Nonequivalent Control Group Design Research Articles

The Effect of Playing Playing Cards with Mosquito Claps on Cognitive Function and Happiness in Elderly Residents

The study aimed to investigate the impact of playing playing cards with mosquito claps on cognitive function and happiness levels in the elderly living in the Sudagaran Banyumas Elderly Social Service Center. This research used a method of Quasy Experimental Non-Equivalent Control Group Design with pretest-posttest with quantitative data analysis. The research was conducted at the Sudagaran Elderly Social Service Home, as many as 32 subjekts with purposive sampling technique. The analysis used is Wilcoxon test, Mann-Whitney test and Effect Size. Based on the results of the Mann-Whitney test from the posttest results of cognitive function and happiness of the intervention group and control group, the p-value of cognitive function was 0,005 (p<0,05) and the p-value of happiness was 0,001 (p<0,05), meant that there was a significant effect on cognitive function and happiness of the elderly in the intervention group and control group with an effect size of 0,698 on cognitive function and 0,826 on happiness. The result of this study was that there was a difference between before and after playing cards with mosquito claps on the intervention group and control group and a large effect on cognitive function with an effect size of 0,698 and happiness with an effect size of 0,826. Playing cards is a useful activity for the elderly in improving cognitive function and increasing their happiness. This can help them feel more comfortable and enjoy old times more pleasantly.

PEMBELAJARAN RANTAI MAKANAN MELALUI MEDIA PAPER RONAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN LITERASI SAINS KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR

This research aims to determine the effect of the Food Wheel Rotation Board Media (Paper Ronan) on Increasing Science Literacy at Class V Elementary Schools. The research method applied experimental research, in the form of a nonequivalent control group design. The sample was 19 students of class VA as the experimental class and 21 students of class VB as the control class. The data collection tool was test questions regarding scientific literacy, with data analysis techniques using the quantitative paired T test technique using SPSS. The results of this research show that there is a significant difference in the scientific literacy abilities of the experimental group compared to the control group as evidenced by the results of the hypothesis test where the tcount>ttable value is 2.120>1.683. These results provide a decision to accept Ha and reject H0. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence of the use of the Food Wheel Spinning Board (Paper Ronan) media on the Science Literacy of Class V Elementary Schools.

ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF FLIPPED CLASSROOM ON MATH COMPREHENSION IN PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Flipped Classroom learning model in improving the understanding of mathematical concepts in elementary school students. Using a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test nonequivalent control group design, data were collected from 50 sixth graders of an elementary school. The Flipped Classroom model is compared to conventional teaching methods, with students' understanding of mathematical concepts as dependent variables. Results showed significant improvements in both groups, signaling the positive impact of both teaching methods on student understanding. However, no significant differences were observed between the two methods. The study emphasizes the importance of considering a variety of factors, including technology skills, parental support, and cultural context, in choosing the right teaching method. While the Flipped Classroom offers an innovative approach, conventional methods remain relevant in specific contexts. Recommendations for future research include the use of larger samples and considering additional factors that affect learning outcomes. Overall, the research contributes to an understanding of effective teaching practices in basic mathematics education, providing valuable insights for educators and policymakers.

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Scramble Terhadap Hasil Belajar Kognitif Siswa Kelas II SD pada Pembelajaran PPKn

Problems in class II elementary school students show students' low knowledge of PPKn learning, symbol material and the practice of Pancasila as well as learning models that are not well developed by teachers in class II, which has an impact on students' cognitive learning outcomes. This research aims to measure the influence and differences in the application of the Scramble type cooperative learning model on the cognitive learning outcomes of class II elementary school students in PPKn learning. The research method used is a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test with non-equivalent control-group design involving experimental and control classes with a quantitative approach. Based on the research results, the scramble type cooperative learning model shows a significant influence on the cognitive learning outcomes of second grade elementary school students in PPKn learning with a significance value of <0.001 (smaller α= 0.05). The results of further research show that the difference in cognitive learning outcomes of students who use the scramble cooperative learning model is greater compared to students who use the conventional learning model, this can be seen from the results of the independent sample t-test with a significant value of 0.004 < 0.05.

