Nondiabetic Women Research Articles

Metformin prevents age-associated ovarian fibrosis by modulating the immune landscape in female mice.

Ovarian fibrosis is a pathological condition associated with aging and is responsible for a variety of ovarian dysfunctions. Given the known contributions of tissue fibrosis to tumorigenesis, it is anticipated that ovarian fibrosis may contribute to ovarian cancer risk. We recently reported that diabetic postmenopausal women using metformin had ovarian collagen abundance and organization that were similar to premenopausal ovaries from nondiabetic women. In this study, we investigated the effects of aging and metformin on mouse ovarian fibrosis at a single-cell level. We discovered that metformin treatment prevented age-associated ovarian fibrosis by modulating the proportion of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and immune cells. Senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)-producing fibroblasts increased in aged ovaries, and a unique metformin-responsive subpopulation of macrophages emerged in aged mice treated with metformin. The results demonstrate that metformin can modulate specific populations of immune cells and fibroblasts to prevent age-associated ovarian fibrosis and offers a new strategy to prevent ovarian fibrosis.

A COHORT STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN THIRD-TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY

Background: Diabetes is the most common cause of pregnancy morbidity, and a sedentary lifestyle and family history are the most common contributing factors. Maternal diabetes is linked to poor maternal and newborn outcomes. The goal of this study is to predict the outcomes for both the mother and the fetus in cases of pre-existing type 2 diabetes during the third trimester of pregnancy. Methods: A tertiary care facility in Central India was studied retrospectively. The research was conducted from March 3, 2022, to May 3, 2022. Women with FBS >126 mg/dl and an HbA1c >6.5 were classified as diabetic, those with FBS between 100 and 125 mg/dl and an HbA1c between 5.7 and 6.4 as pre-diabetic, and those with FBS 100 mg/dl and an HbA1c less than 5.6 as non-diabetic. Prenatal outcomes were assessed for both women and newborns. All of the data was processed using SPSS version 21.0 for Windows (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results: The study evaluated 190 (33.9%) diabetic and 370 (66.07%) non-diabetic women. In the two groups, adverse maternal outcomes were calculated. In diabetic women, gestational hypertension (68% vs. 25% p: <0.0001), preeclampsia (69% vs. 25% p: <0.0001), antepartum hemorrhage(22% vs. 09% p: =0.0001), postpartum hemorrhage(89% vs. 217% p: <0.0001), prolonged/obstructed labor(54% vs. 20% p: <0.0001), urgent induction of labor(44% vs. 2% p: <0.0001), and urgent caesarean section (CS) (69% vs. 29% p: 0.0001) were significantly more common as compared to non-diabetic women. Adverse neonatal outcomes such as high birth weight >4kgs(HBW) (79% vs. 29% p: <0.0001), preterm delivery (29% vs. 15% p: <0.0001), stillbirth (11% vs. 3% p: 0.001), and early neonatal death (6% vs. 2% p: 0.0001), congenital heart defects (5% vs. 0.2% p: <0.0001), hypoglycemia in newborn (27% vs. 2% p: 0.001) were associated more with diabetes. We did not establish any reports of maternal mortality during the study. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus type 2 also hurts maternal and fetal outcomes during the third trimester. Proper blood glucose monitoring and effective control through diet, exercise, and medications are required to avoid such adverse outcomes.

The Influence of High Glycosylated Hemoglobin Levels on Obstetrical and Neonatal Results in Diabetic Pregnant Women

