Non-enzymatic Glucose Detection Research Articles

Au nanoparticles modified CuO nanowire electrode based non-enzymatic glucose detection with improved linearity

This paper explores gold nanoparticle (GNP) modified copper oxide nanowires(CuO NWs)based electrode grown on copper foil for non-enzymatic glucose detection in a wide linear ranging up to 31.06 mM, and 44.36 mM at 0.5 M NaOH and 1 M NaOH concentrations. The proposed electrode can be used to detect a very low glucose concentration of 0.3 µM with a high linearity range of 44.36mM and sensitivity of 1591.44 µA mM−1 cm−2. The electrode is fabricated by first synthesizing Cu (OH)2 NWs on a copper foil by chemical etching method and then heat treatment is performed to convert Cu (OH)2 NWs into CuO NWs. The GNPs are deposited on CuO NWs to enhance the effective surface-to-volume ratio of the electrode with improved catalytic activity. The surface morphology has been investigated by XRD, XPS, FE-SEM and HR-TEM analysis. The proposed sensor is expected to detect low-level of glucose in urine, and saliva. At the same time, it can also be used to measure extremely high sugar levels (i.e. hyperglycemia) of ~ 806.5454 mg/dl. The proposed sensor is also capable of detecting glucose after multiple bending of the GNP modified CuO NWs electrode. The proposed device is also used to detect the blood sugar level in human being and it is found that this sensor’s result is highly accurate and reliable.

Tunable electrochemical synthesis of 3D nucleated microparticles like Cu-BTC MOF-carbon nanotubes composite: Enzyme free ultrasensitive determination of glucose in a complex biological fluid

The present study describes the fabrication of 3D nucleated microparticles like Cu-MOF (MPsLCu-MOF)-SWCNTs composite on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by electrodeposition and applied as a sensor for the sensitive determination of glucose in human saliva samples. First, SWCNTs were deposited on GCE by potential cycling between 0.0 V to -1.0 V and then, Cu-MOF was electrodeposited on SWCNTs modified GCE using a ligand, 1,3,5-benzene tricarboxylic acid (BTC), triethylamine hydrochloride and copper salt. The SEM studies showed the formation of MPsLCu-MOF on SWCNTs as well as on bare GCE with 1 μm size. The impedance studies showed that the heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant of [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- was higher at SWCNTs-MPsLCu-MOF than bare GCE and SWCNTs and MPsLCu-MOF modified GCEs. Then, the composite electrode was utilized for non-enzymatic detection of glucose. The SWCNTs-MPsLCu-MOF modified electrode showed a well-defined sharp oxidation peak at 0.45 V with enhanced current than bare GCE and SWCNTs and MPsLCu-MOF modified GCEs. As the concentration of glucose increases from 10-160 × 10-6 M, the oxidation current also increases without shifting its oxidation potential. The present composite modified electrode was also used to determine glucose in the linear range of 20 × 10-9 M to 80 × 10-6 M by amperometry with a LOD of 1.72 × 10-9 M (S/N=3) and a superior sensitivity of 573 μA mM−1 cm−2. Finally, the composite fabricated electrode was exploited for real-time analysis of glucose in human saliva samples and satisfactory results were obtained.

Preparation of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (NCQDs) and application for non-enzymatic detection of glucose

A hydrothermal method was used for the preparation four kinds of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (NCQDs) by using citric acid as the carbon source and ethylenediamine (EDA), urea (U), melamine (MA) and ammonia solution (AS) as the nitrogen source, respectively. The NCQDs were characterized by TEM, FT-IR and XPS, and the optical properties were studied by UV–vis and fluorescence spectra. It is found that the NCQDs(AS) from ammonia solution (AS) as nitrogen source are uniform size spherical nanoparticles and have prominent optical properties. Influencing factors including solution acidity, interfering substances, Ag+ ions concentration and glucose concentration on the detection of glucose are taken into account. In the presence of Ag+ ions, the fluorescence of NCQDs(AS) in aqueous solution was severely quenched due to the surface energy transfer from NCQDs(AS) to Ag+ ions. In weakly alkaline condition, the detected glucose is oxidized to gluconic acid and Ag+ ions are reduced to Ag in aqueous solution at 60 °C. Thereby, the abscission of Ag+ ions from the surface of NCQDs(AS) results in the fluorescence recovery of NCQDs(AS). The glucose can be analyzed quantitatively by NCQDs(AS) in the presence of Ag+ ions with a wide linear region (0.1 μM–1000 μM) and low limit of detection (LOD) (0.375 μM). Also, the selectivity and anti-interference ability experiment of the NCQDs(AS) in the presence of Ag+ ions for glucose detection were discussed. In addition, cytotoxicity and cell imaging experiments of NCQDs(AS) were researched. Overall, the prepared NCQDs(AS) are expected to be widely used in different biological research fields.