THE INFLUENCE OF STAD TYPE COOPERATIVE LEARNING MODEL ON HEAT MATERIAL AND ITS TRANSFER ON CRITICAL THINKING ABILITY AND SCIENCE LEARNING OUTCOMES

The development of education is marked by advances in science and technology which cause every individual to have the ability "The 4Cs". Low critical thinking caused who are passive and teachers who do not package learning in an interesting way resulting in learning heat material. So, it overcome through the selection of a learning model, namely the STAD. The researchers aimed to examine the significant effect of the STAD on critical thinking skills and learning outcomes. This quasi-experimental study used a non-equivalent control group design. The research location is at SMPN 10 Jember in semester of 2022/2023. The conclusions of the entire test are, (1) the STAD-type cooperative learning model on heat material and its locking have a significant effect on students thinking abilities, and (2) the STAD-type cooperative learning model on heat material and its locking have a significant effect on science learning outcomes for junior high school students.

The effect of an environmental education program based on empathy and reflective thinking on preadolescents’ environmental values and knowledge

As a remedial measure to human-induced climate change, it is imperative to develop intrinsic altruistic values and adequate knowledge of environmental phenomena and behavior to act in favor of the environment. The study aims to assess the effect of an Environmental Education Program (EEP) based on empathy, reflective thinking, and information on preadolescents’ environmental values and knowledge. For that, a non-equivalent control group design was used. Data collection was done through questionnaires, checklists, and participant thought diaries. Forty-six students (eleven-to-twelve-year-old children) selected through purposive sampling from the sixth standard of two semi-urban schools in Kerala, India, constituted the sample. In the intervention, empathy was manipulated through stories and empathy exercises, reflective thinking through thought diaries, and information on environmental phenomena, issues, and the effect of human actions through stories and knowledge exercises. Empathy, reflective thinking, and information manipulations positively influenced the participants’ environmental values and knowledge, and the effect manifested in cognitive, affective, and conative dimensions. The study has implications for conducting Environmental Education indoors effectively by integrating affective, cognitive, and metacognitive approaches. Empathy stories can be utilized to address various environmental phenomena and issues. Reflective thinking on environmental phenomena and issues can be applied to teach appropriate environmental behaviors.

Marital Self-Disclosure Intervention for the Fear of Cancer Recurrence in Chinese Patients With Gastric Cancer: Protocol for a Quasiexperimental Study.

Patients with gastric cancer experience different degrees of fear of cancer recurrence. The fear of cancer recurrence can cause and worsen many physical and psychological problems. We considered the "intimacy and relationship processes in couples' psychosocial adaptation" model. The study aims to examine the effectiveness of a marital self-disclosure intervention for improving the level of fear of cancer recurrence and the dyadic coping ability among gastric cancer survivors and their spouses. This is a quasiexperimental study with a nonequivalent (pretest-posttest) control group design. The study will be conducted at 2 tertiary hospitals in Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province, China. A total of 42 patients with gastric cancer undergoing chemotherapy and their spouses will be recruited from each hospital. Participants from Jingjiang People's Hospital will be assigned to an experimental group, while participants from Taizhou People's Hospital will be assigned to a control group. The participants in the experimental group will be involved in 4 phases of the marital self-disclosure (different topics, face-to-face) intervention. Patients will be evaluated at baseline after a diagnosis of gastric cancer and reassessed 2 to 4 months after baseline. The primary outcome is the score of the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF) for patients. The secondary outcomes are the scores of the FoP-Q-SF for partners and the Dyadic Coping Inventory. Research activities began in October 2022. Participant enrollment and data collection began in February 2023 and are expected to be completed in 12 months. The primary results of this study are anticipated to be announced in June 2024. This study aims to assess a marital self-disclosure intervention for improving the fear of cancer recurrence in Chinese patients with gastric cancer and their spouses. The study is likely to yield desirable positive outcomes as marital self-disclosure is formulated based on evidence and inputs obtained through stakeholder interviews and expert consultation. The study process will be carried out by nurses who have received psychological training, and the quality of the intervention will be strictly controlled. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05606549; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05606549. DERR1-10.2196/55102.

