Nonlinear Surface Polaritons Research Articles

Nonlinear Surface Polaritons near the Interface between a Magneto-Optical Substance and a Nonlinear Metamaterial with a Permittivity Close to Zero

Relevance. Considerable attention of researchers is drawn to nonlinear surface optical waves, as they are promising for application in optical information processing systems, ultra-sensitive sensors, and modern telecommunications components. Purpose. To obtain an exact solution of the Maxwell equation system for TM-polarised nonlinear surface polaritons propagating along the interface between an optically linear magnetic medium and an optically nonlinear medium with saturated nonlinearity. Methods. Analysis of the properties of nonlinear surface polaritons (NSP) and mathematical modelling of the dependence of the permittivity of a nonlinear medium on the intensity are used. Results. TM-polarised nanoparticles propagating along the interface of a magneto-optical medium and a nonlinear optical metamaterial with a permittivity close to zero (ENZ-metamaterial) are studied. For NSP in such a structure, an exact solution of the Maxwell equation system is obtained, considering the saturation effect of optical nonlinearity. On this basis, the dependences of constant propagation on the total energy flux of NSP and energy fluxes in contact media in the structure were investigated: magneto-optical ENZ-metamaterial with negative permittivity/nonlinear self-focusing ENZ-metamaterial. Conclusions. The NSP energy flow is positive in a nonlinear medium and negative in a linear one. As the saturation level decreases, the NSP energy fluxes in the contacting media increase modulo, if the value of the NSP propagation constant (NSPPC) is fixed. The lowest NSPPC value for guiding nonlinearity is obtained when the total energy flow of the NSP becomes zero. As the saturation level decreases, the NSP propagation variable (NSPPV) increases. At a fixed NSPPC, with a decrease in the magnetic permeability, the energy fluxes of NSP in the contacting media increase. When the magnetic permeability decreases to zero and the NSP energy flux is positive, the NSPPV change range narrows

Surface-polaritonic phase singularities and multimode polaritonic frequency combs via dark rogue-wave excitation in hybrid plasmonic waveguide

Material characteristics and input-field specifics limit controllability of nonlinear electromagnetic-field interactions. As these nonlinear interactions could be exploited to create strongly localized bright and dark waves, such as nonlinear surface polaritons, ameliorating this limitation is important. We present our approach to amelioration, which is based on a surface-polaritonic waveguide reconfiguration that enables excitation, propagation and coherent control of coupled dark rogue waves having orthogonal polarizations. Our control mechanism is achieved by finely tuning laser-field intensities and their respective detuning at the interface between the atomic medium and the metamaterial layer. In particular, we utilize controllable electromagnetically induced transparency windows commensurate with surface-polaritonic polarization-modulation instability to create symmetric and asymmetric polaritonic frequency combs associated with dark localized waves. Our method takes advantage of an atomic self-defocusing nonlinearity and dark rogue-wave propagation to obtain a sufficient condition for generating phase singularities. Underpinning this method is our theory which incorporates dissipation and dispersion due to the atomic medium being coupled to nonlinear surface-polaritonic waves. Consequently, our waveguide configuration acts as a bimodal polaritonic frequency-comb generator and high-speed phase rotator, thereby opening prospects for phase singularities in nanophotonic and quantum communication devices.

Above-light-line Nonlinear Surface Polaritons near a Conductive Interface: Threshold Case

We investigate the TM-polarized nonlinear surface polaritons (NLSP) propagating along aguided structure consisting of a magnetic optically linear medium and a non-magnetic opticallynonlinear medium with saturable permittivity separated by a flat conductive layer of zerothickness. We consider those values of hosting media bulk material parameters for which theNLSP existence (for zero sheet conductance) has threshold character with respect to the wavesintensity. Based on the exact solution of Maxwell's equations we show that the energy andpropagation properties of the NLSP near the above-light-line condition (1 > n > 0) dependconsiderably on the surface conductivity of the layer, even the threshold character of the NLSPcan be lost; for certain sheet conductance values these waves can exist in a linear limit. TheNLSP propagation constant is defined by both the surface conductivity and field intensity andcan be varied in a wide diapason, which gives an opportunity to obtain and control the importantfor quantum information processing 0 n  condition. For a chosen value of the NLSPpropagation constant the NLSP field intensity and energy flux decries when the surfaceconductivity grows; saturation of the nonlinear permittivity leads to an increase of the NLSPenergy flux compared with Kerr-like nonlinearity.

