Nonglabrous Skin Research Articles

Guest Editorial to accompany Vasomotor responses in glabrous and nonglabrous skin during sinusoidal exercise

Guest Editorial to accompany Vasomotor responses in glabrous and nonglabrous skin during sinusoidal exercise

Effect of activated sweat glands on the intensity-dependent sweating response to sustained static exercise in mildly heated humans.

Changes in the number of activated sweat glands (ASGs) and sweat output per gland (SGO) with increased exercise intensity during sustained static exercise were investigated. Fourteen male subjects performed 20, 35, and 50% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) for 60 s with the right hand (exercised arm) at an ambient temperature of 35 degrees C and 50% relative humidity. Although sublingual, local skin, and mean skin temperatures remained essentially constant throughout the exercise at each intensity, the sweating rate (SR) of nonglabrous skin on the nonexercised left forearm increased significantly with a rise in exercise intensity (p<0.05). Changes in the number of ASGs with rising exercise intensity paralleled changes in the SR, but the SGO did not change markedly with altered exercise intensity. These results suggest that in mildly heated humans, at less than 50% MVC, the increase in the SR from nonglabrous skin with rising exercise intensity during sustained static exercise is dependent on changes in the number of ASGs and not on SGO.

Influence of isometric exercise on blood flow and sweating in glabrous and nonglabrous human skin.

The distribution of the reflex effects of isometric exercise on cutaneous vasomotor and sudomotor function is not clear. We examined the effects of isometric exercise by different muscle masses on skin blood flow (SkBF) and sweat rate (SR) in nonglabrous skin and in glabrous skin. The latter contains arteriovenous anastomoses (AVAs), which cause large fluctuations in SkBF. SkBF was measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and reported as cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC; LDF/mean arterial pressure). SR was measured by capacitance hygrometry. LDF and SR were measured at the sole, palm, forearm, and ventral leg during separate bouts of isometric handgrip (IHG) and isometric leg extension (ILE). CVC and its standard deviation decreased significantly during IHG and ILE in the palm and sole (P < 0.05) but not in the forearm or leg (P > 0.05). Only palmar SR increased significantly during IHG and ILE (P < 0.05). We conclude that the major reflex influences of isometric exercise on the skin include AVAs and palmar sweat glands and that this is true for both arm and leg exercise.

Evidence for metaboreceptor stimulation of sweating in normothermic and heat‐stressed humans

1. Isometric handgrip (IHG) exercise increases sweat rate and arterial blood pressure, and both remain elevated during post-exercise ischaemia. The purpose of this study was to identify whether the elevation in arterial blood pressure during post-exercise ischaemia contributes to the increase in sweating. 2. In normothermia and during whole-body heating, 2 min IHG exercise at 40% maximal voluntary contraction, followed by 2 min post-exercise ischaemia, was performed with and without bolus intravenous administration of sodium nitroprusside during the ischaemic period. Sodium nitroprusside was administered to reduce blood pressure during post-exercise ischaemia to pre-exercise levels. Sweat rate was monitored over two microdialysis membranes placed in the dermal space of forearm skin. One membrane was perfused with the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor neostigmine, while the other was perfused with the vehicle. 3. In normothermia, IHG exercise increased sweat rate at the neostigmine-treated site but not at the control site. Sweat rate remained elevated during post-exercise ischaemia even after mean arterial blood pressure returned to the pre-IHG exercise baseline. Subsequent removal of the ischaemia stimulus returned sweat rate to pre-IHG exercise levels. Sweat rate during post-exercise ischaemia without sodium nitroprusside administration followed a similar pattern. 4. During whole-body heating, IHG exercise increased sweat rate at both neostigmine-treated and untreated sites. Similarly, regardless of whether mean arterial blood pressure remained elevated or was reduced during post-exercise ischaemia, sweat rate remained elevated during the ischaemic period. 5. These results suggest that sweating in non-glabrous skin during post-IHG exercise ischaemia is activated by metaboreflex stimulation and not via baroreceptor loading.

Mechanoreceptive afferents in the human sural nerve.

