Nonionic Surfactant Molecules Research Articles

Development of Liposomal and Liquid Crystalline Lipidic Nanoparticles with Non-Ionic Surfactants for Quercetin Incorporation.

The aim of the present study is the development, physicochemical characterization, and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of both empty and quercetin-loaded HSPC (hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine) liposomes, GMO (glyceryl monooleate) liquid crystalline nanoparticles, and PHYT (phytantriol) liquid crystalline nanoparticles. Specifically, HSPC phospholipids were mixed with different non-ionic surfactant molecules (Tween 80 and/or Span 80) for liposomal formulations, whereas both GMO and PHYT lipids were mixed with Span 80 and Tween 80 as alternative stabilizers, as well as with Poloxamer P407 in different ratios for liquid crystalline formulations. Subsequently, their physicochemical properties, such as size, size distribution, and ζ-potential were assessed by the dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering (DLS/ELS) techniques in both aqueous and biological medium with serum proteins. The in vitro biological evaluation of the empty nanosystems was performed by using the MTT cell viability and proliferation assay. Finally, the entrapment efficiency of quercetin was calculated and the differences between the two different categories of lipidic nanoparticles were highlighted. According to the results, the incorporation of the non-ionic surfactants yields a successful stabilization and physicochemical stability of both liposomal and liquid crystalline nanoparticles. Moreover, in combination with an appropriate biosafety in vitro profile, increased encapsulation efficiency of quercetin was achieved. Overall, the addition of surfactants improved the nanosystem's stealth properties. In conclusion, the results indicate that the physicochemical properties were strictly affected by the formulation parameters, such as the type of surfactant.

Adsorption of poly(oxyethylene) and hydroxyl group-containing nonionic surfactants on silica particles in NH4OH solution and its effect on the interaction force with Si surface

In the semiconductor manufacturing processes, surface cleaning is one of the most critical steps because particle contamination directly affects device yield. In addition, surface etching and oxidation should be minimized during the particle removal process. In this study, the dissolved oxygen concentration (DOC) in an NH4OH solution was reduced to suppress oxidation of Si. Additionally, nonionic surfactants were added to the solution to suppress the Si surface roughening and improve the particle removal efficiency in the NH4OH solution. Nonionic surfactant molecules were adsorbed on the Si surface, preventing the Si surface from attack by OH-. In addition, they were also adsorbed on the silica particle surfaces, producing repulsive hydration and osmotic forces between the adsorbed surfaces of the Si and silica particles while reducing the adhesion force between them. As a result, more than 95 % of particle removal efficiency and less than 0.6 nm of surface roughness were obtained when the particle-contaminated Si surface was treated with a low-DOC NH4OH solution containing a nonionic surfactant.

Study on the adsorption of cement particles on surfactant and its effect on the characteristics of inorganic curing foam for prevention of coal spontaneous combustion in a goaf

In this paper, the adsorption pattern of cement particles to different surfactants was investigated by Zeta potential method, and the adsorption amounts of cement particles on different surfactants were analyzed by Fourier Infrared Spectrometer. Additionally, the expansion ratio, compressive strength, stacking capabilities, and capacity to avert coal spontaneous combustion of inorganic curing foam (ICF) manufactured by various surfactants were tested to analyze the effects of various adsorption behaviors on the performance of ICF. The findings demonstrated that different surfactants affected cement particle Zeta potential in various ways, which was connected to the mode of adsorption of cement particles to various surfactants. After the addition of surfactant, alterations in the zeta potential of the cement particles led to changes in the zero-shear viscosity of the fresh cement slurry. Furthermore, compared to zwitterionic, nonionic, and cationic surfactant molecules, anionic surfactant molecules were absorbed by cement particles in the greatest amounts. The peak areas of CH2/CH3 of the two anionic surfactants in the IR spectra were 19.5 L/g and 9.82 L/g, respectively, while the peak areas of CH2/CH3 of the other surfactants were below 4 L/g. According to the study on the characteristics of ICF, ICF made using a surfactant that had a lot of adsorption had higher compressive strength, a lower expansion ratio, and worse stacking characteristics. The ICF made with various surfactants all had a cooling effect on the coal fire, and after covering the coal, the temperature of the coal was quickly lowered from 300℃ to 100℃. Meanwhile, the surface temperature of ICF prepared with different surfactants was recorded when extinguishing coal fire, and it was found that the thermal insulation property of ICF was better due to the higher expansion ratio of ICF. The purpose of the study in this paper is to provide a new process for the preparation of ICF to prevent coal spontaneous combustion in a goaf and a theoretical guide for the screening of ICF-blowing agents.

