Nonextensive Ions Research Articles

Twisted dust-acoustic waves in a self-gravitating dusty plasma with nonextensive q-distributed electrons and ions

We have investigated the twisted dust-acoustic waves (TDAWs) in an electrostatic self-gravitating dusty plasma whose electrons and ions are modelled by nonextensive q-distribution function while massive dust particles are Maxwellian distributed. A well-known kinetic theory is employed for this purpose where perturbed distribution function, electrostatic and gravitational potentials are expressed with Laguerre–Gauss functions. The governing equations of kinetic theory are solved together under paraxial approximations. The dispersion relations and instability growth rates are obtained for two situations; a) super-extensivity (q < 1) and b) sub-extensivity (q > 1). Significant modifications concerning the wave frequencies and growth rates are presented with respect to self-gravitation parameter, twist parameter, nonextensive parameter and streaming speed. It is observed that wave frequency and growth rate of TDAWs reduces in the presence of self-gravitating effects. Furthermore, the growth rates exhibit a significant enhancement in amplitude with the increase in twist parameter, q-parameter and streaming speed. Our present results may have applications in interstellar dust clouds and in the dusty plasma environments of Halley’s Comet.

Influence of ions nonextensivity on the dynamics of dust acoustic double layers in a magnetized self-gravitating dusty plasma

The existence and polarity of dust acoustic double layers (DADLs) in a magnetized self-gravitating opposite polarity dusty plasma (OPDP) have been investigated. The constituents of the OPDP model are two species of positively and negatively charged dust grains, Maxwellian electrons, and nonextensive distributed ions. Employing the reduction perturbation method to solve basic fluid equations for dust grains, the extended Korteweg-de Vries (E-KdV) equation was derived, and its solution was extracted and analyzed. Results show that DADLs behavior is influenced by several new relevant configurational parameters, including the nonextensivity of ions, strength, and direction of the static magnetic field, as well as the self-gravitational field. In the proposed OPDP model positive and negative double-layer polarities may be formed. The polarity of OPDP is severely affected by the nonextensivity of plasma ions and the mass ratio of positive dusts to negatives. Results of higher-order nonlinear equation for solitary structure deny the presence of solitons in the physical condition of modeled plasma. In this work, simultaneous effects of an external magnetic field, self-gravitational force, and plasma ions’ nonextensivity have been studied extensively, which can be applied in various material processing plasmas, fusion plasmas, to space plasmas such as cometary tails, and Earth’s mesosphere.

Two-dimensional dust acoustic solitary waves in a dusty plasma in the presence of polarization force with a nonextensive ion distribution

Two-dimensional dust acoustic solitary waves in a dusty plasma in the presence of polarization force with a nonextensive ion distribution

Initial measurement of ion nonextensive parameter with geodesic acoustic mode theory

The consideration of nonextensivity effects is crucial to the accurate diagnosis of plasma parameters; common plasma nonextensive parameters include electron nonextensive parameter and ion nonextensive parameter, and the former can be measured, while the ion nonextensive parameter cannot be measured yet. Here we show the measurement of ion nonextensive parameter of plasma based on the theory of nonextensive geodesic acoustic modes. We assume that the plasma to be measured can be described by nonextensive statistical mechanics, and on this basis, the nonextensive geodesic acoustic mode theory is established. Utilizing this theory, we have measured the ion nonextensive parameter {{q}_{{{F}_{mathrm {i}}}}}= 1.565 which cannot be diagnosed even by a nonextensive single electric probe. Our research points out that the proposed measurement method of ion nonextensive parameter may play a role in plasma diagnosis and will help us to grasp the nonextensivity of plasma more precisely. We hope the proposed method of ion nonextensive parameter diagnosis based on the nonextensive geodesic acoustic mode theory can be the starting point of more complex ion nonextensive parameter diagnosis methods. In addition, the measurement of ion nonextensive parameter is closely related to the study of various plasma waves, instabilities, turbulence and abnormal transport, and a defined and quantitative test of nonextensive geodesic acoustic mode theory will bound up deeply with such developments.