The Effectiveness of Using Cells at Work Anime Media on Students' Learning Outcomes in the Material of Cells in Blood Circulation and Immunity

AbstractIndonesian society can easily access information and media through the internet. One of the animation video media easily accessible to all segments of Indonesian society is Japanese Animation, known as Anime. Anime has various interesting stories, one of which is Hataraku Saibou, which tells the activities of cells in the human body in the form of a narrative. This raises the question of whether anime with themes depicting the lives of working cell characters in the body can be used as a learning media for students to understand the explanation of cell activities in the body in a narrative form in the anime. Research has been conducted on the Hataraku Saibou Anime among the general public. It is said that this anime effectively increases public understanding of the human body system. However, there has been no study on the effectiveness of this anime when used in the learning process for students. Therefore, a study was conducted on Hataraku Saibou Anime, with the research objective of determining the effectiveness of the animation media of Hataraku Saibou anime. The research method used a Non-equivalent Control Group Design, an experimental class research with the treatment of watching Hataraku Saibou anime, and the control class with PowerPoint learning selected under certain conditions. Data was collected using pre-test and post-test question evaluation with validated RPP Instruments. The research results, analyzed by comparing the improvement of experimental and control class scores, were calculated using hypothesis testing with SPSS 21. It was found that using the t-test, the value obtained was 2.087 with a significance of 0.000. The critical value (t-crit) is 1.986. So it can be concluded that t-value is greater than t-crit (2.087 > 1.986). From this result, it can be concluded that the animation media of Hataraku Saibou anime is effective in the material of cells in the bloodstream and immune system.

Augmented reality integrated education game using problem-based learning model to improve critical thinking skills

Limited students' critical thinking skills in learning can be strengthened by using augmented reality technology applications. The main objective of this research is to analyze the problem-based learning model with integrated augmented reality educational games in improving students' critical thinking abilities. This quasi-experimental research used a nonequivalent control group design. The research sample consisted of 60 students from SD Muhammadiyah 09 Surabaya who were selected using purposive sampling. Data was collected by observing the implementation of learning and testing students' critical thinking levels. The data obtained in the research was processed statistically based on research obtained with a significant value of 0.000 < 0.05, confirming that Ho was rejected and H1 was accepted. Thus, the probability value is 0.000 < 0.05, so all coefficients have meaning. Applying the PBL model with integrated augmented reality educational games on critical thinking skills has a significant effect. From the ANOVA test or F-test, Fcount was 45,348 with a significance level of 0.000. This probability is smaller than 0.05, so the learning model to predict the level of participation in learning with a problem-based learning model through educational games integrated with augmented reality influences students' critical thinking skills.

The Effect of SIMAS ERIC Learning Model on Protist Material to Improve Students' Cognitive Learning Outcomes in Class X

Various problems that cause low student learning outcomes are thought to be due to the lack of teacher innovation when teaching in the classroom, the selection of learning models or strategies that do not facilitate students’ awareness and interest in learning, as well as other influencing problems. One of the models that can help teachers train students to plan lessons, monitor the learning process, and evaluate learning outcomes is the Simas Eric learning model with syntax skimming, mind mapping, questioning, exploring, writing, and communicating. This study aimed to determine the effect of the SIMAS ERIC learning model on cognitive learning outcomes of Biology students at SMAN 24 Bandung. This is a quasi-experimental research with a non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group design. The participants in this study were class X MIPA 1 and X MIPA 3 students at SMAN 24 Bandung. Data were collected through the results of observations of students’ cognitive learning outcomes. Data analysis was done using the ANOVA technique, which shows the learning outcomes of the SIMAS ERIC model on protist material, affecting the cognitive learning outcomes of Biology students at SMAN 24 Bandung with an average cognitive learning outcome of experimental class students of 84.50%. The average cognitive learning outcome of control class students was 78.50%. The experimental class obtained a higher average cognitive learning outcome than the control class. The benefit of this research is that it can determine the effect of the Simas Eric model based on students’ cognitive learning outcomes. Keywords: SIMAS ERIC learning model, protist material, cognitive learning outcomes