Construction of highly efficient non-enzymatic glucose sensors based on micro-spherical Ni-metal-organic frameworks

The Ni-metal-organic frameworks microspheres (Ni-BTC) were prepared and used directly to construct non-enzymatic glucose sensors. The Ni-BTC sensors displayed much higher glucose sensing performance than that of Ni-MOFs derived NiO, which showed wide detection regions of 5–3000[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M and 3500–6000[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M with the sensitivity of 932.68[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]A[Formula: see text]mM[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] and 273.04[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]A[Formula: see text]mM[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text], respectively. Moreover, it also displayed good selectivity and favorable sensing feasibility for serum analysis. The high performance of the non-enzymatic glucose detection on Ni-BTC may be due to the highly efficient charge transfers during the electrocatalytic glucose oxidation process.

Effect of different copper sources on the morphology of cuprous oxide and its application as a non-enzymatic glucose sensor

Herein, Cu2O with different morphology were successfully synthesized by simply adjusting the copper sources via a seed-medium process. Cu2O cubes with uniform size and stacked octahedrons (stacked by the self-assembly of cubic Cu2O) were obtained. The growth mechanism of cubes and stacked octahedrons were studied and applied to non-enzymatic glucose detection. The obtained electrode exhibited excellent capability toward the glucose oxidation. The S-Cu2O modified electrode showed the highest sensitivity of 2864 μA m·M−1 cm-2, the N-Cu2O modified electrode exhibited the widest linear range of 0.05–7.65 mM and the lowest LOD of 0.5 μM. Meanwhile all the samples showed fast response time. The S-Cu2O and N-Cu2O modified electrode also exhibited good selectivity and stability. Thanks to these obvious advantages, the modified electrodes have a promising prospect in practical applications.

Rapid microwave-assisted hydrothermal green synthesis of rGO/NiO nanocomposite for glucose detection in diabetes

Diabetes is one of the fastest growing diseases worldwide that can lead to dangerous complications. Therefore, the demand for the development of optimal glucose sensors has increased for diabetes disease management. In this study, a non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on a reduced graphene oxide and nickel oxide (rGO/NiO) nanocomposite was developed. This novel rGO/NiO nanocomposite was synthesized using a facile and rapid green economic microwave-assisted hydrothermal method in the absence and presence of organic/reducing agents and subcritical water, respectively. The morphology and composition of the as-prepared rGO/NiO nanocomposite were characterized via X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical performance of the rGO/NiO-modified electrode was examined by cyclic and square wave voltammetric techniques under optimal conditions. The results indicated that the developed rGO/NiO electrode exhibited a good performance toward glucose detection in 0.1 M NaOH alkaline solution with two linear electrochemical responses to glucose ranging from 20 μM to 80μM and from 1mM to 15 mM. Moreover, the detection limit was 19.35 μM ([S/N] = 3). The fabricated sensor was also investigated for the detection of glucose in the presence of common interfering species. Thus, the sensor exhibited good sensitivity and selectivity and was repeatable, stable, and economical for non-enzymatic glucose detection. Additionally, the proposed sensor was successfully applied for glucose detection in human serum samples with satisfactory recoveries.