Shock formation in magnetized plasma under the influence of polarization force and nonadiabaticity of dust charge variation

In this work, we have analyzed the impact of polarization force, angle of obliqueness under the influence of nonadiabatic dust charge fluctuation on shock waves formation in magneto rotating plasma. The present plasma model is consisting of negatively charged dust grains, Maxwellian electrons, nonextensive ions. The dissipation is introduced in the system via nonadiabaticity, a new mechanism for the formation of shock waves. Using standard reductive perturbation method, nonlinear equation namely Korteweg–de Vries Burgers equation is derived and solution is obtained using the Tanh method. It is shown that dust charge fluctuation is the main source of dissipation. We have studied the various parameteric influences on such shock structure and also showed how the gradual variations of these parameter affect the generation and structure of the shocks in their respective domain. Much of experiments on dusty plasma with nonadiabatic dust charge fluctuation will benefit from the parametric study.

The overtaking interaction of electron acoustic solitary waves in a plasma with hot non-extensive electrons

In the present work, we investigate the propagation and overtaking interaction of electron-acoustic solitary waves (EASWs) in a plasma comprising cold electron fluid, hot nonextensive electrons and immobile ions. For this purpose, the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation is derived for this model. Then Hirota’s direct method is used to the KdV equation to obtain multisoliton solution for studying the interaction process. Our one-dimensional plasma model supports rarefactive EASWs. For both single soliton and multisoliton solutions, the amplitude and velocity of the solitons increase with the increase of nonextensivity or superthermality of hot electrons. It is found that the temporal scale of collision between two solitons decreases with the decrease of nonextensive parameter . The choice of propagation vectors on the interaction of the solitons is also significant. The present analysis may be helpful for further study of the modified bipolar or tripolar electric field signatures observed in the auroral zone.

Dissipative dust acoustic solitons in magnetized nonextensive warm dusty plasma

A systematic theoretical investigation has been carried out in order to explore the propagation of both linear and nonlinear dust acoustic waves (DAWs) in a collisional magnetized warm dusty plasma in the presence of nonextensive electrons and ions. A linear dispersion relation is analyzed to show that the wave frequencies of both parallel and perpendicular modes are modified by the relevant plasma parameters. The standard reductive perturbative technique leads to a Korteweg–de Vries equation with a linear damping term for the propagation dynamics of the finite amplitude waves in warm dusty plasma. It is found that the dust-neutral collision induced dissipation is responsible for the linear damping. The analysis reveals that DAW propagates in the form of a weakly dissipative compressive/rarefactive solitons and the nonlinear excitations are significantly influenced by different plasma parameters, such as dust concentration, nonextensivity, external magnetic field strength, and dust-neutral collisionality. The present results can be relevant to the DAWs in some astrophysical plasma environments, such as Saturn’s rings, interstellar dusty clouds, etc.

Nonlinear dust-acoustic modes in homogeneous dusty plasmas: bifurcation analysis

Different nonlinear dynamical behavior of dust-acoustic modes of a homogeneous plasma are examined. The plasma composed of negatively charged dust grains and nonextensive distribution electrons and ions. The evolution of the system is investigated using a 3-dimensional nonlinear Schrodinger (3D-NLS) equation. Different methods are used to explore the possible solutions of 3D-NLS equation using a bifurcation analysis and factorization method to obtain periodic, shocklike and explosive waves. Furthermore, rogue wave solution of the 3D-NLS equation is obtained to investigate the dependence of rogue wave profile on nonextensivity parameters. The present investigation can be relevance to the electrostatic structures in various dusty plasmas, such as Saturn’s E-ring.

Dust–Acoustic Envelope Solitons in an Electron-Depleted Plasma

A theoretical investigation of the modulational instability (MI) of dust–acoustic waves (DAWs) by deriving a nonlinear Schrodinger equation in an electron-depleted opposite polarity dusty plasma system containing non-extensive positive ions is presented. The conditions for MI of DAWs and formation of envelope solitons are investigated. The sub-extensivity and super-extensivity of positive ions are seen to change the stable and unstable parametric regimes of DAWs. The addition of dust grains causes changes the width of both bright and dark envelope solitons. The findings of this study can help understanding the nonlinear features of DAWs in Martian atmosphere, cometary tails, solar system, laboratory experiments, etc.

Dust-acoustic envelope solitons and rogue waves in an electron depleted plasma

A theoretical investigation of the modulational instability (MI) of dust-acoustic waves (DAWs) by deriving a nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation in an electron depleted opposite polarity dusty plasma system containing non-extensive positive ions has been presented. The conditions for MI of DAWs and formation of envelope solitons have been investigated. The sub-extensivity and super-extensivity of positive ions are seen to change the stable and unstable parametric regimes of DAWs. The addition of dust grains causes to change the width of both bright and dark envelope solitons. The findings of this study may be helpful to understand the nonlinear features of DAWs in Martian atmosphere, cometary tail, solar system, and in laboratory experiments, etc.

