Nong Khai Province Research Articles

A study to assess the readiness of rice farmers to use agricultural technology for production in Nong Khai Province, Thailand

This article aims to study the attitude factors affecting the intention to use agricultural technology in the production of rice by farmers in Nong Khai province through a technology acceptance model based on structural equation analysis. Nong Khai, one of the provinces located in Thailand's north-eastern region, has the largest rice production area. The area is suited for agriculture due to its proximity to significant water sources, such as the Mekong River. In this research, data were collected from a group of rice farmers in Nong Khai Province to study the readiness of the sample group that affected the intention to use Amino-KP 2 instead of chemical fertilizer. It was found that there was the highest level of acceptance or intention to use an interpretation of the meaning. The results of all hypothesis testing showed that optimism and interest in innovation influence perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. The perceived usefulness factor was hindered by the insecurity variable, while the perceived ease of use factor was unaffected. Additionally, the discomfort of using technology hindered the perceived ease of use factor, but the perceived usefulness remained unaffected. The perceived ease of use factor was also found to have a positive influence on the perception of usefulness. Perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use both had a positive influence on the intention to use Amino-KP 2.

A Comparison on Factor of Health Care Accessibility in Palliative Patient during before and after Covid 19 Outbreak in a Hospital Located in Northeast of Thailand

This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate and compare factors affecting access to health services before and after the outbreak of COVID 19 in all palliative care patients, Thabo Hospital, Nongkhai Province. The data were retrieved all palliative care patients from HosXP data based during 2017 to 2022. The outcome of this study was number of accessing to health services. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple poisson regression analysis. Results found that the number of palliative care patient accessed to health service before COVID 19 outbreak was 3,076 times (Mean ± SD: 19.23 ± 13.40) and during COVID 19 outbreak was 1,374, (12.84 ± 8.67). It found that factors affecting access to health services before COVID 19 were males (aIRR = 0.86; 95%CI: 0.80, 0.93), those aged over 60 years-old (aIRR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.31) and those who had Charlson’s comorbidity index score > 3 points (aIRR = 1.57; 95%CI: 1.27, 1.95). During COVID-19 outbreak, it found that factors affecting access to health services were males (aIRR = 1.19; 95%CI: 1.08, 1.34), Hence, in order to have a sign for service provider of prioritizing service, there is a needed of periodizing severity of palliative care patents by age and Charlson’s comorbidity index score during normal and epidemic of emerging disease.

AREA – BASED EDUCATION STRATEGIES FOR PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN NONG KHAI PROVINCE

The movement and educational reform to unlock the various restrictions from Thai government and the concept of providing opportunities for various sectors to participate in educational management, thus resulting in this research with the purposes; 1) to study the needs of area-based education, 2) to construct area-based education strategies and 3) to evaluate the area-based education strategies of primary schools in Nong Khai Province. The mixed-method research design was used in this study consisting of 4 phases: Phase 1: studying the area-based education from the document, textbooks and theories as well as semi-structured interviews with 5 experts, Phase 2: studying the current states, desirable states and needs of area-based education by 159 principals using a questionnaire and prioritizing with PNImodified technique, Phase 3: constructing the area-based education strategies using TOWS Matrix technique and focus group discussion by 9 experts and Phase 4: evaluating the appropriateness, feasibility, utility and accuracy of area-based education strategies by connoissuership13 experts.The results of this research were as follows:1. The current states of area-based education of primary schools in Nong Khai Province were at the high level and the desirable states of area–based education of primary schools were at the highest level. The needs of area-based education of primary schools overall index of demand, is 0.22. The sequences were: 1) collaboration and participation, 2) area desirable learning management, 3) enhancing potential and competency of personal education, 4) producing effective system of evaluation and assessment, 5) decentralization and autonomy in educational management, and 6) information database and educational innovation development.2. The area-based education strategies of primary schools consist of 6 main strategies, 30 sub-main strategies, 95 guidelines and 65 indicators. The main strategies were: 1) enhance collaboration and participation, 2) promote desirable area corresponding with learning management, 3) enhance potential and competency of educational personnel, 4) produce effective system of evaluation and assessment, 5) promote decentralization and autonomy in educational management and 6) develop information database and educational innovation. 3. Strategic evaluation of 6 strategies in 4 aspects: appropriateness, propriety, feasibility, utility and accuracy were at the highest level in all aspects.