Highly sensitive and reusable Cu+2/polyaniline/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite ink-based non-enzymatic glucose sensor

The present work focuses on the preparation and characterizations of a highly sensitive, reusable, linear, anti-interferent, and low-cost Cu+2/polyaniline (PANI)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite ink-based non-enzymatic glucose (NEG) sensor. The synergistic properties of Cu+2/PANI and rGO result in a large number of electrochemically active and stable sites which catalytically favored the glucose oxidation. The crystal structure and morphology of PANI, Cu+2/PANI composite, and Cu+2/PANI/rGO nanocomposite ink encouraged the usefulness of Cu+2/PANI/rGO nanocomposite ink as an electrocatalyst in NEG detection. A NEG sensor was prepared by drop coating Cu+2/PANI/rGO nanocomposite ink on a low-cost patterned FR4 electrode. The cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry tests were performed to estimate the electrochemical behavior of prepared Cu+2/PANI/rGO/FR4 NEG sensor. The electrooxidation of glucose was achieved at an applied potential of 0.66 V. An anti-interferent Cu+2/PANI/rGO/FR4 NEG sensor demonstrated a linear response in two different glucose concentration regimes 2.8–22.2 µM and 0–4 mM with current sensitivity of 4168.37 μA mM−1 cm−2 and 525.4 μA mM−1 cm−2, respectively. The prepared sensor displayed a limit of detection (LOD) of 4.93 µM with a response time of < 5 s. The excellent performance parameters of the Cu+2/PANI/rGO/FR4 NEG sensor recommend its relevance in human serum samples. These values of operating voltage, current sensitivity, linear range, LOD and anti-interference ability promise its usefulness in practical applications.

Performance of polybithiophene-palladium particles modified electrode for non-enzymatic glucose detection

This work describes preparation of an electrochemical sensor based on composites of polybithiophene (PBTh) and palladium (Pd) microparticles, designed for the detection of glucose under alkaline conditions. The preparation method involved two-separated steps: First, the PBTh film was grown on an indium tin oxide substrate by oxidative polymerization of bithiophene in acetonitrile/lithium perchlorate electrolyte solution using cyclic voltammetry method. Second, Pd particles were electrodeposited on PBTh/ITO surface from a separate aqueous solution by chronoamperometry technique. The prepared Pd-PBTh/ITO sensor gives a linear response range from 0.04 to 0.4 mM with a sensitivity of 5.62 mA/mM cm2 and a detection limit of 7 μM. In addition, the sensor showed good selectivity to the target element and high stability.

Co(OH)2 nanosheets decorated Cu(OH)2 nanorods for highly sensitive nonenzymatic detection of glucose

Co(OH)2 nanosheets/Cu(OH)2 nanorods composite electrodes for non-enzymatic glucose detection were fabricated by electrodepositing Co(OH)2 nanosheets on Cu(OH)2 nanorods substrate grown directly on the copper sheet via a simple one-step reaction. The Co(OH)2 nanosheets/Cu(OH)2 nanorods composite electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The glucose sensing performance of the composite electrode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The composite electrode shows high sensitivity of 2366 µA mM−1 cm−2 up to 2 mM with a lower detection limit of 0.17 mM (S/N = 3). The composite electrode is highly selective to glucose in the presence of various substances that always co-exist with glucose in real blood samples. The response of the composite towards human blood serum was in good agreement with that of commercially available glucose sensors, suggesting that a promising electrode material for highly sensitive and selective non enzymatic detection of glucose can be envisioned.

Efficient Nonenzymatic Sensors Based on Ni-MOF Microspheres Decorated with Au Nanoparticles for Glucose Detection

Au nanoparticles were decorated on Ni-based metal–organic frameworks to improve their electrochemical performance for nonenzymatic glucose detection through a convenient and fast microwave-assisted process. Various techniques including scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray mapping and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the Au@Ni-BTC composites. The results revealed that Au nanoparticles were uniformly deposited on the Ni-BTC microspheres. The constructed Au@Ni-BTC sensors showed highly increased glucose detection performance with a wide linear range (5–7400 μM), high sensitivity (1447.1 μA mM−1 cm−2) and low detection limit (1.5 μM). Moreover, they also exhibited good selectivity and preferable feasibility for serum sample analysis. The improved glucose sensing performance may be due to the synergistic effects of Au nanoparticles and Ni-BTC, which facilitated faster charge transfer in the electrochemical process. The study of Au@Ni-BTC may also provide a promising material for constructing highly efficient nonenzymatic glucose sensors.