Interaction of Dust-Acoustic Shock Waves in a Magnetized Dusty Plasma under the Influence of Polarization Force

The interaction of dust-acoustic (DA) shock waves in a magnetized dusty plasma under the influence of nonextensively modified polarization force is investigated. The plasma model consists of negatively charged dust, Maxwellian electrons, nonextensive ions, and polarization force. In this investigation, we have derived the expression of polarization force in the presence of nonextensive ions and illustrated the head-on collision between two DA shock waves. The extended Poincaré–Lighthill–Kuo (PLK) method is employed to obtain the two-sided Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers (KdVB) equations and phase shifts of two shock waves. The trajectories and phase shifts of negative potential dust-acoustic shock waves after collision are examined. The combined effects of various physical parameters such as polarization force, nonextensivity of ions, viscosity of dust, and magnetic field strength on the phase shifts of DA shock waves have been studied. The present investigation might be useful to study the process of collision of nonlinear structures in space dusty plasma such as planetary rings where non-Maxwellian particles such as nonextensive ions, negatively charged dust, and electrons are present.

Dust-Acoustic Rogue Waves in Opposite Polarity Dusty Plasma Featuring Nonextensive Statistics

Modulational instability of dust-acoustic waves, which propagate in an opposite polarity dusty plasma system containing inertial warm negatively and positively charged massive dust grains as well as nonextensive q-distributed electrons and ions has been theoretically investigated. The nonlinear Schrodinger equation is derived by employing the reductive perturbation method. The nonlinear Schrodinger equation predicts the conditions of the modulational instability of dust-acoustic waves and the formation of dust-acoustic rogue waves in a nonlinear and dispersive plasma medium. It is observed that the basic features of the dust-acoustic rogue waves (viz., amplitude and width) are significantly modified by the various plasma parameters such as nonextensivity of electrons and ions, electron number density, electron temperature, ion number density, ion temperature, the mass and number density of the dust grains, etc. The application of the results in space and laboratory opposite polarity dusty plasma is briefly discussed.

Influence of ionization on sheath structure in electropositive warm plasma carrying two-temperature electrons with non-extensive distribution

A collisional electropositive plasma having two-temperature (hot and cold) electrons with non-extensive distribution and warm ions is investigated for the sheath structure by taking into account the ionization in plasma. A modified Bohm's sheath criterion is realized in such a plasma, which shows considerable dependence on the non-extensive parameter, collisional parameter, ionization, ion temperature, and concentration and temperature of hot electrons. The corrected choice for the initial value of the electric field at the sheath edge is obtained for a given set of plasma parameters. The sheath thickness and the electric potential in the sheath show significant modification under the effect of non-extensive parameters and temperature and concentration of hot electrons. A noticeable change in the sheath characteristics is also recorded for different ionization rates, collisional parameters, and ion temperatures. A comparative study for the two-temperature electrons having non-extensive distribution with the electrons having Boltzmann distribution and single-temperature electrons having non-extensive distribution is also done in order to uncover the role of two-temperature, i.e., hot and cold electrons.

Effect of external oblique magnetic field on the nonextensive dust acoustic soliton energy

A theoretical study has been carried out of obliquely propagating dust acoustic solitary waves in a magnetized multi-component dusty plasma which consists of fluid dust grains, nonextensive ions, and Maxwellian electrons. Our plasma model is inspired from the experimental study of Bandyopadhyay et al. (Phys Rev Lett 101:065006, 2008). The reductive perturbation method has been used to establish the Korteweg–de Vries (K–dV) equation which admits a nonlinear solitary wave solution for small but finite amplitude limit. Our results reveal that the main quantities of DA solitons are drastically affected by the nonextensivity, obliqueness, and static magnetic field effects. In particular, it may be noted that an addition of a degree of ion nonextensivity leads to an increase in the amplitude and width of DA soliton. This effect becomes more important when the DA soliton propagates more obliquely. The role the nonextensivity, obliqueness, and magnetic intensity can play in the energy engendered by the DA soliton is also analyzed. Interestingly, it is shown that the presence of the strong magnetic field causes a dissipation of the energy carried by the DA soliton. This dissipation becomes less important as the ions correlation becomes stronger. For a good understanding, the theoretical results of our model are compared to their experimental counterparts.

