The concept of dual impedance on a vector space is introduced. First, a necessary condition is established for an impedance to exist under the linear mapping. Then, it is shown that a given matrix is an impedance if and only if it is a unique solution of a non-linear matrix differential equation. Finally, necessary and sufficient conditions are established for a lossless system. The last result is closely related to that obtained by Redheffer for scattering processes. An example, the non-uniform transmission-line problem is discussed. The general results can be applied to a multi-port system with anisotropic coefficients.
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