Effectiveness of Cooperative Problem Solving on Energy Concept in Physics Learning for Improving Students' Creative Thinking Skills

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the cooperative problem solving learning model in improving students’ creative thinking skills on the concept of energy. The research method used is a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design. The research was conducted at Garut. The research population were students of class X MIA 1-10. The sampling technique used was cluster random sampling. A total of 60 students of class X MIA 1 and 9 were selected, (41 female and 19 male). Students’ creative thinking ability is obtained from pretest and posttest in the form of an essay test of 12 questions. The improvement of each student’s creative thinking skills (Torrance) indicators to the concept of energy was obtained from the calculation of N-Gain with the values of smoothness (0.85), flexibility (0.56), and elaboration (0.72). The effectiveness of the learning model was tested using t-test hypothesis with the assistance of the SPSS version 28 proving that there is an increase in creative thinking skills after the implementation of cooperative problem-solving learning model on energy concept. Thus, the cooperative problemsolving learning model is very effective to be used as a solution in improving students’ creative thinking skills. Keywords: cooperative problem solving, energy concept, creative thinking skills

Effectiveness of the Scientifically based Flipped Classroom Model to Increase Students' Critical Thinking Ability

In fact, the physics learning process in senior high schools does not encourage students to think critically, resulting in low learning outcomes. This research aims to test the effectiveness of a scientific-based flipped class model to enhance students' critical thinking abilities. The research method used is a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental design, specifically nonequivalent pre-test post-test control group design. The population of this study consists of all tenth-grade science classes at Kutacane State Senior High School 3, and the sampling technique used is total sampling, where tenth-grade science class I serves as the experimental group, while the tenth-grade science class II serves as the control group. The instruments used are observation sheets, tests, and questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the N-Gain test, the classical completeness test, and student response analysis. The results of the study showed that critical thinking skills, as measured by both the classical completeness test and N-Gain test, improved in both classes, with the experimental class showing a high gain index category, while the control class showed a moderate gain index category. Learning using a scientific-based flipped class model is effective in enhancing students' critical thinking abilities because it can facilitate students in accessing the provided learning materials.

Improving Observation, Experiment Planning, and Communication Skills Based on the STEM Approach

Physics learning needs to emphasize science process skills (KPS) in students. In fact, from the results of a case study conducted at SMAN 2 Banda Aceh, it was found that the LKPD used by teachers was still conventional and there were no aspects of KPS. The purpose of this study was to determine the results of the application of physics LKPD based on the STEM approach in improving the KPS of high school students. This study used a quantitative approach of experimental type Non-Equivalent Control Group Design. The samples used in this study were X4 and X6 class students totaling seventy people taken by purposive sampling. The instrument in this study was the KPS test. Data analysis of this study used the average test, N-gain test and t-test. The results showed the average value of the experimental class KPS N-gain of 0.70 was in the high category and the control class N-gain of 0.63 was in the medium category. Based on the results of the t-test, it can be concluded that there are differences in the improvement of students' KPS in physics learning taught with the STEM approach and those taught using the direct learning model.

Effect of Systematic Desensitization on Anxiety and Achievement of Nigerian Secondary School Students in Mathematics

This study investigates the impact of systematic desensitization (SD) on mathematics anxiety and achievement among Nigerian secondary school students. Employing a quasi-experimental design with a pretest and post-test nonequivalent control group design, we selected 120 students (58 boys, 62 girls) from a pool of 3390 senior class one students using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Assessment tools included the Mathematics Achievement Test and Mathematics Anxiety Scale. The six-week intervention demonstrated significant results with moderate effect sizes, revealing that SD significantly reduced mathematics anxiety (F[1,115] = 86.66, p < .001) and enhanced academic achievement (F[1,115] = 92.458, p < .001). Gender showed no substantial influence on mathematics anxiety (F[1,115] = .365, p = .547) or achievement under SD treatment (F[1,115] = .006, p = .937). This study underscores the effectiveness of SD in reducing mathematics anxiety and improving mathematics performance among Nigerian students.