Effects of Nonextensive Ions (Heavier and Lighter) on Ion Acoustic Solitary Waves in a Magnetized Five Component Cometary Plasma with Kappa Described Electrons

We have investigated the propagation characteristics of Ion-Acoustic Solitary Waves (IASWs) in a magnetized, cometary plasma consisting of hydrogen ions, positively and negatively charged oxygen ions, kappa described hot solar electrons, and slightly colder cometary electrons. The effects of q-nonextensive distributions, on both lighter and heavier ions have been studied by deriving the Zakharov–Kuznetsov (ZK) equation. The basic features of IASWs such as amplitude, width, and phase speed have been extensively studied by a numerical analysis of the ZK equation. It is found that superthermality of the electrons and nonextensivity of ions significantly modify the characteristics of the solitary waves. The amplitudes of the solitary waves seem to be well correlated to the presence of water molecules in a cometary plasma and the associated photoionization processes.

Cylindrical shock potentials in nonextensive space plasmas

The propagating cylindrical dissipative nonlinear shock in dusty four-component nonextensive plasmas with three viscous components (ion and two-polarity charged grains) has been investigated. The three-dimensional cylindrical Burgers equation is obtained. The features of propagating cylindrical shock potentials are studied to becomes a very significantly improved by nonextensive electrons, ion and negative (positive) kinematics viscosity coefficients. Furthermore, the shock strength depends on cylindrical directions. The obtained results may be profitable in understanding both the laboratory and space applications of plasmas.

Stability analysis of the acoustic like modes in nonextensive pair ion plasma

Kinetic theory has been employed to study acoustic like modes in a $q$ -nonextensive pair plasma (electron-positron or pair-ion). Three dimensional $q$ -nonextensive distribution function has been used to derive the dielectric response function and analysis the behavior of acoustic like modes in a $q$ -nonextensive pair-ion plasma. It is also shown that the existence of unstable acoustic modes is not possible in a pair-ion plasma following a $q$ -nonextensive distribution function.

Generation of rogue waves in space dusty plasmas

The basic features of dust-acoustic (DA) waves (DAWs) in a four component dusty plasma system (containing inertial cold and hot dust grains and inertialess non-extensive ions and electrons) have been theoretically investigated by deriving the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The analytic analysis under consideration demonstrates two types of modes, namely, fast and slow DA modes. The unstable domain, which can be recognized by the critical wave number (kc), gives rise to the DA rogue waves (DARWs). It is observed that the amplitude and width of the DARWs are significantly modified by various plasma parameters. The present results should be useful in understanding the conditions for modulational instability of DAWs and generation of DARWs in Saturn F-rings.

Theoretical Study of Dust Acoustic Solitary Waves Interaction in a Strongly Coupled Dusty Plasma with Nonextensive Electrons and Ions

Theoretical Study of Dust Acoustic Solitary Waves Interaction in a Strongly Coupled Dusty Plasma with Nonextensive Electrons and Ions

Solitary wave solution and dynamic transition of dust ion acoustic waves in a collisional nonextensive dusty plasma with ionization effect

The solitary wave solution and dynamic transition of dust ion acoustic waves (DIAWs) are studied in an unmagnetized collisional dusty plasma, which consists of negatively charged dust fluid, positively charged ions, q-nonextensive electrons, and background neutral particles, considering the ionization effect, ion loss, ion–neutral, ion–dust, and dust–neutral collisions. Using reductive perturbation technique (RPT) the damped Korteweg–de Vries (DKdV) equation and the damped modified Korteweg–de Vries (DMKdV) equation are derived. Using momentum conservation law, dust ion acoustic solitary wave solutions (DIASWSs) are obtained for the DKdV and MDKdV equations. Effects of nonextensive parameter (q) and ion–dust collisional frequency (νid) are presented on the DIASWSs. Effects of ion–dust collisional frequency (νid), ion–neutral collisional frequency (νin) and ion loss rate (νl) on DIAWs are investigated considering an external periodic perturbation through three-dimensional phase portrait and time-series analysis. It is found that νid, νin and νl significantly affect on the dynamics of the perturbed DIAWs and play a pivotal role in the transition from quasiperiodic and chaotic motions to periodic motion.