The Effects of Economic Factors and Lifestyle on the Healthy Food Consumption of the Elderly in Nong Khai Municipality, Thailand

Objective: This research aimed to study the effects of economic factors and lifestyle on the marketing mix of healthy food consumption. Theoretical framework: The analysis of the economic factors and that affected the 7Ps in terms of worthiness and purchase convenience, e.g., marketing channels, places, presentation, services, and product delivery. Method: using a structured equation model (SEM). The data were collected from 398 volunteers aged over 60 years by convenience sampling in Nong Khai Municipality, Thailand. Results and conclusion: that most volunteers were aged between 60-69 years, married, graduated from the primary education level, were housewives and pensioners, and earned 10,000 Thai Baht per month on average. Economic factors and lifestyle affected all 7Ps in the marketing mix of the healthy food consumption of the elderly in Nong Khai Municipality. The economic factors had more effects than lifestyle. Implications of the research: Entrepreneurs could use the data from this research to develop healthy products for the elderly. Furthermore, the government could utilize the data of the consumer behavior as an economic driver to motivate the needs of the elderly for health promotion, self-care, and/or for providing welfare policies to the elderly. Originality/value: This study provides an important impact on improving the alternative food development for the elderly in Nong Khai Province of Thailand.

Social network analysis and network centrality in community enterprises: evidence from One Tambon One Product entrepreneurship program in border Thailand

PurposeThis study aims to analyze social networking and network centrality in the case of community enterprises, which the existing literature has not addressed. To do so, the authors use the survey of community enterprises from the One Tambon One Product (OTOP) entrepreneurship program of Nong Khai border province in Thailand as a case study.Design/methodology/approachSocial network analysis (SNA) is a tool to study and understand the relationship patterns of units of analysis, which can be individual, household, community or production units, and how those units interact through social or economic activities. Network positions are important when identifying the centralization of links in a particular network. If a representative is close to the center of a network, it is possible that the production unit will be able to contact or coordinate with a greater number of other members of the cluster, create knowledge sharing, promote collaboration and then typically demonstrate greater performance.FindingsThe results show that overall, local government agencies play a critical role in the community enterprise relationship network, while private entities are the least active group. Enterprises in partnerships with external agencies are mostly cooperating with branding and marketing dimensions, followed by the design dimension. There is no cooperation regarding production and distribution. Most community enterprises have established at least a one-dimensional network of cooperation with external agencies; only five community enterprises have isolated nodes with no partnerships having been created within this group.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was limited by the surveys having been conducted in a single area and, therefore, can be used only as a case study for this area. Surveys in larger group sizes and in a wider range of areas would lead to results with greater applicability and reliability.Practical implicationsThese results bring to mind policy proposals to increase the competitiveness of community enterprises through the development of social networks as follows: firstly, knowledge should be created with community enterprise operators to understand their supply chains and analyze the strengths and weaknesses and core competencies of their enterprises; and secondly, enterprises should be educated about which agencies can assist businesses at each stage in the value chain system and encouraged to ask for help in adding value at each stage of production.Social implicationsA “OTOP to Business Networking” platform for community and private enterprises should be created with projects/activities that offer venues to exchange business learning and opportunities. Holding meetings among people in a variety of business sectors may help inspire entrepreneurs to innovate to further their businesses, which can lead to networking businesses conducting activities across community enterprises and the private sector for the mutual benefit of producing merchandise for large customers and markets. Learning systems, production techniques and cooperation should be created, as well as opportunities to increase market share and profitability, if this platform is successful.Originality/valueThis paper is the first study, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, to utilize SNA to examine the use of social networking among community enterprises participating in Thailand’s OTOP entrepreneurship program in Nong Khai province. The results show that overall, local government agencies play a critical role in the community enterprise relationship network, while private entities are the least active group. Therefore, the government can play an important role in helping to develop a network of community enterprises with external entities at each stage of the value chain to enhance the competitiveness of each enterprise.