Microneurography was used to characterize 104 low-threshold mechanoreceptive afferents in the human sural nerve. The afferents were readily classified into four types using criteria developed for the glabrous skin of the hand: SA I (31%), SA II (11%), FA I (49%), and FA II (9%). The distribution of fascicle fields and receptive fields of individual afferents on the lateral side of the foot indicates that the glabrous skin portion of the innervation territory of the sural nerve is more densely innervated than the non-glabrous skin portion. The different populations in the glabrous and non-glabrous skin regions were similar regarding proportion of unit types, receptive field sizes, and force thresholds. The receptive field sizes of the type I units of the present sample were about twice the size compared to those of the glabrous hand units, and the force threshold were at least three times higher for three of the unit types (SA I, FA I, and FA II). Given their receptive properties, it is likely that mechanoreceptive afferents in the sural nerve provide rich information about contact patterns between the foot and environment during stance and locomotion.

メラノーマの早期病変診断におけるｄｅｒｍｏｓｃｏｐｙの有用性

We investigated the characteristic dermoscopic features of early lesions of malignant melanoma. On dermoscopy, malignant melanoma in situ and the macular portions of invasive malignant melanoma affecting glabrous skin showed accentuated pigmentation on the ridges of the skin markings, which are arranged in parallel. This “parallel ridge pattern” was exclusively found in malignant melanoma in situ and the macular portion of invasive malignant melanoma. In contrast, benign melanocytic nevi on glabrous skin showed, in most cases, one of the following 3 typical dermoscopic patterns: (1) parallel furrow pattern, (2) lattice-like pattern, and (3) fibrillar or filamentous pattern.On non-glabrous skin, malignant melanoma in situ and the macular portion of invasive malignant melanoma showed highly irregular pigment network, pseudopods, radial streaming and irregular black dots or brown globules. Other pigmented lesions such as basal cell carcinoma, seborrheic keratosis, solar lentigo and black heel also showed distinctive dermoscopic features, respectively. Because of these characteristic features, we can effectively detect early melanoma using this noninvasive method. [Skin Cancer (Japan) 2001; 16: 13-21]

Primary nociceptive afferents mediate the blood flow dysfunction in non-glabrous (hairy) skin of type 2 diabetes: a new model for the pathogenesis of microvascular dysfunction.

To test the independent contributions of vascular endothelium, sympathetic activation and inhibition, vessel distensibility, and nociceptor-mediated vasodilation in both glabrous and hairy skin circulations. We measured blood flow using laser Doppler techniques in 10 people with type 2 diabetes and 10 age- and BMI-matched healthy control subjects at the pulp of the index finger (glabrous skin) and the dorsum of the hand (hairy skin). A 5-min ischemic block of the arm was used to test vascular endothelium. Warming of the probe site to 45 degrees C tested neurogenic vasodilation in hairy skin only. Vessel distensibility was tested by gravitational pressure. Basal blood flow and reactive hyperemia did not differ between groups at either skin site. The vasodilative response to local warming (P < 0.01) and limb lowering (P < 0.05) were significantly different between groups in hairy skin but not in glabrous skin in the absence of objective measured neuropathy. Nociceptor-mediated flow correlated significantly with the warm thermal threshold (r = -0.50, P < 0.05). Endothelial-mediated blood flow correlated with systolic blood pressure (r = -0.76, P < 0.01), LDL cholesterol (r = -0.62, P < 0.001), C-peptide (r = 0.65, P < 0.05), and triglycerides (r = 0.47, P < 0.05). These data suggest that neurogenic nociceptor-mediated vasodilation is impaired in subjects with type 2 diabetes when endothelial and sympathetic function are relatively intact. Heat-induced vasodilation may be a specific test of small heat-sensitive C-fiber peripheral neurons and may be an integral part of the metabolic syndrome.

Electrodermal Response in Nonglabrous Skin of Freely Moving Rats: Mediation by the Sympathetic Nervous System and Evaluation in an Animal Model of Depression

Electrodermal responses in the facial region of freely moving rats were recorded bilaterally. After a nociceptive stimulus (ammonia vapor exposure), the response (a transient negative potential followed by a longer-lasting positive potential) attained a similar amplitude on both sides. Surgical sympathetic denervation of facial skin by ipsilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCGx) significantly decreased the electrodermal response. When an inferior cervical ganglionectomy was performed in addition to SCGx, a further decrease in electrodermal response was observed. Pretreatment of unilaterally SCGx rats with atropine blunted the electrical response in the control side to levels similar to those found in the SCGx side. Treatment with phenoxybenzamine or propranolol was ineffective. Skin potential responses were measured in adult rats administered with clomipramine from the 8th to the 21st day of life and exhibiting a long-lasting syndrome resembling human depression. Clomipramine-injected rats developed larger skin potential responses to sound stimulation than controls while responses to ammonia vapor were similar in both groups, as well as the habituation rate after repetitive exposure to ammonia vapor. The results indicate that some of the altered electrodermal responses found in depressed patients are detectable in the clomipramine animal model of endogenous depression.