Current Advances in Specialised Niosomal Drug Delivery: Manufacture, Characterization and Drug Delivery Applications.

Development of nanomaterials for drug delivery has received considerable attention due to their potential for achieving on-target delivery to the diseased area while the surrounding healthy tissue is spared. Safe and efficiently delivered payloads have always been a challenge in pharmaceutics. Niosomes are self-assembled vesicular nanocarriers formed by hydration of a non-ionic surfactant, cholesterol or other molecules that combine to form a versatile drug delivery system with a variety of applications ranging from topical delivery to targeted delivery. Niosomes have advantages similar to those of liposomes with regards to their ability to incorporate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic payloads. Moreover, niosomes have simple manufacturing methods, low production cost and exhibit extended stability, consequently overcoming the major drawbacks associated with liposomes. This review provides a comprehensive summary of niosomal research to date, including the types of niosomes and critical material attributes (CMA) and critical process parameters (CPP) of niosomes and their effects on the critical quality attributes (CQA) of the technology. Furthermore, physical characterisation techniques of niosomes are provided. The review then highlights recent applications of specialised niosomes in drug delivery. Finally, limitations and prospects for this technology are discussed.

Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysis with Chiral Encoded Mesoporous Pt-Ir Films Supported on Ni Foam.

The development of heterogeneous catalysts for asymmetric synthesis is one of the most challenging topics in chemistry, as it allows obtaining enantiomerically pure compounds. Recently, metal layers incorporating molecular chiral cavities, obtained by electroreduction of a metal source in the simultaneous presence of a non-ionic surfactant and asymmetric molecules, have been proposed for a wide range of applications, including enantioselective electroanalysis and electrosynthesis, as well as chiral separation. In contrast to this previous work, solely based on electrochemical phenomena, herein we designed and employed nanostructured chiral encoded Pt-Ir alloys, supported on high surface area nickel foams, as heterogeneous catalysts for the asymmetric hydrogenation of aromatic ketones. Fine-tuning the experimental conditions allows achieving very high enantioselectivity (>80%), combined with improved catalyst stability.

Molecular investigation on the desorption process of alkane contaminant from fused silica surface in nonionic surfactant solution

In this article, the molecular level investigation on the detachment process of the alkane contaminant from the fused silica surface in nonionic surfactant solution is performed by using molecular dynamics simulation. Three important cleaning parameters including surfactant molecule structure, temperature and surfactant concentration are discussed. We found that the hydrophilic tail of the nonionic surfactant molecule plays a leading role in the desorption process of the oil droplet. The activated chemical activity in surfactant solution with the increasing temperature of solution facilitates the desorption of alkane contaminant. The critical surfactant concentration is vital for cleaning in a real situation. High surfactant concentration can facilitate the desorption of oil droplet in a static solution. The efficiency of water flooding decrease, when the concentration of surfactant is high. Our study can help to understand the cleaning mechanism in surfactant solution and is important for its application in industrial cleaning.

ADSORPTION BEHAVIOUR OF IONIC AND NON-IONIC SURFACTANTS ONTO TALC A NATURALLY HYDROPHOBIC MINERAL-A COMPARATIVE STUDY

In present study, the adsorption behaviour of surfactants which are cationic (hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, HTAB), anionic (sodium dodecyl sulphate, SDS) and non-ionic (Triton X-100, TX-100) onto naturally hydrophobic talc were investigated. In this scope, a series of batch adsorption tests at natural pH were performed to determine adsorption isotherms and zeta potential (ZP) measurements of the ionic and non-ionic surfactants onto talc surfaces were measured using electrophoresis technique. To understand the mechanism of the adsorption process, the adsorption of ionic and non-ionic surfactants was studied as a function equilibrium concentration (mol/L). The amount of maximum adsorption of the surfactants onto talc are ordered as in the following: TX-100 (9.0x10-5 mol/m2)>HTAB (8.5x10-5 mol/m2) > SDS (5.32x10-5 mol/m2). Even though both the SDS and talc have negative surface charge, SDS can adsorb onto talc. Moreover, a good correlation was seen between the adsorption isotherms and the zeta potential curves. Considering their adsorption isotherms, the ionic surfactants were showed different adsorption behaviour concerning the non-ionic surfactant molecules. The adsorption isotherms of TX-100 and SDS increase rapidly in a narrow concentration range until the plateau region, while such a sharp increase does not appear for HTAB. The maximum adsorption amount of TX-100 and HTAB is greater than SDS. The results indicate that hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding play a decisive role on the adsorption of non-ionic and anionic surfactants onto talc a naturally hydrophobic mineral, whereas electrostatic interaction becomes more important in the adsorption of cationic surfactant.

