% women delivered via caesarean section. Most of the deliveries (96%) resulted in live birth outcomes. 34% of the newborns weighed less than 2,500 grams. Improving referral processes are critical to enhance the overall performance of emergency obstetric care. Our findings emphasize the need for a formal communication and feedback system between referring and receiving facilities. Simultaneously, ensuring EmOC at different levels of health facilities by upgradation of health infrastructure is recommended.

Assessment of complications associated with female genital cutting among postnatal women in Chuko Primary Hospital, Sidama region, Southern Ethiopia.

Female genital cutting is a genital operation for a nonmedical reason and involves the cutting away of a part or whole of the female external genitals. Postnatal women with genital cutting could be more vulnerable to circumcision-associated birth complications, and it is still a major health problem during childbirth and the postnatal period in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess complications associated with female genital cutting among postnatal women in Chuko Primary Hospital, Sidama region, Southern Ethiopia. An institutional-based quantitative cross-sectional study design was conducted from 01 May 2021 to 15 June 2021. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data were collected by using a structured pretested questionnaire and reviewing medical records. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Logistic regression analysis was computed to identify birth complications associated with female genital cutting from independent variables, and significance was declared at p < 0.05 with 95% CI. The proportion of female genital cutting among the participants was 76.8% (95% confidence interval: 71.1, 81.2). Prolonged labor and birth asphyxia were statistically significant female genital cutting-associated birth complications. This study revealed a high proportion of complications associated with female genital cutting. Birth complications such as prolonged labor and birth asphyxia have a statistically significant association with it. Illiteracy and early marriage were the predominant reasons for female genital cutting. Therefore, healthcare providers should educate the rural communities to prevent early marriage and female genital cutting to prevent its complications.

The impact of unsupervised and unconsented switch of inhalers in patients with controlled asthma - A targeted literature review.

Inhaler combination formulations consisting of an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (fluticasone propionate) and a long-acting β2 agonist (salmeterol xinafoate) are indicated as maintenance treatments for patients with asthma and/or for selected patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The emergence of generic equivalents to branded inhalers is expected to offer economic edge/savings; however, some may argue that cost advantages offered by generic inhalers may be offset by worsening outcomes due to improper inhaler use, reduced adherence, and consequently worse disease control. To understand how unsupervised and unconsented switch of dry-powder inhalers and/or metered-dose inhalers affects clinical and humanistic outcomes in asthma, comprehensive searches of Embase and MEDLINE were conducted to identify research articles published in the English language since 2011. Patients with asthma of any age who underwent an unsupervised and unconsented switch from an ICS/long-acting β2 agonist to another (brand-to-generic or brand-to-brand) for non-medical reasons were the target of this research. Relevant outcomes included asthma control, medication adherence, and healthcare resource utilization. In total, 11 studies were identified for review (ten non-interventional and one post hoc); cohorts ranged from 19 to 42,553 patients. Six studies indicated that unsupervised and unconsented inhaler switch had a negative impact on asthma control; six studies indicated reduced medication adherence post-switching; and five studies reporting healthcare resource utilization showed it was unchanged or increased post-switching. Findings from this targeted review support concerns that unsupervised and unconsented inhaler switch has a largely negative impact on asthma-associated outcomes. Additional studies are warranted to further explore unsupervised and unconsented switch in asthma.

Efficacy and Safety of Sulfasalazine Suspension in Children With Ulcerative Colitis.

Sulfasalazine (SZ) is commonly used to treat pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC). SZ can be compounded into a suspension form which is beneficial for children with difficulty swallowing a pill. Despite being utilized for over 40 years, there is a lack of published data on the efficacy and safety of SZ suspension in children with UC. Recently, third-party payors have begun refusing to pay for SZ suspension due to lack of data. In this retrospective study, we reviewed the electronic medical records of patients ages <18 years diagnosed with UC from June 1999 to December 2019 at Boston Children's Hospital and treated with SZ suspension as a first-line agent. We obtained demographics, clinical, and endoscopic data to measure outcomes at 1 year and long term. Of 57 patients treated with SZ suspension, 52 (91%) had a follow-up and 26 of 52 (50%) remained in steroid-free remission at 1 year. Two patients were switched to SZ tablets due to nonmedical reasons and 11 (21%) required rescue treatment (2 infliximab, 1 tacrolimus, 8 6-mercaptopurine/azathioprine) within a year. Three required colectomy within a year and 5 in long term. Four (8%) developed nonserious adverse reactions and switched to 5-aminosalicylates (5-ASA) by 1 year. The median duration of long-term follow-up was 36 months (range, 2-205 months) with 28 requiring treatment escalation in long term. SZ suspension is a safe and effective treatment for UC in children with difficulty swallowing a pill. The 1-year remission rate on this treatment is comparable to 5-ASA utilized in children.