Finger movement responses of cutaneous mechanoreceptors in the dorsal skin of the human hand

1. The movement sensitivity of dorsal skin mechanoreceptors in the human hand was studied by the use of single afferent recording techniques. 2. Units were classified as slowly (SA) and fast adapting (FA) and further characterized by thresholds to vertical indentation and by receptive-field sizes. Whereas SA units were evenly distributed within the supply area of the superficial branch of the radial nerve. FA units were usually situated near joints. 3. The proportion of different receptor types (32% SAI, 32% SAII, 28% FAI, 8% FAII; n = 107) compared favorably with previous electrophysiological and anatomic data, arguing for minimal sampling bias. The majority of the skin mechanoreceptive units were SA, largely due to a relative scarcity of FAII [Pacinian corpuscles (PC)] units. 4. A large majority (92%) of the afferents responded to active hand or finger movements. Responses in all unit types were consistent with observed movement-induced deformations of their receptive fields. 5. FAI units responded bidirectionally, albeit usually with somewhat higher discharge frequencies for finger flexion, which in most cases were associated with skin stretch. FAI units showed meager responses to remote stimuli, typically responding to one or, at the most, two adjacent joints. 6. SA units typically showed simple directional responses to joint movements with an increased discharge during flexion and a reduced discharge during extension. Joint movement that influenced the skin within the receptive field of SA units elicited graded responses even if the field, as assessed by perpendicular indentations, was minute. This finding suggests that definition of cutaneous receptive fields by classical perpendicular indentations may be inappropriate for the receptors in the hairy, nonglabrous skin. 7. The interpretation of the data from these recordings suggests that cutaneous mechanoreceptors in the dorsal skin can provide the CNS with detailed kinematic information, at least for movements of the hand.

Acral with melanoma: A review of 185 patients identification of prognostic variables

One hundred eight-five patients with acral melanoma treated since 1972 were reviewed. These included 53 subungual lesions, 123 plantar lesions, and 9 palmar lesions. Eighty percent presented with stage I disease. Mean age was 57 years. Males outnumbered females 1.1:1. Seventeen percent (17%) were blacks. Actuarial 10-year survival was 58% for stage I patients and 35% for stage II patients. Univariate Cox regression analyses identified 5 prognostic variables affecting survival: stage at diagnosis (P less than 0.001), race (P less than 0.001), ulceration (P = 0.012), Clark's level (P = 0.014), and thickness of the primary lesion (P = 0.013). Factors unrelated to survival included sex of the patient, site (volar vs. subungual), histology, and treatment with amputation. Multivariate analysis for patients with stage I lesions identified race (P = 0.001) and ulceration (P = 0.018) as significant variables, with thickness approaching significance (P = 0.094). In an additional series of 71 patients with melanomas arising from extremity sites near the junction of glabrous and non-glabrous skin, survival was significantly poorer for those arising from glabrous skin (P = 0.024), and reflects a higher incidence of metastatic disease at diagnosis. Specific active immunotherapy was the principal adjuvant used for these patients, and survival was comparable to that reported with regional perfusion therapy. Acral melanoma a) has a strong racial predilection, b) carries a grave prognosis, and c) arises from glabrous skin. It is a clinical entity distinct from other extremity melanomas. Surgical management with either wide excision or amputation is appropriate for the primary lesion.