Regulating Droplet Dynamic Wetting Behaviors Using Surfactant Additives on High‐Temperature Surfaces

AbstractImpacting the behavior of surfactant droplets impinging upon a heated surface is an intriguing research topic, and is important in spraying cooling processes. Surfactant additives significantly increase nucleate boiling heat transfer by promoting vapor bubble nucleation and foaming. However, it is still not exactly clear how surfactants influence the droplet dynamic behaviors at the heated interfaces, nor is the relationship between the droplet dynamic behaviors and heat transfer performance. Here, three familiar surfactant molecules, i.e., anionic surfactant molecule sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cationic surfactant molecule hexadecylcetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and nonionic surfactant molecule poly(ethylene glycol) 1000 (PEG‐1000), are chosen to investigate the dynamic behaviors of the water droplets with surfactant additives on the heated smooth surface with different chemical components. At low temperatures, surfactant‐enhanced spreading of droplets on the hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces is achieved due to the surfactant adsorption. At high temperature, bubble jet and bubble explosion processes on the hydrophilic surfaces can generate plenty of bubbles, the bubbles flee away the heated surface and the heat transfer efficiency greatly is improved. SDS and CTAB significantly reduce the Leidenfrost point (LFP) on the hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. PEG‐1000 increases the LFP, which is little affected by variation of concentration.

Corrosion inhibition of aluminum in 1.0M HCl solution by some nonionic surfactant compounds containing five membered heterocyclic moiety

Abstract Three nonionic surfactant (NIS) compounds containing five membered heterocyclic moiety were synthesized and identified from spectral data such as IR and 1HNMR spectra. The inhibiting effect of NIS compounds toward the corrosion of aluminium (Al) in 1.0MHCl solutions was examined using weight loss, thermometric, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic polarization techniques. The results obtained indicated that the three compounds are good corrosion inhibitors. The inhibition efficiency increases as the concentration of the NIS compounds increases, as well as the decrease in temperature, surface tension and interfacial tension. The polarization measurement showed that these inhibitors are acting as mixed inhibitors mainly cathodic. The inhibition was interpreted in view of spontaneous adsorption of NIS compounds onto the Al surface by forming a stable chelating ring between the Al surface and NIS molecules. The adsorption mechanism obeys Freundlich isotherm. The activated thermodynamic parameters such Ea, ΔH* and ΔS*were calculated and clarified.

Dynamics at the non-ionic micelle/water interface: Impact of linkage substitution.

The impact of atom substitution on the glycoside linkage bridging the head and the tail parts in a nonionic surfactant molecule on aqueous dynamics of the resultant micellar solutions has been explored, employing time-resolved fluorescence and dielectric relaxation (DR) measurements. We have utilized n-octyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (OG) and n-octyl-β-D-thioglucopyranoside (OTG) as nonionic surfactants where the oxygen atom in the glucopyranoside unit is substituted by a sulfur atom. The substitution impact is immediately reflected in the dynamic light scattering measurements of aqueous solutions where the estimated size of the OTG micelles is found to be approximately four times larger than the OG micelles. Steady state spectral features obtained by using a fluorescent probe solute, coumarin 153 (C153), in these micellar solutions are quite similar and indicate locations of the solute at the micelle/water interface for both the surfactants. Interestingly, significant differences in the rotational and solvation dynamics of C153 in these two micellar solutions have been registered. The corresponding DR measurements do not indicate any signature of relaxation typical of bound water. The absence of bound water is further supported by the differential scanning calorimetric measurements. However, the typical slow solvation time scale for aqueous micellar solutions has been observed for these surfactants. Fluctuations in the solute-interface interaction energy due to the solute motion has been argued to be the origin for this slow solvation component as DR measurements do not indicate the presence of qualitatively similar relaxation time scale in the medium.