The Contribution of Using Cooperative Learning Methods on Students’ Achievement and Retention in Secondary Schools during Chemistry Lesson

This investigation was made necessary as a result of the inconsistently poor achievement that secondary school students have repeatedly achieved on chemistry exams in Nekemte Administration Town throughout the years. These poor results can be credited with the reality that the majority of secondary school teachers use ineffective teaching strategies that do not encourage students’ active learning through involvement. Therefore, this investigation examined the contribution of cooperative learning on high school students’ chemistry achievement and retention. Quasi-experimental research with a pretest–posttest nonequivalent control group design was adopted. One hundred twenty-eight students were involved, drawn from two intact classes in two different schools. A reliability value of 0.89 for the chemistry achievement test was employed. The findings of this investigation demonstrated a significant difference between students instructed through cooperative learning and students instructed using lecture-based teaching in terms of their chemistry achievement and retention (t (126) = 5.544, p&lt;0.001) and (t (126) = 4.167, p&lt;0.001), respectively. Pretest, posttest, and retention test results of the treatment group showed a significant difference that favors the posttest (r = 0.91, p&lt;0.001) and retention test (r = 0.81, p&lt;0.001). Gender differences did not exist in chemistry achievement (t (62) = −1.243, p&lt;0.001) and retention (t (62) = −1.036, p&lt;0.001).

Effect of Gender on Office Technology and Management (OTM) Students’ Academic Achievement and Retention in Record Management in Polytechnics in Anambra State, Nigeria

The study determined the effect of gender on office technology and management (OTM) students’ academic achievement and retention in record management in polytechnics in Anambra State, Nigeria. The study was quasi-experimental research which specifically used the pretest, posttest nonequivalent control group design. The population of the study was 6,213 Ordinary National Diploma (OND) and Higher National Diploma (HND) offering OTM in Federal Polytechnic Oko, Anambra State and the sample size was 347 OTM students. The instrument for data collection was Record Management Achievement Test (RMAT) extracted from second year OND AND HND past questions from 2019-2023. RMAT was administered to OTM students in both experimental and control groups. Test-retest method was used to establish the reliability of the instrument and data were analyzed with Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient which yielded 0.86. Mean was used to answer the research questions while analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the hypotheses. The SPSS version 21.0 was used for analysis. Findings revealed that male performed better than their female counterparts in record management and also there is no statistically significant difference on the pretest and posttest mean retention scores of male and female office technology and management students’ in record management. Based on the results and discussions of the findings of the study, the researchers are pertinent that students’ academic achievements in record management are not influenced by gender. It was therefore recommended among others, that record management teachers should endeavor to give female and male students equal opportunities in the classroom.

IMPLEMENTATION OF MIND MAPPING-BASED DISCOVERY LEARNING MODEL IN ONLINE LEARNING ON COLLOID MATERIALS

Research has been conducted on the implementation of the discovery learning model based on mind mapping in online learning on colloid materials. This study aims to determine the difference in knowledge learning outcomes, attitudes, and student responses to the discovery learning model based on mind mapping in online learning on colloid materials. The method used is a quasi-experiment using a "non-equivalent control group design" design. The research sample was students of class XI MIA 1 as the experimental class and class XI MIA 2 as the control class at MAN 2 Tabalong. Data collection used test and non-test techniques. Data analysis techniques used descriptive analysis and inferential analysis. The results showed (1) there was a significant difference in knowledge learning outcomes between the experimental class and the control class where the t-value &gt; t-table (α = 0.05) with an average value for the experimental class of 86.67 with an average N-gain value of 0.74, while for the control class it was 77.56 with an average N-gain value of 0.60, (2) the attitudes of students' learning outcomes had different average values where in the experimental class it was 78.59 higher than the control class which was 72.30, (3) student responses to the discovery learning model based on mind mapping in online learning on colloid materials were in the good category.