The impact of Thai-Laos border trade during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study of the Nong Khai Customs House in Thailand.

The aim of this research was to examine the effects of Thai-Laos border trade during the COVID-19 crisis in 2020 in Mueang Nong Khai District, Nong Khai Province, Thailand. A Case Study of the Nong Khai Customs House. This was qualitative research with a sample group of 20 merchants and transport operators on the Thai-Laos border, using an in-depth interview as a study tool. Use content analysis to analyze the data and present the findings with descriptive statistics. According to the findings, the economic impact of the Nong Khai customs house had an increased export value of approximately 37.26% compared to 2020, because most of the products exported can be transported by truck. Nevertheless, the import value decreased compared to 2021 due to the epidemic of the COVID-19 virus, which caused individuals and enterprises to be uncertain about the country's economic status, resulting in a decrease in the import of high-priced goods for domestic sales. The socio-cultural impact is minimal in this area since the people continue to follow the traditional ways of life and culture according to their religion as usual. The political impact the government has passed legislation to block the first Thai-Laos Friendship Bridge, preventing people from entering and departing the nation via the Nong Khai customs house. There is less impact on the trade of consumer goods through the border, but individuals and enterprises have adapted by changing the distribution channel to online. There are also measures to help people by reducing duty rates and exempting customs duties from the government.

Operational factors of entrepreneurs influence the decision to choose the Thailand-Laos border trade: a case study of Nong Khai Province in Thailand.

The objective of this research is to study the operational factors that influence entrepreneurs' decisions to choose Thai-Laos border trade in Thailand's Nong Khai Province. The population used in this study is Nong Khai Province-based entrepreneurs that are members of the Office of Small and Medium Enterprises Promotion (OSMEP), which has a total of 1,066 members in 2021. The sample size: a total of 283 samples were obtained from the calculations, but to ensure the accuracy of the estimate, consequently 500 samples were used, and the samples were selected by simple random sampling, using a questionnaire as a study tool. Use the Logit model to analyze the data and present the findings with descriptive statistics. According to the study's findings, the overall operational factors were at a high level, with an average of 3.96. The majority, 57.80 percent, had border trade experience. The marginal effects of the costs of the products, the distance, and the time on the decision to choose the Thailand-Laos border trade are 0.179, -0.216, and 0.109, respectively. And all the variables in the Logit model could explain the likelihood of deciding on border trade equal to 52.40% (Pseudo R2 = 0.524).

Acceptance of Commercial Cricket Cultivation Technology in Nong Khai Province, Thailand

Nong Khai Province, Thailand is one of the provinces in the northeastern region that has been promoting a career known as the “Nong Khai Model Project” of cricket cultivation. This study aimed to research the factors affecting the acceptance of commercial cricket cultivation technology in Nong Khai Province, Thailand. The samples in this study included 500 farmers. The agricultural technology was cricket cultivation from the Nong Khai Model project that improved the mindset and way of cultivation, which was arranged by Khon Kaen University, Nong Khai Campus. The analyses, by the ordered logit and ordered probit models, were estimated with the maximum likelihood and marginal effects. The two models demonstrated non-different results. However, the factors were gender, age, cultivation experience, education, labor, monthly household income and agricultural information channel via academic journals or documents. These affected the acceptance with statistical significance. Therefore, the Department of Agricultural Extension and Department of Agriculture should publish information about cricket cultivation by focusing on the benefits of the operation or provide simple instructions.

THE INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO SUFFICIENCY ECONOMY IN THAILAND’S NORTHEASTERN REGION PROVINCES

The goal of this study is to explore the innovative approach to Sufficiency Economy at a household level. The data was collected by the use of questionnaires with 2,000 respondents as well as the interviews with community leaders from 54 Sufficiency Economy model villages in 5 provinces (Udon Thani Province, Nong Bua Lam Phu Province, Nong Khai Province, Bueng Kan Province, and Loei Province). The research findings revealed that the local people had faith in the leaders who devoted their time, money, and intelligence to the development of local communities. In other words, the community leaders should be the role-models of success for their people. With regards to the application of the Sufficiency Economy philosophy, saving money was the most applicable method at the household level, while working part-time was the least applicable method. Self-sufficient living was mentally learned and practiced the most, but it was economically learned and practiced the least. Moreover, it was suggested that “E-San (Northeastern)” family structure should integrate the older people’s way of life with the younger generations’ lifestyle in order to promote a sufficient and sustainable way of living. Accordingly, the model of “Great Leaders, Six Directions of Sufficient Way of Living” was formulated. The directions included 1) having a good mindset, 2) understanding the nature and the environment, 3) reducing expenses, 4) supporting each other, 5) having empathy, and 6) saving money.