ANALYSIS OF INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS IN MIXED ADSORPTION LAYERS OF SURFACTANTS

The adsorption of the surfactants mixtures of different chemical nature such as Triton X-100 and sodium hexadecyl sulfate at the surface of graphitized carbon black was studied. Using the model of phase separation (the Rubi–Rosen approach), the composition of the mixed adsorption layers and parameters of interaction between the surfactant molecules in the adsorption layers were calculated. It was found that mixed adsorption layers are enriched with molecules of the non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100.
 The purpose of the work was to study the adsorption of binary mixtures of surfactants of various chemical nature on the surface of non-porous hydrophobic carbon sorbent at different SAS ratio in mixtures.
 The results of calculations show that the composition of the adsorption layer on the surface of the GC is significantly different from the ratio of surfactants in the solution. The value of the parameter χ indicates that the mixed adsorption layer on the surface of the GC is enriched with non-ionic surfactant molecules, even with a small its content in the solution (αTХ-100 = 0,2). With an increase in the ТХ-100 molar fraction in the binary solution from 0,2 to 0,8 its share in the adsorption layer increases in approximately 1.5 times. Negative values of the interaction parameters βs indicate excessive attraction of the molecules and ions of the mixture components in the mixed adsorption layers. An increase in the absolute value of the parameter βs with an increase in αTХ-100 in the solution characterizes the enhancement of the interactions between the components in the adsorption layer.
 Thus, in the course of experiments carried out for mixed systems of SHDS-ТХ-100, the existence of a synergistic effect in relation to an increase in the adsorption of surfactants on the GC surface was established. It is found that mixed adsorption layers are enriched with molecules of the non-ionic surface active substance of the triton X-100.

Molecular dynamics simulations of nonionic surfactant adsorbed on subbituminous coal model surface based on XPS analysis

ABSTRACTA molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was conducted to study the adsorption behaviour of a nonionic surfactant adsorbed on low-rank coal. Owing to the complicated chemical component and structure of the coal surface, a modified graphite surface with hydroxyl, carboxyl, and carbonyl groups was utilised for a representation of the subbituminous coal surface model. The compositions of the hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxyl groups on the coal surface were found to be at a proportion of 25:3:5 according to the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results. The interaction of nonylphenol ethoxylate with 8 ethylene oxide groups (NPEO-8) using this coal model in an aqueous phase was then simulated. It was revealed that the nonionic surfactant molecules were adsorbed at the interface between water and coal. This agminated structure of the surfactant molecules on the surface of the coal demonstrated an attachment of the surfactant ethoxylate groups to these solid surfaces and an extension of the remaining hydrophobic portions into the solution. Therefore, a coal surface with greater hydrophobicity was created. The dynamic properties of the water molecules characterised through self-diffusion coefficients indicate greater water mobility resulting from the existence of NPEO-8.

Cationic Niosomes as Non-Viral Vehicles for Nucleic Acids: Challenges and Opportunities in Gene Delivery.

Cationic niosomes have become important non-viral vehicles for transporting a good number of small drug molecules and macromolecules. Growing interest shown by these colloidal nanoparticles in therapy is determined by their structural similarities to liposomes. Cationic niosomes are usually obtained from the self-assembly of non-ionic surfactant molecules. This process can be governed not only by the nature of such surfactants but also by others factors like the presence of additives, formulation preparation and properties of the encapsulated hydrophobic or hydrophilic molecules. This review is aimed at providing recent information for using cationic niosomes for gene delivery purposes with particular emphasis on improving the transportation of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), small interference RNAs (siRNAs), aptamers and plasmids (pDNA).