Near-zero-index nonlinear surface polaritons controlled by the surface conductivity of graphene

ABSTRACTWe study transverse magnetic polarized nonlinear surface polaritons (NLSP) propagating along the interface (a conductive layer of zero thickness) of a magnetic optically linear medium and a magnetic optically nonlinear medium with saturable permittivity. We obtained the exact solution of Maxwell’s equations for the NLSP and on this base investigated the dependences of the NLSP propagation constant on the NLSP energy flux and on the value of the dielectric permittivity at the surface of the nonlinear medium for different values of sheet conductance. The important for quantum information processing near-zero-index condition can be achieved if the products of permeability and permittivity of each medium are both negative. For both Kerr-like and saturable nonlinearities, the NLSP propagation constant trace for zero-conductivity splits into two traces for non-zero conductivity. Near the condition, the NLSP propagation constant is highly sensitive to the NLSP intensity as well as to the sheet conductance value.

Lossless Airy Surface Polaritons in a Metamaterial via Active Raman Gain.

We propose a scheme to realize a lossless propagation of linear and nonlinear Airy surface polaritons (SPs) via active Raman gain (ARG). The system we suggest is a planar interface superposed by a negative index metamaterial (NIMM) and a dielectric, where three-level quantum emitters are doped. By using the ARG from the quantum emitters and the destructive interference effect between the electric and magnetic responses from the NIMM, we show that not only the Ohmic loss of the NIMM but also the light absorption of the quantum emitters can be completely eliminated. As a result, non-diffractive Airy SPs may propagate for very long distance without attenuation. We also show that the Kerr nonlinearity of the system can be largely enhanced due to the introduction of the quantum emitters and hence lossless Airy surface polaritonic solitons with very low power can be generated in the system.

Above-light-line nonlinear surface polaritons near the surface of an epsilon-near-zero metamaterial

We study p-polarized nonlinear surface polaritons (NLSP) propagating along the interface of an epsilon-near-zero metamaterial with saturable nonlinearity and an optically linear medium. On the base of the exact solution of Maxwell’s equations, the above-light-line NLSP propagation and energy properties were investigated. Distributions of the NLSP magnetic and electric fields were studied. The results have been compared with the same for Kerr-like nonlinearity.

P-polarized nonlinear surface polaritons near the surface of an epsilon-near-zero metamaterial with saturable permittivity

We study p-polarized nonlinear surface polaritons (NLSP) propagating along the interface of an epsilon-near-zero metamaterial with saturable nonlinearity, very small negative linear permittivity and an optically linear medium. On the basis of the exact solution of Maxwell's equations, we investigate the relationship between the NLSP propagation constant and the NLSP energy flux for self-focusing and self-defocusing cases. In both cases, for the chosen value of propagation constant, calculations due to Kerr model lead to the lowest NLSP energy flux compared with the energy flux for metamaterial with saturable permittivity.

Surface polaritons in a negative-index metamaterial with active Raman gain

We propose a scheme to realize stable propagation of linear and nonlinear surface polaritons (SPs) by placing a $N\ensuremath{-}\text{type}$ four-level quantum emitters at the interface between a dielectric and a negative-index metamaterial (NIMM). We show that in linear propagation regime SPs can acquire an active Raman gain (ARG) from a pump field and a gain doublet appears in the gain spectrum of a signal field induced by the quantum interference effect from a control field. The ARG can be used not only to completely compensate the Ohmic loss in the NIMM but also to acquire a superluminal group velocity for the SPs. We also show that in the nonlinear propagation regime a huge enhancement of the Kerr nonlinearity of the SPs can be obtained. As a result, ARG-assisted $(1 + 1)\ensuremath{-}$ and $(2 + 1)\ensuremath{-}$ dimensional superluminal surface polaritonic solitons with extremely low generation power may be produced based on the strong confinement of the electric field at the dielectric-NIMM interface.

Superluminal surface polaritonic solitons at weak light level via coherent population oscillation

We investigate the possibility of generating nonlinear surface polaritons at the interface between a negative-index metamaterial and a dielectric doped with two-level quantum emitters by means of coherent population oscillation (CPO) working at room temperature. Based on the CPO and the strong confinement of the optical field near the interface, we find that the system can possess a giant Kerr nonlinearity. We demonstrate that it is possible to obtain a type of surface polaritonic solitons which is not only robust during propagation but also has ultraweak generation power and superluminal propagating velocity.

Nonlinear TE-polarized surface polaritons on graphene

We analyze the propagation of electromagnetic waves along the surface of a nonlinear dielectric medium covered by a graphene layer. We reveal that this system can support and stabilize nonlinear transverse electric (TE) plasmon polaritons. We demonstrate that these nonlinear TE modes have a subwavelength localization in the direction perpendicular to the surface, with the intensity much higher than that of an incident wave which excites the polariton.