Service marketing strategies and performances of tourism and hospitality enterprises: implications from a small border province in Thailand

PurposeThe objective of this study is to determine how service marketing strategies affect enterprises in the tourism and hospitality industry, especially, operators in small towns that are not tourism destinations and visited only by small numbers of tourists.Design/methodology/approachThis study investigates the impact of 4P strategy implementation on the potential and profitability of service operators in Nong Khai Province, Thailand, by using an econometric model and defining dependent variables in order to classify firm performance into 3 areas, namely, (1) revenue, (2) cost/expense and (3) profit—in log form.FindingsStudy results show that tourism and hospitality service operators have to place emphasis on “development,” starting from upstream processes such as research and development and utilizing local wisdom and reflecting cultural identities as well as focusing on downstream activities, including adoption of modern media. At the same time, operators should also emphasize marketing and sales promotions as well as seek publicity through websites and online social media in parallel with developing downstream activities.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper only focuses on Nong Khai Province as the research area because, first, Nong Khai has a relatively low income per capita and is located in Thailand's Northeast, the country's poorest region. Second, Nong Khai is a border province, adjacent to the Lao PDR, and thus there are numerous tourists from the Lao PDR and overseas countries who travel in and out of the province through the Thailand–Lao border checkpoints.Practical implicationsRelevant government agencies should provide support throughout the development process from upstream to downstream in order to upgrade the potential of tourism and service operators in this small province by incorporating local identities used for creation of service products and by supporting marketing and sales promotions whether in the form of organizing various exhibitions events, publicity via the Internet, etc.Social implicationsRaising service standards of an organization and developing an acceptable quality brand and setting fair prices without taking advantage of consumers were strategies that played important roles. This set of strategies was implemented together with a development strategy for people also through the process of team building and knowledge management, including skill development through a training system, which also played an important role toward the sustainability of tourism and hospitality enterprises in Nong Khai Province.Originality/valueIt is believed that this paper is the first study to apply Stan Shih's innovation smiling curve in a small border province of Thailand. This study could shed the light for tourism and hospitality enterprises in a small and poor town in attempt to be the sustainability.

The Policy Design on Preparation and Coping with Flash Flood Mekong River Basin Entrance Inequality Deduction Form Disaster: A Case Study of Mueang Nong Khai District Nong Khai Province, Thailand

The objective of this research is (1) to raise awareness and prepare for flash flooding among people in the Mekong region which promotes inequality reduction from disasters by using Muang Nong Khai District, Nong Khai Province as a model area, and (2) To develop a policy proposal by designing a joint policy for flash flood preparedness in the Mekong region to promote inequality reduction from disasters. This research is action research in conjunction with policy design focusing on brainstorming. Group discussions with in-depth interviews. The research results were found that: [A] People have a basic understanding of (1) the nature of the disaster, and (2) the experience of the flash flood disaster encountered by the WiangKhuk Sub-district people is about remembering the severity Looking at the floods that have been associated, but in terms of preparation, community leaders see together that they want to develop into a system and plan for a joint rehearsal in the future. [B] Flash flood response weaknesses are (1) Weaknesses for early warning, evacuation, and flash flood drills, (2) Weaknesses of flash flood plans for areas that have not yet been formally planned, And (3) weaknesses in communication. [C] The interesting common policy design guidelines that should be developed are (1) Flash flood knowledge development, (2) direction and coordination for emergency operations, (3) agreements that Formal and informal for flash flood response, (4) resource mobilization focused on the certainty of emergency work. [D] The policy recommendations are: (1) Appropriate policy guidelines for flash flood preparedness in the Mekong River Basin should include precautions, evacuation, flash flood drills, and community-level plans to tackle flash floods. (2) The public sector, civil society, and communities should jointly develop policies to prepare for flash floods, that is, to develop flash flood knowledge to keep up with the changing circumstances of the local context. (3) The key policy to deal with flash floods to help reduce inequality is to develop community capacity or community potential. This is a collaboration of community organizations, the government sector, civil society in the area, which together with driving a community-level response plan. [E] The operation recommendations include (1) the community must be the host to invite government organizations such as the Provincial Disaster Prevention and Mitigation and the Mekong Community Organization Council to drive community-level planning. (2) Organizing a network meeting on flash flood response such as communities, Provincial Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Agency, and Mekong Community Organization Council should hold meetings at least twice a year to understand the situation and implement measures to deal with flash floods in a timely manner. (3) Flash flood drills should be conducted at least once a year in order to build mutual learning among communities and networks in flash flood preparedness, it is also an analysis of the weaknesses each year and can be used to develop the capacity and capacity of the community to handle the flash flood in the future.