Non-medical reasons affecting cesarean section rate in teaching hospitals in Anbar province, Iraq

Background: Globally, there is an increment in the cesarean section rate. Although the cesarean section is a lifesaving surgery in some cases, it is not safer than vaginal delivery and associated with higher maternal and perinatal complications. Many cesarean sections nowadays are performed for non-medical reasons, and decision-making is affected by social factors and the health standards of the community. Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess the non-medical reasons for cesarean sections. Method: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in two teaching hospitals in Anbar province/Iraq. Women who underwent planned cesarean section at term were included. The inclusion criteria were cephalic fetal presentation, normally sited placenta, and no previous uterine scar. A questionnaire was set regarding the medical causes of planned cesarean section and any non-medical reasons that affect the decision-making. Seniors in obstetrics and gynecology in these hospitals responsible for these women were asked to fill in these questionnaires. Results: Out of 82 women included in the study, 11% were aged 35 years or more and 65.9% were nullipara. About 43.9% of the cesarean sections were performed for a purely medical cause and 34.1% had a medical cause for terminating the pregnancy. Still, decision-making was affected by non-medical reasons, and in 22% of the cases, cesarean sections were done without medical causes. A maternal request for cesarean section was the most common reason for those who underwent cesarean section without a medical cause. Conclusion: Proper maternal counseling about the potential risks of cesarean section and improving health care in the labor room can help in decreasing the cesarean section rate and its associated mortality and morbidity.

Interleukin 6 receptor inhibitors in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis during the COVID-19 pandemic, Moscow experience

Objective: to confirm the efficacy and safety of levilimab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) switched from other interleukin 6 receptor inhibitors (iIL6R) for non-medical reasons.Patients and methods. A retrospective analysis of data from the register of patients with RA who during the COVID-19 pandemic were switched from foreign iIL6Rs to the Russian drug levilimab. Treatment regimens with levilimab in combination with synthetic diseasemodifying antirheumatic drugs (sDMARDs) and/or glucocorticoids (GCs) were used, as well as a monotherapy regimen in case of DMARDs intolerance.Results and discussion. In 150 patients with RA, a successful non-medical switch to levilimab was demonstrated with the preservation and intensification of the clinical effect achieved on previous therapy with iIL6R. After switching to levilimab, the DAS28-CRP index decreased by an average of 0.098 at 3 months and by 0.25 at 6 months (p=0.214 for both time points). There was a decrease in the proportion of patients with elevated levels of CRP, as well as with high RA activity. In a number of patients who showed high efficacy of levilimab, it became possible to reduce the dose or number of DMARDs, as well as cease GCs intake. Good tolerability and a favorable safety profile of levilimab were noted, including in relation to the new coronavirus infection that developed during therapy.Conclusion. Therapy with Russian iIL6R levilimab is effective and safe, including in patients switched from other drugs for non-medical reasons, as well as in relation to the novel coronavirus infection that developed during therapy.

Replacement of Adalimumab Originator to Adalimumab Biosimilar for a Non-Medical Reason in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Real-life Comparison of Adalimumab Biosimilars Currently Available in Italy

Adalimumab (ADA) biosimilars have been included into the therapeutic armamentarium of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, comparative data on the efficacy and safety of the different ADA biosimilars after replacing the ADA originator for a non-medical reason remains scarce. We aimed to compare in a real-life setting the efficacy and safety of four ADA biosimilars SB5, APB501, GP2017, and MSB11022 in IBD patients after replacing the originator for a non-medical reason. A multicenter retrospective study was performed on consecutive IBD patients, analyzing clinical, laboratory, and endoscopic data. The primary endpoints of the study were maintenance of clinical remission and safety of the different biosimilars. 153 patients were enrolled, 26 with UC and 127 with CD. Clinical remission was maintained in 124 out of 153 (81%) patients after a median (IQR) follow-up of 12 (6-24) months, without any significant difference between the four ADA biosimilars. ADA biosimilars dosage was optimized in five patients (3.3%). Loss of remission was significantly higher in UC patients (10/26 patients, 38.5%) than in CD patients (19/127 patients, 14.9%, p<0.025). Adverse events occurred in 12 (7.9%) patients; the large majority were mild. No difference in efficacy and safety was found between ADA biosimilars when used to replace the ADA originator for a non-medical reason. However, in UC patients the replacement of ADA originator for this reason should be carefully assessed.