Вплив рН і йонної сили розчину на колоїдно-хімічні властивості бінарних сумішей поверхнево-активних речовин

Досліджено вплив рН і йонної сили розчину на міцелоутворення і адсорбцію бінарних сумішей гексадецилпіридиній броміду (ГДПБ) і тритону Х-100 (ТХ-100.).З використанням моделі фазового поділу (підхід Рубіна-Розена) розраховані склад змішаних міцел і адсорбційних шарів, параметри взаємодії в міцелах β m і адсорбційних шарах β σ , а також надлишкові вільні енергії міцелоутворення та адсорбції. Розрахунки складу змішаних адсорбційних шарів показали, що адсорбційний шар на межі розділу розчин – повітря у всьому інтервалі досліджених об'ємних співвідношень збагачений молекулами нейонної поверхнево-активної речовини (ПАР), що має вищу поверхневу активність. Встановлено, що збільшення йонної сили розчину призводить до зниження сили взаємодій ПАР в змішаному адсорбційному шарі. Це підтверджує електростатичну природу взаємодій у сумішах катіонних і нейонних ПАР. Ключові слова : поверхнево-активні речовини, адсорбція, бінарні суміші, міцелоутворення, адсорбційний шар

Gigantic Magnetic Field Effect on the Long-Lived Intermolecular Charge-Separated State Created at the Nonionic Bilayer Membrane

For realization of low-cost organic photon-energy conversion, the supramolecular approach has been a focus of attention as a counter approach to precise synthesis of covalently linked donor (D)-acceptor (A) molecules. Here we report photogeneration of a long-lived (∼3 μs) intermolecular charge-separated (CS) state of metal porphyrins (D) and an alkyl viologen (A) at an interface of a vesicle membrane formed by self-assembly of nonionic surfactant and cholesterol molecules. The yield of escaped free radicals is negligibly low as in the case of CS states in covalently linked D-A systems. Furthermore, the transient concentration of the CS state dramatically increases by ∼100% upon application of a magnetic field of 250 mT at room temperature. The simulation of the spin dynamics of the CS state indicates that fast (∼107 s-1) spin-selective recombination and slow (105-106 s-1) dissociation-re-encounter dynamics are the key processes for the long CS-state lifetime and the gigantic magnetic field effect. It has turned out that such dynamics are sharply dependent on temperature and alkyl chain length of the viologen. The present results would lead to the development of future materials for light energy conversion, drug delivery, and microscopic bioprobes.

Stability of Polymer–Monomer Particles of Synthetic Latexes

The presence of “living” macroradicals in the volume of a polymer–monomer particle may be one of the factors responsible for the loss of the aggregative stability of latexes. If the adsorption protection of a polymer–monomer particle is insufficient, high content of “living” macroradicals leads to gelation in the latex in the course of storage. Correlation between the latex life time, hydration of nonionic surfactant molecules in the adsorption layer of a polymer–monomer particle, and extent of the action of the macroradicals was determined. Naphthalenesulfonic dispersing agents enhance the stability of latex systems in the step of polymerization and distillation of the monomers owing to a decrease in the critical micelle concentration of the emulsifier, to extension of the micellar period of the polymerization, to an increase in the degree of saturation of polymer–monomer particles, and to an increase in the probability of macroradical recombination in the volume of a polymer–monomer particle. With an increase in the degree of polycondensation of naphthalene-containing dispersing agents, their surface activity increases, whereas the ability to support the aggregative stability of latexes decreases.

Deuterated phytantriol – A versatile compound for probing material distribution in liquid crystalline lipid phases using neutron scattering

Phytantriol is an interfacially-active lipid that is chemically robust, non-digestible and forms particles with internal bicontinuous cubic phase structures (cubosomes) when dispersed with non-ionic surfactants at ambient and physiological temperatures. The liquid crystalline internal structure of phytantriol-based cubosomes can be changed to alter the interfacial contact area/topology with the aqueous dispersant to trigger bioactive payload release or to alter the local membrane curvature around bound or embedded proteins. To enable the study of payload distribution, structure and transformation kinetics within phytantriol particles by neutron scattering techniques it is desirable to have access to a deuterated version of this molecule but to date a synthetic route has not been available. The first successful synthesis of phytantriol-d39 is presented here alongside a preliminary physical characterisation of related particle structures when phytantriol-d39 is dispersed using two non-ionic surfactants, Tween® 80 and Pluronic® F127. Synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was used to confirm that phytantriol-d39-based nanoparticles in D2O form similar liquid crystalline structures to those of their natural isotopic abundance (phytantriol/H2O) counterparts as a function of temperature. Finally, small angle neutron scattering (SANS) with solvent contrast to match out the phytantriol-d39 structuring was used to show that the spatial correlations between the Tween® and Pluronic® non-ionic surfactant molecules are different within dispersed phytantriol-d39 particles with different liquid crystalline structures in D2O. The surfactant molecules in phytantriol-d39/Tween® 80 particles with Im3m cubic structures were found to follow a self-avoiding walk, whereas in phytantriol-d39/Pluronic® F127 particles with Pn3m cubic structures they were found to follow a more rod-like packing arrangement.