Amaç: Diyabet metabolik bir hastalıktır ve gebeliğin en sık görülen komplikasyonudur. Retrospektif olarak yaptığımız bu çalışmada, gestasyonel diyabetes mellitus saptanan gebelerde, HbA1c düzeyleri ile perinatal sonuçlar arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamız, Ocak 2010 ile Aralık 2015 tarihleri arasında, Doğu Anadolu’da referans merkez olan Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi kadın hastalıkları ve doğum polikliniğine başvuran, 22 hafta ve üzerinde gestasyonel diyabetes mellitus tanısı alan, doğumu kliniğimizde gerçekleştirilmiş çalışma grubunun (93 vaka) verilerini, diyabetik olmayan kontrol grubunun (208 vaka) verilerini ve yenidoğan yoğun bakıma yatış verilerini kapsamaktadır.Bulgular: Gestasyonel diyabetes mellitus olan grup; HbA1c düzeyi %6.5 ve üzerinde (37 hasta) ve %6.5’un altında (56 hasta) olan iki alt gruba ayrılarak kontrol grubuyla karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Gestasyonel diyabetes mellitus olan ve olmayan gruplar arasında sırasıyla; yaş, abortus sayısı, ölü doğum sayısı, doğum şekli ve 1. dakika APGAR skoru açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark görülmedi (p>0.05). Gravida, parite ve yaşayan sayısı yönünden anlamlı fark olup (p=0.005, p=0.003), bu farkın nedeni kontrol grubuna göre HbA1c <%6.5 olan gestasyonel diyabetes mellitus grubunun gravida ve paritesinin daha düşük olmasıydı (sırayla p=0.004, p=0.005 ve p=0.020, p=0.007 ve p=0.038). Gebelik haftalarına bakılarak olguların dağılımları incelendiğinde, kontrol grubuna göre HbA1c ≥%6.5 olan gestasyonel diyabetes mellitus grubunda term oranı istatistiksel olarak daha düşük, geç preterm oranı ise daha yüksekti (p<0.001 ve p=0.008). HbA1c <%6.5 olan gestasyonel diyabetes mellitus grubunda bebek doğum ağırlığı daha yüksek (p<0.001), her iki alt grupta makrozomi görülme sıklığı daha yüksek bulundu (p=0.023 ve p=0.005). HbA1c ≥%6.5 olan gestasyonel diyabetes mellitus grubunda yenidoğan yoğun bakım gereksinimi daha fazlaydı (p<0.001).Sonuç: Diyabetik gebelerdeki HbA1c değerleri ile yenidoğan yoğun bakım yatış oranları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmıştır. Bu açıdan bakıldığında, maternal HbA1c seviyesinin yenidoğan yoğun bakıma yatış açısından bir risk faktörü olarak kullanılabileceğini düşünmekteyiz.

Recidiverende hypoglykemie bij een patiënt zonder diabetes mellitus: een casusbespreking

Recurrent hypoglycemia in a patient without diabetes mellitus: a case report Hypoglycemia is an uncommon clinical problem in patients not being treated for diabetes mellitus. The presence of a hypoglycemic disorder in a person without diabetes mellitus should only be suspected in those patients in whom Whipple’s triad is documented. In this case report, the diagnostic exploration of a 79-year-old nondiabetic woman who presented with recurrent deep hypoglycemia, is described. The diagnosis of an insulinoma was established based on extensive laboratory testing (glucose, insulin, C-peptide, beta-hydroxybutyrate, proinsulin and sulfonylurea/meglitinide screening), a provocative fasting test and finally by localizing the tumor by means of magnetic resonance imaging. An insulinoma is a rare pancreatic islet cell tumor which may cause endogenous hyperinsulinism with frequent life-treating hypoglycemia, for which surgical enucleation is considered to be the therapy of choice. This case highlights the challenges endocrinologists face in the differential diagnosis of endogenous hyperinsulinism.

The utility of first trimester plasma glycated CD59 (pGCD59) in predicting gestational diabetes mellitus: A prospective study of non-diabetic pregnant women in Ireland

AimsTo evaluate the ability of first trimester plasma glycated CD59 (pGCD59) to predict gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) at 24–28 weeks of gestation. MethodsProspectively, in 378 pregnant women, GDM was diagnosed using the one step 2 h 75 g oral glucose tolerance test adjudicated by the World Health Organisation (WHO) 2013 criteria. The ability of pGCD59 to predict GDM was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves adjusted for maternal age, body mass index (BMI), maternal ethnicity, parity, previous GDM, family history of diabetes mellitus and week of gestation at time of pGCD59 sampling. ResultspGCD59 generated an adjusted area under the curve (AUC) of (a) 0.63 (95 %CI:0.56–0.70, p < 0.001) for predicting GDM, and (b) 0.71 (95 %CI:0.62–0.79, p < 0.001 for GDM diagnosed with a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥ 5.1 mmol/L. Sensitivity analysis of BMI subgroups showed that pGCD59 generated the highest AUC in the 35 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 40 kg/m2 (AUC:0.85, 95 %CI:0.70–0.98) and BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 (AUC:0.88, 95 %CI:0.63–0.99) categories. ConclusionsEarly in pregnancy, pGCD59 may be a good predictor of GDM in women with a high BMI and a fair predictor of GDM diagnosed by an elevated FPG independent of BMI.

The 'Insertion/Deletion' Polymorphism, rs4340 and Diabetes Risk: A Pilot Study from a Hospital Cohort.