Nonlinear surface polaritons in indefinite media

We make a theoretical investigation of nonlinear surface polaritons localized at a single interface separating a nonlinear conventional dielectric medium and a linear indefinite medium. The propagation properties of such nonlinear surface polaritons are demonstrated in several distinct frequency intervals. The surface effect of optical beams suffers different dynamics from the propagation (transmission) effect in indefinite media. The existence conditions, frequency thresholds, group velocity, and the power fluxes of the nonlinear surface polaritons are also discussed in detail.

Nonlinear surface polaritons in anisotropic Kerr-type metamaterials

We study p-polarized nonlinear surface polaritons (NLSPs) localized at the interface between an anisotropic Kerr-type metamaterial and a conventional, linear isotropic material. We generalize the conservation law governing the electric field components of a p-polarized wave travelling in conventional media to the anisotropic Kerr-type metamaterials. Based on the law, the exact dispersion relation for the NLSPs has been derived that can reproduce all the earlier results on the p-polarized surface polaritons under corresponding conditions. The effects of the electric field at the interface and nonlinearity on the properties of the NLSPs have been discussed for five distinct frequency intervals. The result suggests that the group velocities of the NLSPs can be switched between positive and negative values by changing the electric field at the interface, nonlinearity and frequency, which might be used in group-velocity engineering. We also discuss the propagating directions of the phase, energy and group velocities.

The Spectrum of Nonlinear Surface Polaritons in Semimagnetic Semiconductors in an External Static Magnetic Field

The Spectrum of Nonlinear Surface Polaritons in Semimagnetic Semiconductors in an External Static Magnetic Field

Nonlinear surface polaritons in 2D electron system in high magnetic field

The paper deals with the theoretical investigation of nonlinear surface polaritons (NSP) in isolated two-dimensional electron system (2DES) arranged at the interface between linear and nonlinear media and placed into the external quantizing magnetic field directed perpendicularly to 2DES. We consider that nonlinear medium dielectric permeability depends upon the tangential component of electric field only. It is shown that under the integer quantum Hall effect conditions all NSP characteristics are represented by the quantized values. It is found that the NSP spectrum contains two NSP modes - high-frequency and low-frequency ones. It is shown that the NSP can exist only in the case where the value of tangential component of electric field at the interface is less than a certain critical value. It is found that the resonant interaction between the NSP high-frequency mode and surface polariton mode occurs in the vicinity of the cyclotron resonance subharmonic.

Nonlinear surface polaritons in semimagnetic semiconductor

The paper develops the theory of s-polarized nonlinear surface polaritons in the semimagnetic semiconductor placed in the external static magnetic field. A model of a uniaxial nonlinear medium for the semimagnetic semiconductor is considered. Rigorous criteria of existence of different new types of nonlinear surface polaritons are formulated. It is shown that the new polaritons may exhibit monotonic and nonmonotonic fall of the field in a nonlinear medium. We suggest the method of estimation of the antiferromagnetic resonance frequency in the semimagnetic semiconductors due to the nonlinear surface polariton excitation by the attenuated total reflection method.

Nonlinear Surface Polaritons in a Two-Dimensional Electron System Placed Into a Quantizing Magnetic Field*

Nonlinear Surface Polaritons in a Two-Dimensional Electron System Placed Into a Quantizing Magnetic Field*

Nonlinear Surface Polaritons in a Two-Dimension Electron System Placed in an External Quantizing Magnetic Field

Nonlinear Surface Polaritons in a Two-Dimension Electron System Placed in an External Quantizing Magnetic Field

Self-localized nonlinear surface magnetic polaritons in a ferromagnetic medium

The properties of electromagnetic waves propagating in a semibounded, nonlinear, ferromagnetic medium are investigated. It is shown that under certain conditions the interaction between the spin and electromagnetic waves results in the localization of volume polaritons near the surface. Self-localization of surface polaritons due to the nonlinear properties of the medium occurs thereby. The nonlinear Schrodinger equation for nonlinear surface and volume polaritons is derived, and the conditions under which solitons of these waves exist are determined. The wave intensity required to observe the predicted effects is estimated.

P-Polarized nonlinear surface polaritons near the surface of a saturable self-defocusing medium

We have investigated the properties of p-polarized nonlinear surface polaritons (NLSP) near the interface of two media, one of which is optically linear and the other having an optical nonlinearity with saturation and a dielectric function of the form ϵ=ϵ xx=ϵ zz=ϵ 0+a| E| 2/( 1+b| E| 2) , where E is the amplitude of the electric field, for the case ϵ 00, a<0, b⩾0; ϵ 1<0 (ϵ 1 is the dielectric function of the linear medium); | ϵ 1| ϵ 0.

Nonlinear S-type surface polaritons in the presence of surface conductivity

Nonlinear S-type surface polaritons in the presence of surface conductivity