Proliferation, Metabolic Activity, and Adipogenic Differentiation of Human Preadipocytes Exposed to 2 Surfactants In Vitro

Fat grafting is a pivotal technique for tissue repair. Adipose stromal cells, including preadipocytes, play a major role in the regenerative effects attributed to fat grafting. But the benefits are impaired by the low survival of the graft due to mechanical stress during harvesting, hypoxia, and nutrient deprivation. Nonionic surfactant molecules demonstrated their efficacy in preventing and repairing mechanical damage on the cellular membrane, but it is poorly understood if and how they affect cellular viability, proliferation, and differentiation. We investigated the influence of 2 nonionic surfactants, Kolliphor®P188 and Kolliphor®EL, on cultured human preadipocytes. We analyzed their effects on metabolic activity, cell number, adipogenic differentiation, and secretion of growth factors. Kolliphor®P188 increased metabolic activity, while it did not influence proliferation and differentiation as well as growth factors release. Kolliphor®EL confirmed its cytotoxic effect at the highest concentrations applied. Contrariwise, treatment with lower concentrations significantly raised metabolic activity, induced adipogenesis, and increased insulin-like growth factor-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor secretion. The effect on differentiation was inhibited by blocking peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. Our results revealed important effects of surfactants on preadipocytes' survival, proliferation, death, and the interplay with their environment. Particularly Kolliphor®EL provides modes of action, which could recommend it for novel treatment to improve fat graft viability.

Charge storage, electrocatalytic and sensing activities of nest-like nanostructured Co3O4

We synthesized nanostructured Co3O4 samples using anionic (SDS), cationic (CTAB) and nonionic (Triton X-100) surfactant molecules in hydrothermal conditions and subsequent calcination. This approach facilitates the synthesis of porous Co3O4 material with bundle-like-sheet, nest-like and flake-like morphologies with specific surface areas in the range of 50–77m2g−1. Among these materials, the nest-like nanostructured Co3O4 material has unique pore architecture, larger pore volume, low solution and charge transfer resistance, and found to be an active material for charge storage, electrocatalytic and sensing applications. The specific capacitance value of the nest-like Co3O4 is 404Fg−1 at a current density of 2Ag−1 with 80% specific capacitance retention. The electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol occurs at lower onset potential on this material with good electrochemical stability. It has good sensing ability for glucose with high sensitivity of 929μAcm−2mM−1, fast response time of ∼0.5s and detection limit as low as ∼1μM. These results show that the nest-like nanostructured Co3O4 material is a versatile candidate for various applications.

Solubilization Behavior of Phorbol Esters from Jatropha Oil in Surfactant Micellar Solutions

AbstractPhorbol esters (PEs) are important toxic compounds found in Jatropha curcas oil and pressed seeds. These compounds are tumor promoters; thus, their removal prior to further utilization of the pressed seed is important. This work aimed to investigate the solubilization behavior of PEs and Jatropha oil in nonionic [effect of the ethylene oxide number (EON), carbon‐chain length and temperature] and anionic (NaCl addition) surfactant systems. The results reveal that an increase in the EON of the nonionic surfactant molecules, rather than an increase in the carbon‐chain length, enhances PE solubilization. The hydrophile‐lipophile balance (HLB) value was correlated with PE solubilization for nonionic surfactant solutions. The solubilization of PEs decreased slightly with increasing temperature, in contrast to solubilization of the oil. Moreover, the mole fraction of PE solubilized in the micelle decreased with increasing electrolyte concentration in anionic surfactant solutions. The solubilization behavior of PEs in both nonionic and anionic solutions indicates that PE acts more like a polar compound than a nonpolar compound. In addition, the PEs in nonionic micelles are likely located in the palisade region (i.e., between the head group and the first few carbon atoms of the tail), whereas those in anionic micelles are likely near the outer core of the head group. This finding suggests that a nonionic surfactant with a higher EON has a greater potential to extract PE from Jatropha seeds. If an anionic surfactant is combined as co‐surfactant, a small amount of electrolyte should be added to increase PE solubilization.