Photoelectrochemical Bioanalyte Sensor Based on Engineered One-Dimensional Nanostructured Oxide

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) non-enzymatic sensing systems are beneficial for the detection of low concentrations of biological molecules. Among different potential nanostructured materials, one dimensional TiO2 and ZnO nanorods are promising semi-conductor which can be successfully applied in many photoelectrochemical applications, mainly due to their photoactive properties, and long-term stability. In spite of their advantages, the wide band gap of 1D TiO2 and ZnO along with their high recombination rate confine their applications dramatically. These properties, prevent 1D TiO2 and ZnO from absorbing visible light; therefore, the semiconductor is only photoactive in the UV range. Here, we describe novel non-enzymatic sunlight-driven PEC sensors based on a modified 1D TiO2 nanorod array with cocatalyst and 1D ZnO core-shell structure for the aim of improved PEC non-enzymatic detection of glucose and H2O2, respectively. The 1D TiO2 and ZnO nanorods array were prepared through facile hydrothermal at and electrodeposition methods, respectively. The modified electrodes were characterized through FESEM, HRTEM, XRD, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The novel 1D TiO2 and 1D ZnO@TiO2 core shell electrodes exhibited enhanced PEC sensing properties with a low limit of detection and a high sensitivity, over a linear range of 0.1 – 1000 nM of glucose and 1 pM-100 mM of H2O2 in PBS. Additionally, the sensor displayed high selectivity, high stability, and high reproducibility. Overall, our engineered PEC sensor demonstrated ultrasensitive detection of glucose and H2O2 and a capable platform for continued development into the field of PEC non-enzymatic sensors.

Seed-mediated Electrochemically Developed Au Nanostructures with Boosted Sensing Properties: An Implication for Non-enzymatic Glucose Detection

A new approach has been developed to improve sensing performances of electrochemically grown Au nanostructures (AuNSs) based on the pre-seeding of the electrode. The pre-seeding modification is simply carried out by vacuum thermal deposition of 5 nm thin film of Au on the substrate followed by thermal annealing at 500 °C. The electrochemical growth of AuNSs on the pre-seeded substrates leads to impressive electrochemical responses of the electrode owing to the seeding modification. The dependence of the morphology and the electrochemical properties of the AuNSs on various deposition potentials and times have been investigated. For the positive potentials, the pre-seeding leads to the growth of porous and hole-possess networks of AuNSs on the surface. For the negative potentials, AuNSs with carved stone ball shapes are produced. The superior electrode was achieved from AuNSs developed at 0.1 V for 900 s with pre-seeding modification. The sensing properties of the superior electrode toward glucose detection show a high sensitivity of 184.9 µA mM−1 cm−2, with a remarkable detection limit of 0.32 µM and a wide range of linearity. The excellent selectivity and reproducibility of the sensors propose the current approach as a large-scale production route for non-enzymatic glucose detection.

Design of a New Non‐enzymatic Sensor Based on a Substituted A2BO4+δ Perovskite for the Voltammetric Detection of Glucose

AbstractInstant determination of glucose levels is necessary to monitor the treatment of diabetes. The next generation of electrochemical sensors aims to eliminate the use of enzymes because of their lack of stability and the complex procedure to immobilize them on the electrode. In this paper Pr1.92Ba0.08Ni0.95Zn0.05O4+δ perovskite, a A2BO4+δ type, was tested, for the first time for non enzymatic detection of glucose. It was synthesized by a sol‐gel method. The obtained crystallized powder was structurally characterized by XRD, morphologically characterized by SEM and EDX and electrochemically characterized. A monoclinic crystallographic system was formed. The presence of Pr2O3 during synthesis and calcination is in agreement with the formation of defects in the crystalline network and the disproportionation of NiIII sites into NiII and NiIV, due to the substitution of Pr by Ba. The oxido‐reduction of NiII sites is observed by cyclic voltammetry. The electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose through the electrooxidized NiII site was observed on a gold electrode, at 481 mV. The analytical performance of this glucose sensor is good in comparison to previously published ABO3 perovskite modified electrodes, in terms of dynamic range (1.5 μM–7000 μM) and detection limit (0.5 μM). Its application to human serum shows that there is no interference for glucose detection.