TRADITIONAL RETAIL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT MODEL IN THE NORTHEAST REGION ALONG THE BORDER OF THAILAND

The objectives of this research were to: firstly, study the level of satisfaction in purchasing products, product quality, service quality, and money value of consumers in the traditional retail businesses in the northeast region along the border of Thailand, secondly, study the influence of variables affecting the success of traditional retail businesses in the northeast region along the border of Thailand, and thirdly, develop the traditional retail business model in the northeast region along the border of Thailand. The samples consisted of 380 people living in 7 provinces along the border of Thailand, which were Loei province, Nong Khai province, Bueng Kan province, Mukdahan province, and Amnat Charoen province; collected 54 people each, and Nakhon Phanom province and Ubon Ratchathani province; collected 55 people each. The research results indicated that the consumers’ opinions towards satisfaction in purchasing products, product quality, service quality, and the value for money of consumer's perspectives were rated at a high level. In addition, factors including purchasing satisfaction, product quality, quality of service, and value for money affected the success of traditional retail businesses. Lastly, the traditional retail business model in the northeast region along the border of Thailand should focus on product quality, value for money, purchasing satisfaction, and service quality.

Decision-making on Public Transportation Services Based on the Socio-economic, Psychological, and Environmental Concern Factors

Aim:This research aims to study the socio-economic, psychological, and environmental factors which affect the decision making of passengers with regard to the use of public transportation route from Nong Khai province, which is considered as the border area of Thailand and Laos, to many destinations.Methods:The study was initially carried out by collecting data from 450 passengers using two public transportation services and 200 passengers using private cars. An analysis was conducted by means of descriptive statistics, factor analysis and binary logistic regression.Results:The results showed that the status, age, domicile, self-satisfaction and accomplishment, safety of life and property, and self-consciousness and environmental conservation practice influenced the choice of both the alternatives.Conclusion:To develop a service model, a variety of bus and van services must be provided to match the varied demand of passengers with different levels of purchasing power. It is also important to consider the impact of various factors that affect the public bus service selection, which may result in improved public transport systems. As a consequence, the well-being of border area citizens can be improved.

Comparison of frog diversity between paddy fields with chemical and non-chemical use in Nong Khai province, Thailand

Comparison of frog diversity between paddy fields with chemical and non-chemical use in Nong Khai province, Thailand

Comparison of frog diversity between paddy fields with chemical and non-chemical use in Nong Khai province, Thailand

Comparison of frog diversity between paddy fields with chemical and non-chemical use in Nong Khai province, Thailand

Biological activities and GABA content of Ma-Lod (Elaeagnus latifolia Linn.)