Decreased expression and DNA hypermethylation of syncytin-1 in human villus tissues with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion

Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) affects approximately 5 % of women of reproductive age worldwide. The etiology and pathogenesis of approximately 50 % of RSA cases currently remain unclear, which known as unexplained RSA (URSA). Syncytin-1, an envelope protein encoded by HERV-W gene, is essential for human embryonic development. The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation between syncytin-1 expression and URSA occurrence. The villi tissues of URSA patients and patients with voluntary termination of pregnancy for non-medical reasons in early pregnancy (Control group) were collected. Compared with the Control group, syncytin-1 was abnormally low expressed in URSA villus tissues, and the HERV-W gene promoter was hypermethylated. Compared with the control group, the global DNA methylation level and the expression level of DNA methylases in the villus tissues of the URSA group had no significant difference. In addition, compared with the Control group, URSA villus tissue showed obviously abnormal apoptosis. Overexpression of syncytin-1 promoted the proliferation of HTR-8 cells and inhibited their apoptosis; while knockdown of syncytin-1 inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. URSA villus tissue exhibited hypermethylation of the HERV-W gene and down-regulation of syncytin-1 expression. Syncytin-1 has the potential to be a predictive and diagnostic biomarker for URSA.

CO47 Medical and Non-Medical Reasons for Discontinuation of Anti-TNF Agents Among Patients With Ulcerative Colitis in Real-World Setting: A Systematic Review

CO47 Medical and Non-Medical Reasons for Discontinuation of Anti-TNF Agents Among Patients With Ulcerative Colitis in Real-World Setting: A Systematic Review

Refusal of transplant organs for non-medical reasons including COVID-19 status.

Transplant centers and physicians in the United States have limited guidance on the information which they can and cannot provide to transplant candidates regarding donors of potential organs. Patients may refuse organs for a variety of reasons ranging from pernicious requests including racism to misinformation about emerging medicine as with the COVID-19 vaccine and infection. Patient autonomy, organ stewardship, and equity are often at odds in these cases, but precedent indeed exists to help address these challenges. This work uses such cases to highlight the urgent need for uniform, national policy prohibiting informational requests unrelated to well-established risks.

Genital Mutilation in India - An Evil Practice

Female Genital Mutilation commonly known as FGM/C has in recent times been an eye opener for the Ministry of Women and Child Development and set the system in motion. FGM/C is practised mostly by the Dawoodi Bohra community with one million members in India. khatna, khafz, and khafd, the procedure is performed on six- or seven-year-old girls and involves the total or partial removal of the clitoral hood. Female genital mutilation/ cutting (FGM/C) involves the partial or total removal of external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons, and said practice has no health benefits for girls as well as for women.

Effect of Intratrigonal Botulinum Toxin in Patients with Bladder Pain Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis: A Long-Term, Single-Center Study in Real-Life Conditions.

The high percentage of treatment failures seen in patients with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) managed conservatively frequently demands invasive treatment options. We aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and adverse events of intratrigonal botulinum toxin injection in such circumstances, as well as to determine possible predictors of response to toxin treatment. A retrospective cohort study included 47 female BPS/IC patients treated with onabotulinum toxin A (OnabotA) in a tertiary hospital between the years 2009 and 2022. All patients received 100 U of OnabotA in ten injections limited to the trigonal area. Patients were divided into three groups based on their treatment response as responders, non-responders and lost to follow-up due to non-medical reasons. The clinical and surgical records of the individuals were retrieved, including the 10-point visual analogue scale (VAS), the number of treatments, the time between injections, and the age at the first injection. A total of 25 patients (>50% of the cohort) were long-term responders, but none of the evaluated parameters was a predictor for this circumstance: age, pain intensity, or duration of improvement following the injection. The time between injections was stable (around 1 year). No severe adverse events were registered. The intratrigonal injection of botulinum toxin in patients with BPS/IC was an effective and safe long-term treatment for patients' refractory to conservative forms of treatment. Age, basal pain intensity, and time to injection request did not predict long-term response to OnaBotA.

Multisectoral approach to address Female Genital Mutilation: a case study from Portugal

Abstract Issue Female genital mutilation (FGM) comprises all procedures that injury female genital organs for non-medical reasons, with several health impacts. Due to global migration, FGM has been increasingly recognised as a healthcare issue in Europe, affecting nearly 1 million women. In Portugal it is estimated that 5483 migrant women have undergone FGM in the Lisbon region. Intervention is required to tackle this issue. Description Portugal launched the “Healthy Practices: End of FGM”, a multiagency project targeting Lisbon and Tagus Valley region. Project implementation started in Nov 2018 at 5 local public health units (PHU) and was scaled-up to 5 more in Feb 2020. Project comprises 3 main axes: 1) inclusion in public policy instruments; 2) professionals’ education and awareness; and 3) community intervention. We describe inclusion of FGM in public policy, professionals training and changes in FGM recording before and after intervention. Results Between 2018-2022, inclusion of FGM in municipalities’ migration policies doubled. Between 2019-2021, 110 training sessions (n = 1722 professionals) were promoted. During pandemic years, only 344 (2020) and 202 (2021) were trained. Raising awareness and empowerment to risk communities happened mainly through local/online open sessions, workshops, flyer distribution, video projections. These occurred in all 10 PHU, mostly through partnerships with Non-Governmental Organizations and municipalities. According to the Portuguese Health Records, until 2018 there were only 300 women registered with FGM. Between 2019-2021, 363 more were added. Lessons The multisectoral approach allowed PHU professionals to collaborate directly with external organizations from different society sectors. COVID-19 pandemic posed a challenge to implementation, especially in the community intervention axis. Notification numbers increased after interventions, though causality could not be established and impact evaluation is yet to be performed. Key messages • Multisectoral projects for FGM intervention have specific implementation challenges, including how to justify and evaluate them, that must be considered in each setting. • Training health professionals might increase identification and notification of FGM, but the impact in preventing FGM in the Portuguese reality is still largely unknown.