Multicore–Shell Ag–CuO networked with CuO nanorods for enhanced non-enzymatic glucose detection

This article describes a non-enzymatic electrocatalyst with high sensitivity and selectivity towards glucose. The electrocatalyst is based on a multicore–shell Ag–CuO nanocomposite networked with CuO nanorods. The composition of Ag–CuO plays a critical role in the formation of the unique network-like structure of Ag–CuO as well as in its electrocatalytic and sensing effects towards glucose. The electrocatalytic activity of CuO towards glucose was drastically improved by the incorporation of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) into the CuO nanostructures, which was accompanied by a substantial decrease in the charge transfer resistance (as confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopic analysis). Among the different Ag–CuO composites prepared by varying the Ag-to-Cu atomic ratio, Ag–CuO(1:2.5) exhibited the best electrocatalytic activity towards glucose. The limit of detection and sensitivity of the Ag–CuO(1:2.5)-modified electrode were calculated to be 5 μM and 150.17 μA mM−1 cm−2, respectively, with a wide glucose detection range from 5 μM to 30 mM. Furthermore, the Ag–CuO(1:2.5) electrode exhibited excellent selectivity towards glucose in the presence of typical interfering agents (i.e., ascorbic acid, uric acid, dopamine, sucrose and NaCl) in blood. The Ag–CuO(1:2.5)-modified electrode further showed excellent reproducibility (relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.9 %) and repeatability.

Copper columnar nanostructures fabricated by glancing angle deposition as a robust and scalable method for high sensitive non-enzymatic glucose detection

In this work, we have proposed a proper method to fabricate porous Cu nanostructured electrodes for non-enzymatic glucose detection. The glancing angle deposition (GLAD) has been used to produce Cu nanostructures on the FTO substrates. To optimize the sensing performance of the electrode, the effects of vapor deposition angle and azimuthal substrate rotation speed have been investigated. As a result, the superior electrocatalitic activity is obtained under the deposition angle of θ = 82° and the substrate rotation speed ofφ̇ = 20 rpm, respectively. By controlling the GLAD deposition parameters, an excellent sensing performance against glucose with a high sensitivity of 1862 μAcm−2 mM−1, a low detection limit of 0.048 μM and two wide linear ranges of detection of 10 μM–2 mM and 2–8 mM have been achieved at the applied potential of 0.5 V. Considering the high selectivity, excellent reproducibility and accurate measuring of the glucose levels in human serums, the proposed Cu-based sensor has a remarkable potential for large-scale production as a non-enzymatic glucometer.

Fabrication of NiMn2O4 nanosheets on reduced graphene oxide for non-enzymatic detection of glucose

ABSTRACT A distinctive hierarchical hybrid nanostructure which consists of the ultrathin and vertical NiMn2O4 nanosheets grown on reduced graphene oxide (NiMn2O4 NSs@rGO) is synthesised as a non-enzyme glucose sensor by a simple co-precipitation and hydrothermal procedure. The structures and morphologies of the NiMn2O4 NSs@rGO nanocomposites are investigated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Cyclic voltammetry and amperometry measurement are applied to analyse the glucose sensing characteristics of NiMn2O4 NSs@rGO. The obtained NiMn2O4 NSs@rGO sensor exhibits two wide linear ranges of 0.001 mM-1 mM and 1 mM-3.5 mM with high sensitivity of 2615.2μAmM−1 cm−2 and 294.8μAmM−1 cm−2, which is much better than other Ni-based and Mn-based glucose sensors. In addition, the NiMn2O4 NSs@rGO nanocomposites have excellent anti-interference and stability. Moreover, the constructed sensor is viable in the analysis of real serum samples, which makes it become a medically dependable non-enzymatic glucose sensor with great possibility.