Peripheral neural correlates of cutaneous anaesthesia induced by skin cooling in man

The effect of local skin cooling on the behavior of low- and high-threshold mechanoreceptive afferents innervating glabrous and non-glabrous skin was studied in microneurographic recordings on awake human subjects. Cooling with ice or ethyl chloride to a skin surface temperature below 10 degrees C caused a reduction of receptor sensitivity in 49 out of 52 studied low-threshold afferents. This effect was reversible upon warning but some reduction often persisted for a few minutes after normal skin temperature had been reached. The subjects' sensations of application and removal of von Frey hair stimuli were more resistant than had reappeared before the sensation of sustained pressure. This could be explained by shorter recovery times for fast than for slowly adapting units and by a relative preservation of the dynamic responses of the slowly adapting units. During the recovery phase some low-threshold mechanoreceptive afferents exhibited a transient 'spontaneous' discharge in the absence of external mechanical stimulation. The suppression of afferent C-fibre responses to needle strokes was more pronounced and long-lasting than the effect on A-fibre responses and largely paralleled the recovery of sensation of pain. It is concluded that the local anaesthetic effect of skin cooling is to a large extent explicable in terms of receptor desensitization although other mechanisms may contribute.

Modification of the skin blood flow-body temperature relationship by upright exercise.

Modification of the skin blood flow-body temperature relationship by upright exercise.

Competition between cutaneous vasodilator and vasoconstrictor reflexes in man.

A two-part experiment was carried out on seven men to determine whether skin will respond to increased neurogenic vasoconstrictor activity during heating. The latter was induced by lower body negative pressure of -50 mm Hg applied for 5 of each 15 min in 12 studies with constant, neutral skin temperature (32.2-34.4 C) in a 40-min control period and with skin temperature held at 38 C for 40-70 min. We conclude that during heating, skin retains the ability to vasoconstrict but that this vasoconstriction cannot completely override heat-induced vasodilatation.

Sweat induction from an isolated eccrine sweat gland.

Sweat induction from an isolated eccrine sweat gland.

Sustained human skin and muscle vasoconstriction with reduced baroreceptor activity.

Sustained human skin and muscle vasoconstriction with reduced baroreceptor activity.

Characteristics of subthreshold sudomotor neural impulses.