Elaeagnus latifolia Linn. is a type of wild edible fruit plant belonging to the family Elaeagnaceae locally known as Ma-Lod in the Upper North of Thailand. In this study, the fruit of twelve Ma-Lod trees, namely ML-1, ML-2, ML-3, ML-4, ML-5, ML-6, ML-7, ML-12, ML-16, ML-17, ML-18, and ML-19, collected from Sangkhom District, Nong Khai Province were investigated for tyrosinase inhibitory activity, antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging activity, total phenolic content and GABA content. The results show that the reducing power of Ma-Lod flesh extracts highly correlated with their phenolic contents indicating phenolic compounds could be one of the main contributors to oxidant reducing power. Among twelve tested Ma-Lod trees, fruit flesh extracts of ML-1, ML-4, ML-5, and ML-17 were considered to be a promising source of biologically active compounds due to their high total phenolic contents, antioxidant activity and outstanding of tyrosinase inhibitory activity. GABA was also found in Ma-Lod flesh extract and the high recovery of GABA after passing through the Dowex 50W-X8 column was obtained. This wild and underutilized fruit exhibits many valuable characteristics which deserve conservation and utilization. It could be a potential source of natural biologically active compounds in the development of value-added products such as antioxidant-rich products and cosmetics. In addition, new investigation of the presence of GABA in Ma-Lod fruit might lead to the development of GABA food supplement in the future.

Soft skills of the administrators affecting the school effectiveness

Soft skills are essential skills required for a lot of occupations concerning communication and interpersonal skills in any work environment that can lead organisations to be successful and effective. In order to understand the soft skills and school effectiveness, this research tried to study the relationship between soft skills and school effectiveness and also investigated how soft skills affected school effectiveness. The participants consisted of 341 teachers of Nong Khai Primary Educational Service Area Office, Nong Khai Province, Thailand. The 5-rating scale questionnaire was employed for data collection. The data were analysed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation and multiple regression analysis. The results indicated the relationship between the two variables that led to understand how to develop school effectiveness based on the soft skills of school administration. 
 Keywords: Soft skills, school effectiveness, administrators.

The Strategy for Ethical Behavior Movement of Five Precepts Village’s Project in Buddhism: A Case Study of Nongyangkham Village, Nong Khai Province, Thailand

The objectives of this research were: 1) to study the mechanism of Five Precepts Village’s Project, 2) to study procedures of Five Precepts Village’s Project, 3) to monitor and evaluate results of Five Precepts Village’s Project, and 4) to establish a strategic approach on movement of Five Precepts Village’s Project. This research was hold at Nongyangkham village, Nong Khai Province, Thailand and separated for 3 periods. The first was by interview 12 key informants and content analysis techniques to compose context. The second was to questionnaire 181 persons and analyzing by multiple linear regression analysis. The third used group discussion with 12 people purposive. The results were found that; (A) The first: the Ethical Behavior consist of: (1) seven contexts factors, (2) four procedures factors, (3) three types results and (4) eight strategy approach. (B) The second: The influential factors affecting the ethical behavior of villagers were the community expectancy’s factor (s =.329), the mind persuasion art's factor (s =.302), the continuity of activities’ factor (s =.281) [F = 63.427; p-Value = 0.001]. And (C) the third: the Strategy for Ethical Behavior Movement were: (1) Leadership of abbots in Buddhism, (2) Continuity of activities, (3) The participation of all, (4) Mind persuasion arts and (5) Community expectancy.

The impact of economic factors on street food consumer choice in Nong Khai Municipality, Nong Khai Province, Thailand

The impact of economic factors on street food consumer choice in Nong Khai Municipality, Nong Khai Province, Thailand

The factors influencing of Consumer behavior at Thasadet Market in Nong Khai Province, Thailand

The purposes of this research were (1) to study the factors of consumer behavior at Thasadet market in Nongkhai province, Thailand (2) to examine factors influencing consumers’ purchase decision making. The data from 385 questionnaires were analyzed and processed by computer. Statistical analyses include percentage, frequency, and standard deviation. The results of the study a as follows: The majority of consumers were female, 21-30 years old, bachelor’s degree holders, married, working in company with 15,001-20,000 Baht income. The majority of consumer purchase was souvenirs, the reasons of buying were gifts or present, purchase 2-3 times, buying day on Saturday and Sunday with the average expenses 501-1,000 Baht. In terms of consumers’ opinion toward the impacts of marketing mix factors, it is found that product, price, place highly while promotion moderately impact on consumers’ decision making.