The insertion/deletion, I/D polymorphism, in the gene encoding Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, ACE is a popular genetic marker for cardiovascular disease, CVD. With alarming rise in diabetes, the risk of CVD among Indian subjects is further enhanced. The present study explored the role of ACE I/D polymorphism, rs4340 as a genetic marker and its association with diabetes. Genomic DNA, isolated from a cohort of 410 urban subjects attending our hospital, was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction followed by electrophoresis. Among the subjects, 84 had type-2 diabetes and 68 had hypertension while 258 were free from these risk factors. Majority (57/84) of diabetic subjects were also suffering from hypertension. Genotype frequencies of ACE I/D polymorphism, of diabetic (84) patients were not different from that of non-diabetic subjects (258). In sharp contrast, we found significant differences, in genotype frequencies of women with diabetes (n = 38) compared to non-diabetic women (70). Diabetic women had significantly higher prevalence of the high risk 'D' allele. Analysis of odds ratio, OR revealed that women with 'D/D' genotype, exhibited threefold risk (OR 3.12, 95% CI 1.21-8.05; p = 0.018) of diabetes, in the recessive model (D/D vs I/I + I/D). Further when we analysed Odds ratio of diabetic women (8) who were free from hypertension, the results revealed even a greater, 6- fold (OR 6.0, 95% CI 1.29-27.96, p = 0.027) risk of diabetes for D/D homozygous women (D/D vs I/I + I/D). These results suggest 'sex-specific' association of ACE 'I/D' polymorphism, with type-2 diabetes, affecting women while there was no influence observed among men. In view of the increased cardiovascular mortality among Indians, data from our pilot study if confirmed in a larger cohort, could add value to our future intervention efforts.

Fetal Macrosomia Among Non-diabetic Women: Our Experience in a Developing Country.

BackgroundThe prevalence of fetal macrosomia varies worldwide. Its trend has increased over the past decades in many developed nations. It is associated with various maternal and fetal complications. The information regarding the frequency of fetal macrosomia among non-diabetic women is limited in resource-limited countries such as Pakistan. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the number of fetal macrosomia cases among non-diabetic women.MethodologyThis was a cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan. A total of 119 pregnant women were enrolled in the study. All pregnant women aged 15 to 45 years who had singleton pregnancies with any parity or gravida and a gestational age of ≥37 weeks were included in the study. Pregnant women with underlying chronic systemic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertension, renal or cardiac disorders, and sickle cell anemia were excluded from the study. Women who did not consent to participate and those with a gestational age of ≥42 weeks at the time of delivery were also excluded from our study. Based on a 5.2% prevalence of fetal macrosomia in the general population, the sample size was calculated using the World Health Organization calculator at a confidence interval of 95%, absolute precision of 0.05 with anticipated population proportion, and a 4% margin of error. The required sample size was calculated at 119. The chi-square test was applied. P-values of ≤0.05 were considered significant.ResultsOut of 119 participants, fetal macrosomia among non-diabetic women was seen in 10 (8.4%) cases. The mean age of patients in our study was 29.80 ± 4.33 years. The mean gestational age was 36.05 ± 1.31 weeks, whereas the mean body mass index of participants was 29.17 ± 2.36 kg/m2. Post-stratification, spontaneous vaginal delivery was the only significant variable with a P-value of <0.05 in our study.ConclusionsThe number of fetal macrosomia among non-diabetic women in our study was 10 (8.4%). Because this was a single-center, hospital-based, cross-sectional study, we need to conduct large multi-centered randomized controlled studies to identify the actual prevalence of fetal macrosomia in non-diabetic women in our population.

NASH Presence is Associated with a Lower Weight Loss One and 2 Years After Bariatric Surgery in Women with Severe Obesity

Given that obesity is a major medical problem associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the lack of studies on postsurgery weight loss according to hepatic histology, we aimed to analyse weight loss indicators according to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) presence one and 2years postsurgery. The weight loss pattern of 410 women with severe obesity (SO) was analysed after sleeve gastrectomy (SG, n = 191) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB, n = 219) according to NASH presence at baseline and at 12 and 24months postsurgery. Weight loss indicators: expected BMI (eBMI), excess BMI loss percentage (%EBMIL), total weight loss percentage (%TWL) and alterable weight loss percentage (%AWL). Unlike RYGB, after SG, a higher percentage of NASH patients do not reach the eBMI 2years postsurgery. %TWL and %AWL presented no differences after RYGB despite the presence of NASH. After SG, there is a worse ponderal evolution of all indicators analysed in the presence of NASH. Unlike SG, diabetic patients lose less weight than non-diabetic patients after RYGB. The presence of NASH in diabetics had no impact on weight loss indicators, but in non-diabetics, it had an impact, particularly in the SG group. The presence of NASH suggests a worse weight loss pattern through all the analysed indicators one and 2years after SG in women. The presence of T2DM appears to result in less weight loss after RYGB, but only non-diabetic women presenting NASH lose less weight that non-diabetic women in the absence of NASH after SG.