ArticleCharacteristics of subthreshold sudomotor neural impulses.T Ogawa, and R W BullardT Ogawa, and R W BullardPublished Online:01 Sep 1972https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1972.33.3.300MoreSectionsPDF (1 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByElementary integrate-and-fire process underlies pulse amplitudes in Electrodermal activity7 July 2021 | PLOS Computational Biology, Vol. 17, No. 7Rapid, Large, and Synchronous Sweat and Cardiovascular Responses Upon Minor Stimuli in Healthy Subjects. Dynamics and Reproducibility4 February 2020 | Frontiers in Neurology, Vol. 11The origin, significance and plasticity of the thermoeffector thresholds: Extrapolation between humans and laboratory rodentsJournal of Thermal Biology, Vol. 85Thermoeffector threshold plasticity: The impact of thermal pre-conditioning on sudomotor, cutaneous vasomotor and thermogenic thresholdsJournal of Thermal Biology, Vol. 83Morphological and Physiological Considerations for the Modelling of Human Heat Loss27 April 2018Thermogenic and psychogenic recruitment of human eccrine sweat glands: Variations between glabrous and non-glabrous skin surfacesJournal of Thermal Biology, Vol. 65Responses to hyperthermia. Optimizing heat dissipation by convection and evaporation: Neural control of skin blood flow and sweating in humansAutonomic Neuroscience, Vol. 196Regional brain responses associated with thermogenic and psychogenic sweating events in humansMichael J. Farrell, David Trevaks, Nigel A. S. Taylor, and Robin M. McAllen6 November 2015 | Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol. 114, No. 5Regional variations in transepidermal water loss, eccrine sweat gland density, sweat secretion rates and electrolyte composition in resting and exercising humans1 February 2013 | Extreme Physiology & Medicine, Vol. 2, No. 1Brain stem representation of thermal and psychogenic sweating in humansMichael J. Farrell, David Trevaks, Nigel A. S. Taylor, and Robin M. McAllen15 May 2013 | American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, Vol. 304, No. 10Psychological sweating from glabrous and nonglabrous skin surfaces under thermoneutral conditions31 October 2011 | Psychophysiology, Vol. 49, No. 3Contribution of central versus sweat gland mechanisms to the seasonal change of sweating function in young sedentary males and females8 June 2010 | International Journal of Biometeorology, Vol. 55, No. 2Sex-related differences in sweat gland cholinergic sensitivity exist irrespective of differences in aerobic capacity10 November 2009 | European Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 109, No. 1Effects of body posture on local sweating and sudomotor outflow as estimated using sweat expulsionAutonomic Neuroscience, Vol. 119, No. 1Low and high frequency acupuncture stimulation inhibits mental stress-induced sweating in humans via different mechanismsAutonomic Neuroscience, Vol. 118, No. 1-2Muscle mechanoreceptor modulation of sweat rate during recovery from moderate exerciseManabu Shibasaki, Mieko Sakai, Mayumi Oda, and Craig G. Crandall1 June 2004 | Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 96, No. 6Humid heat acclimation does not elicit a preferential sweat redistribution toward the limbsMark J. Patterson, Jodie M. Stocks, and Nigel A. S. Taylor1 March 2004 | American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, Vol. 286, No. 3Occurrence of the spinal reflex due to skin pressure in sudomotor and cutaneous vasoconstrictor nerve system of humansAutonomic Neuroscience, Vol. 105, No. 1Sympathetic Control of Sweating and Cutaneous Active VasodilatationSkin reactions after breast-conserving therapy and prediction of late complications using physiological functionsBreast Cancer, Vol. 7, No. 2Circadian variations of the dynamic properties in sweating activityJournal of the Human-Environment System, Vol. 4, No. 1Vasodilator component in sympathetic nerve activity destined for the skin of the dorsal foot of mildly heated humans22 September 2004 | The Journal of Physiology, Vol. 507, No. 2Sudomotor functional dissection of neurodegenerative diseasesPathophysiology, Vol. 3, No. 1Cutaneous vasodilatation responses synchronize with sweat expulsionsEuropean Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, Vol. 71, No. 1Mechanisms of potentiation in sweating induced by long-term physical trainingEuropean Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, Vol. 69, No. 3A comparison of sweating responses during exercise and recovery in terms of sweating rate and body temperatureInternational Journal of Biometeorology, Vol. 37, No. 4Neuro-effector characteristics of sweat glands in the human hand activated by irregular stimuliActa Physiologica Scandinavica, Vol. 146, No. 2Changes in the concentrations of Na+, K+ and Cl? in secretion from the skin during progressive increase in exercise intensityEuropean Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, Vol. 64, No. 6The assessment of sudomotor dysfunction in multiple system atrophyClinical Autonomic Research, Vol. 1, No. 4Identification of sudomotor activity in cutaneous sympathetic nerves using sweat expulsion as the effector responseEuropean Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, Vol. 61, No. 3-4Dependence on exercise intensity of changes in electrolyte secretion from the skin sampled by a simple methodEuropean Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, Vol. 60, No. 6Effects of thyrotropin releasing hormone on human sudomotor and cutaneous vasomotor activitiesEuropean Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, Vol. 57, No. 5Heat pipe theory applied to a biological system: Quantification of the role of the “resting” eccrine sweat gland in thermoregulationJournal of Theoretical Biology, Vol. 64, No. 4 More from this issue > Volume 33Issue 3September 1972Pages 300-5 https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1972.33.3.300PubMed5056204History Published online 1 September 1972 Published in print 1 September 1972 Metrics

Basal cell carcinoma of the cheek in a 12-year-old girl.

ABASAL cell carcinoma in the pediatric age group in the absence of xeroderma pigmentosum and the nevus basal cell carcinoma syndrome is rare. Nineteen1-12cases of basal cell carcinoma in childhood and early adolescence, including three7,8,11following radiotherapy, have been recorded in the literature. This neoplasm occurs almost exclusively on the nonglabrous skin, primarily the face. It usually presents as a pearly nodule, which eventually ulcerates and becomes crusted, or may be encountered as a plaque, scaly patch, or a cyst. The histopathology varies from the undifferentiated form resembling the immature cells of the epidermis to the well differentiated types resembling the adnexal structures. The purpose of this article is to present a case of a basal cell carcinoma of the cheek in an otherwise normal 12-year-old girl and to briefly review the literature. Review of Literature The clinical data were incomplete in some of the 19 cases,

Activity from skin mechanoreceptors recorded percutaneously in awake human subjects

A technique is described which allows recording of multi-fiber discharge and single-unit activity from intact peripheral nerves of awake human subjects. A tungsten electrode with a tip diameter of 5–15 μ was driven manually through skin, subcutaneous tissues and nerve sheath. From many recording sites in mixed nerve trunks neural impulses with an amplitude of 40 μv were recorded in response to peripheral mechanical stimuli. It was possible to judge when afferent nerve fibers of cutaneous origin lay close to the electrode tip by the quality of the insertion paresthesias and the type of peripheral stimuli required to induce afferent responses. Examples are presented of fast and slowly adapting mass discharge induced by mechanical stimuli on glabrous and nonglabrous skin areas. When single-unit activity was discriminated it was often possible to determine the site of the cutaneous end organ, the discharge characteristics of the unit, and the conduction velocity of the nerve fiber. Ten such single-unit recordings are described.