Highly sensitive photoelectrochemical detection of glucose based on BiOBr/TiO2 nanotube array p-n heterojunction nanocomposites

Well-crystallized TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNTA) were firstly prepared by anodization of titanium foils and subsequent heat treatment. Then BiOBr-TNTA composite electrodes were obtained through vacuum impregnation and chemical precipitation method. The BiOBr-TNTA nanocomposites were used as photoelectrochemical (PEC) electrodes for the detection of glucose. The matched energy levels of TNTA and BiOBr promote the separation of photoelectrons and holes effectively. The preparation conditions (e.g. Bi3+ concentration and TNTA thickness) of the BiOBr-TNTA electrodes and test conditions (e.g. pH value and bias voltage) affect the PEC detection properties significantly. Results show that the composite electrode exhibits the best properties for detecting glucose when the Bi3+ concentration is 10 %, the TNTA thickness is 6.9 μm, the test electrolyte is 0.1 M NaOH and the applied bias voltage is 0.5 V. The BiOBr-TNTA electrode prepared under the optimal conditions has a minimum detection limit of 10 nM (S/N = 3) and a linear range of 5 × 102–3 × 107 nM, which are much superior to the previously-reported PEC electrodes. The optimized BiOBr-TNTA electrode possesses high selectivity, excellent stability and good repeatability in detection of glucose. This work provides a new PEC electrode for non-enzymatic detection of glucose, which can be practically employed in real serum samples.

Three-dimensional Hierarchical Structure NiFe Layered Double Hydroxides Nanosheets Based on Carbon Cloth for High Performance Non-Enzymatic Glucose Detection

Three-dimensional Hierarchical Structure NiFe Layered Double Hydroxides Nanosheets Based on Carbon Cloth for High Performance Non-Enzymatic Glucose Detection

A facile and sensitive electrochemical sensor for non-enzymatic glucose detection based on three-dimensional flexible polyurethane sponge decorated with nickel hydroxide

A novel three-dimensional nickel hydroxide/polyurethane (Ni(OH)2/PU) electrode was prepared by a simple and environmentally friendly method and used for non-enzymatic detection of glucose. The Ni(OH)2/PU electrode was obtained by one-pot hydrothermal method of loading nickel hydroxide on a cheap, easily available and flexible polyurethane sponge, which is facile and energy-saving. The porous structure of the polyurethane sponge provides a large surface area and a rich electrochemical active site for the electrode, which is beneficial to the oxidation reaction of glucose on the surface of the electrode with Ni(OH)2. The Ni(OH)2/PU electrode structure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The cyclic voltammetry test was used to study the catalytic performance of Ni(OH)2/PU electrode for oxidation of glucose and the chronoamperometry was used to investigate the detection performance of Ni(OH)2/PU electrode on glucose. The results indicate that this non-enzymatic glucose sensor had a high sensitivity of 2845 μA mM−1 cm−2, a low detection limit of 0.32 μM (S/N = 3), a detection range of 0.01–2.06 mM and response time of less than 5 s. In addition, the Ni(OH)2/PU electrode had excellent selectivity, reproducibility and stability and also exhibited effective detection of glucose in fetal bovine serum (FBS). In summary, Ni(OH)2/PU electrode had broad prospects as an excellent candidate for non-enzymatic glucose sensors. The study also opens up a facile and energy-saving approach for preparing three-dimensional (3D) functionalized polymer electrode via hydrothermal method as electrochemical sensors.

Well-dispersed poly(cysteine)-Ni(OH)2 nanocomposites on graphene-modified electrode surface for highly sensitive non-enzymatic glucose detection

A kind of nickel-based nanomaterial was prepared and its application in the highly sensitive non-enzymatic glucose detection was realized in this article. Cyclic voltammetric scan generated the well-dispersed poly(cysteine)-Ni(OH)2 nanocomposites, which were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, on the grephene-modified electrode surface. In strong alkaline medium, this Ni-based nanomaterial showed a good electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of glucose. The current change during the chronoamperometric measurement showed a linear dependence on the glucose level from 1.0 μM to 0.10 mM and that from 0.20 mM to 2.0 mM, with a detection limit of 0.35 μM and a sensitivity of 1092 μA mM−1 cm-2. The fast response time, good selectivity, satisfactory reproducibility, excellent repeatability, high stability and the successful application in the determination of blood glucose demonstrated the excellent performance of the fabricated sensor. The analysis on cell lysate reveals the high-glucose medium could induce the enhancement of glucose content in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and this glucose accumulation in these cells was one of important reasons for the cell injury.