Key Factors, Drivers and Gatekeepers of Female Genital Mutilation in Ethiopia: A Meta-synthesis of National and Regional Studies

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is a harmful practice that consists of all procedures involving partial or total removal of the female external genitalia or other injuries to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. This meta-synthesis aimed to identify and describe key factors, drivers, and gatekeepers of FGM practices in Ethiopia and was conducted using systematic searches in electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar) and grey literature published from 2012 to 2021. The main factors and drivers of FGM practices were cultural and traditional practices including marriageability and religious obligations. Other drivers were poor enforcement of laws against the practice including medicalization of FGM practice. The key gatekeepers included traditional birth attendants who were also mostly female circumcisers; mothers, grandmothers, and older women who were reported as major promoters, circumcisers, and key decision makers on the practice. Religious leaders and health workers also played pivotal role in the prevention of FGM as trusted source of information dissemination. It is therefore important that Programme and policy strategies to eliminate the practice are tailored to the local context, not only addressing these factors and drivers but involving the gatekeepers.

Oral Mercaptopurine Adherence in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Survey Study From the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Consortium.

Background: Oral chemotherapy nonadherence is a challenge in clinical oncology. During therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), poor adherence to 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) increases relapse risk. Clinically significant nonadherence is reported in 30% of children treated for ALL on Children's Oncology Group (COG) trials. Whether nonadherence rates vary across regimens with different treatment schedules and modes of administration is unknown. Methods: We conducted an exploratory, cross-sectional survey study on parents of children (1-18 years) receiving continuation therapy on, or as per Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) ALL Consortium Protocol 11-001. Treatment required weekly visits to the clinic and 14 days of oral 6MP every 3 weeks. Survey assessed self-reported sociodemographics, medication-taking, chemotherapy comprehension, and 6MP adherence; adherence survey items were developed from published surveys. Patients were grouped as nonadherent if they endorsed missing one 6MP dose during the last cycle, or more than one dose during prior cycles, for nonmedical reasons. Results: Sixty-two families completed the surveys, all of whom had evaluable adherence data. In total, 25% of patients met the study definition of nonadherence. Twenty-three percent reported that it was "not easy" to follow administration guidelines around the dairy intake and 57% requested more teaching and educational resources. Conclusion: Self-reported nonadherence to oral 6MP in the DFCI ALL Consortium is high, with rates similar to those observed in the COG. This suggests that the additional contact during weekly infusions on the DFCI is insufficient to address barriers affecting oral chemotherapy adherence.

Violence against women in Israel: injury mechanisms and clinical outcomes following hospitalization.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative contributions of different mechanisms of assault to injury and mortality in women in Israel. We identified females hospitalized between 2011 and 2020 following an assault, secondary to blunt, stabbing, or shooting mechanisms of injury, in the Israeli Program for Registration of Trauma Patients (National Trauma Registry). To avoid bias due to temporary hospitalizations for non-medical reasons, we included patients with injuries graded as Abbreviated Injury Scale ≥ 2. Females accounted for 8.1% (926/11,486) of assault patients in the study population. Compared to males, females were older (40.7 vs. 31.0years; p < 0.001), more commonly injured by the blunt trauma mechanism (72.1 vs. 48.6%; p < 0.001), and more commonly injured at a place of residence (50.9 vs. 8.2%; p < 0.001). There were no differences in the number of body areas injured, severe Injury Severity Score, and median hospitalization. Males were operated more commonly (44.6 vs. 40.0%; p = 0.008). Mortality in females and males was similar (2.8 vs. 2.3%; p = 0.43). Secondary analysis revealed that blunt injuries were responsible for 61.2% of the severe cases (ISS ≥ 16), 61.4% of the operations, 54.9% of the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admissions, and 53.8% of the mortality observed in females. When compared to males injured by blunt trauma, females injured by this mechanism were older (43.0 ± 24.7 vs. 32.8 ± 16.1years; p < 0.001) and had higher mortality (2.1 vs. 0.9%; p = 0.007). Assault by mechanisms other than stabbing and shooting should be recognized as a source of severe morbidity and mortality in females.