Physiological role of the adrenal medulla in the palmar anhidrotic response to stress.

ArticlePhysiological role of the adrenal medulla in the palmar anhidrotic response to stress.J Harrison, and P C MacKinnonJ Harrison, and P C MacKinnonPublished Online:01 Jan 1966https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1966.21.1.88MoreSectionsPDF (1 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByReading under the skin: physiological activation during reading in children with dyslexia and typical readers14 August 2015 | Annals of Dyslexia, Vol. 66, No. 2Hands and feet: physiological insulators, radiators and evaporators11 July 2014 | European Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 114, No. 10Regional variations in transepidermal water loss, eccrine sweat gland density, sweat secretion rates and electrolyte composition in resting and exercising humans1 February 2013 | Extreme Physiology & Medicine, Vol. 2, No. 1Psychological Sweating: A Systematic Review Focused on Aetiology and Cutaneous ResponseSkin Pharmacology and Physiology, Vol. 26, No. 2The cholinergic blockade of both thermally and non-thermally induced human eccrine sweating18 May 2012 | Experimental Physiology, Vol. 97, No. 8Sudomotor responses from glabrous and non-glabrous skin during cognitive and painful stimulations following passive heating17 October 2011 | Acta Physiologica, Vol. 204, No. 4The time of the crime: Cognitively induced tonic arousal suppression when lying in a free recall contextActa Psychologica, Vol. 129, No. 1Is Mediation of Sweating Cholinergic, Adrenergic, or Both? A Comment on the LiteraturePsychophysiology, Vol. 24, No. 3The self-attention-induced feedback loop and social facilitationJournal of Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 17, No. 6Social Facilitation During the Initial Stage of Motor LearningJournal of Motor Behavior, Vol. 10, No. 4NEUROENDOCRINE CONTROL OF SWEAT GLANDSJournal of Investigative Dermatology, Vol. 69, No. 1Leadership style, stress, and behavior in task performanceOrganizational Behavior and Human Performance, Vol. 9, No. 3The palmar anhidrotic response to stress in schizophrenic patients and in control groupsJournal of Psychiatric Research, Vol. 7, No. 1Palmar sweating and the presence of an audienceJournal of Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 5, No. 3Effect on Performance of Learning a Complex Motor Task in the Presence of Spectators17 March 2013 | Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, Vol. 40, No. 2 More from this issue > Volume 21Issue 1January 1966Pages 88-92 https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1966.21.1.88PubMed4285694History Published online 1 January 1966 Published in print 1 January 1966 Metrics

Distensibility of peripheral veins in man determined by a miniature-balloon technic.

ARTICLESDistensibility of Peripheral Veins in Man Determined by a Miniature-Balloon TechnicDaniel C. Connolly, and Earl H. WoodDaniel C. Connolly, and Earl H. WoodPublished Online:01 Nov 1954https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1954.7.3.239MoreSectionsPDF (1 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInEmailWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformationCited ByDifferential responsiveness of glabrous and nonglabrous skin to local transmural pressure elevations: impact of 5 weeks of iterative local pressure loadingMichail E. Keramidas, Roger Kölegård, Patrik Sundblad, Håkan Sköldefors, and Ola Eiken26 October 2021 | American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, Vol. 321, No. 5Pressure distension in leg vessels as influenced by prolonged bed rest and a pressure habituation regimenOla Eiken, Igor B. Mekjavic, Stylianos N. Kounalakis, and Roger Kölegård15 June 2016 | Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 120, No. 12 More from this issue > Volume 7Issue 3November 1954Pages 239-244 https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1954.7.3.239PubMed13211506History Published online 1 November 1954 Published in print 1 November 1954 Metrics