IMPLEMENTATION OF SCAFFOLDING STRATEGY TO IMPROVE CHEMICAL LITERATION CAPABILITIES AND SELF-EFFICACY THROUGH USE OF THE PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING MODEL AT COLLOID MATERIAL

The scaffolding strategy is designed to address difficulties in understanding materials. By using scaffolding, it is possible to improve chemical literacy and self-efficacy. The teaching of colloidal material has not represented abstract material adequately. Therefore, to enhance chemical literacy and self-efficacy, a student-centered learning model is needed, namely the problem-based learning (PBL) model. This study aims to determine the differences in chemical literacy and self-efficacy in the scaffolding strategy with the PBL model, the relationship between chemical literacy and self-efficacy, and student responses to the scaffolding strategy with the PBL model.The research method used was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design. Purposive sampling was employed for sample selection. The study used descriptive and inferential analysis, comparing dependent variables in the experimental class using the scaffolding strategy with the PBL model and the control class using the PBL model, with a sample of 73 students.The results indicate a significant difference in chemical literacy and self-efficacy between the scaffolding strategy with the PBL model and a positive response from students in terms of chemical literacy and self-efficacy after treatment. The Pearson correlation (rxy) between chemical literacy and self-efficacy was 0.674, indicating a strong correlation. The R2 value was 0.454, meaning that self-efficacy contributes 45.4% to chemical literacy. Students showed a positive response to the scaffolding strategy with the PBL model compared to without the scaffolding strategy. Therefore, the implementation of the scaffolding strategy with the PBL model can enhance chemical literacy and self-efficacy by providing students with assistance in understanding materials and problem-solving. The application of the scaffolding model in PBL activities should be modified using supportive media with characteristics similar to those in this study.

Science, Environment, Technology And Society (SETS) to Improve Cognitive Science Learning Outcomes for Elementary School Students

This research aims to determine the difference in the average increase in students' cognitive learning outcomes in science subjects using the Science, Environment, Technology and Society (SETS) approach and the conventional approach. This research uses a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group design. The population of this research is all fifth grade students from one of the elementary schools in Bandung Regency for the 2023/2024 academic year. The research population was 22 experimental class students and 24 control class students. Data collection through descriptive tests in the form of pretest and posttest. The test instrument in this research was developed by applying expert judgment. Data analyzed using the t test shows that the t value = 9.003 and the sig value. (2-tailed) = 0.000 &lt; 0.05 then 𝐻0 is rejected. This means that there is a difference in the average increase in cognitive learning outcomes for class V students in science subjects using the SETS approach and the conventional approach. The average N-Gain value of the control class is 0.079 with medium criteria. Meanwhile, the experimental class is 0.530 with medium criteria. So it can be concluded that this research uses cognitive learning outcomes. The Science, Environment, Technology, Society (SETS) approach is an alternative for Natural Sciences (IPA) subjects that makes it easier for students to develop learning outcomes.

The Influence of Jasmine Aromatherapy on the Sleep Quality of Stroke Patients at Bogor Hospital in 2023

Introduction: Stroke results in ongoing cognitive impairments that lead to increased blood pressure, heart attacks, and psychological issues such as depression and sleep quality disorders. The impact of untreated sleep quality disorders can hinder the rehabilitation or recovery process. The sleep quality issues experienced by stroke patients can be addressed through both pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies, including the use of complementary therapy such as jasmine aromatherapy. Objective: To determine the effect of jasmine aromatherapy on the sleep quality of stroke patients. Methode: The design or type of research used in this study is experimental research. It employs a Non-Equivalent Control Group or Non-Randomized Control Group Pretest-Posttest design. Results: Research was conducted on 36 samples in the intervention group that were given jasmine aromaterapy . The effect size was 2,36 and in the control group the p value was found to be 0,058 with an effect size of 0,491. Conclusion: There is an effect before and after the administration of jasmine aromatherapy.