Comparison of bone mineral density and Fracture Risk Assessment Tool in Saudi women with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study.

To compare the bone mineral density and the fracture risks in Saudi women with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This cross-sectional study was carried out at Taibah Early Diagnostic Center, Al Madinah Al Munawarah, Saudi Arabia. A total of 465 women with and without T2DM aged ≥40 years who visited the center for a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan between December 2020 and July 2021 were randomly selected. The 10-year probabilities of major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) and hip fracture (HF) were calculated using the Abu Dhabi Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) with and without adjustment for T2DM. The adjustment was made by setting rheumatoid arthritis as the equivalent risk for T2DM in the FRAX. Bone mineral density values and the FRAX scores were compared between women with T2DM and non-diabetes. Of 465 women, 214 had T2DM, and 251 were non-diabetics. The mean age of women was 59.42±7.9 years. There were no significant differences in mean age, menopausal status, height, weight, and body mass index between T2DM and non-diabetic women. Bone mineral density values and the unadjusted FRAX scores were comparable between the 2 groups. However, after adjusting FRAX for T2DM, the FRAX for MOF and HF became significantly higher in T2DM women (p=0.000 and p=0.004). In Saudi women with T2DM, unadjusted FRAX underestimated the risk of MOF and HF. Type 2 diabetes mellitus should be included as one of the clinical risk factors for fracture in future versions of the FRAX score.

Expression of Urotensin II of Human Placental Tissues and in Serum in Gestational Diabetic Mellitus in Iraqi Woman

The placenta is an organ between the mother and fetus necessary for fetal growth and development. Gestational diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most frequent metabolic condition detected during pregnancy. It is characterized as hyperglycemia of various severity with onset or first detection during pregnancy that does not clearly describe any form of preexisting diabetes. Urotensin II (UII), a pluripotent vasoactive peptide, is important in developing insulin resistance. This study aimed to determine the level of Urotensin II(UII) in placenta and in the serum of diabetic and nondiabetic women. Methods The blood and placenta tissue collected from 50 ladies had been enrolled in this research ( 25 females with uncomplicated), (25 women with gestational diabetes). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to look at the expression of the Urotensin II (UII) marker in placenta specimens. The IHC analysis revealed that Urotensin II expression was primarily found in placental cytotrophoblast and the syncytiotrophoblast. Results of an immunohistochemistry investigation using the Urotensin II (UII) marker revealed a significant increase (p ≤ 0.001) in diabetic women’s placentas and serum than control groups. Conclusion, the Urotensin II is mainly located in the cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast. That was significantly higher in the gestational DM group.

Dissecting the relationship between plasma and tissue metabolome in a cohort of women with obesity: Analysis of subcutaneous and visceral adipose, muscle, and liver.

Untargeted metabolomics of blood samples has become widely applied to study metabolic alterations underpinning disease and to identify biomarkers. However, understanding the relevance of a blood metabolite marker can be challenging if it is unknown whether it reflects the concentration in relevant tissues. To explore this field, metabolomic and lipidomic profiles of plasma, four sites of adipose tissues (ATs) from peripheral or central depot, two sites of muscle tissue, and liver tissue from a group of nondiabetic women with obesity who were scheduled to undergo bariatric surgery (n=21) or other upper GI surgery (n=5), were measured by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Relationships between plasma and tissue profiles were examined using Pearson correlation analysis subject to Benjamini-Hochberg correction. Plasma metabolites and lipids showed the highest number of significantly positive correlations with their corresponding concentrations in liver tissue, including lipid species of ceramide, mono- and di-hexosylceramide, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), lysophosphatidylethanolamine, dimethyl phosphatidylethanolamine, ether-linked PC, ether-linked PE, free fatty acid, cholesteryl ester, diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol, and polar metabolites linked to several metabolic functions and gut microbial metabolism. Plasma also showed significantly positive correlations with muscle for several phospholipid species and polar metabolites linked to metabolic functions and gut microbial metabolism, and with AT for several triacylglycerol species. In conclusion, plasma metabolomic and lipidomic profiles were reflective more of the liver profile than any of the muscle or AT sites examined in the present study. Our findings highlighted the importance of taking into consideration the metabolomic relationship of various tissues with plasma when postulating plasma metabolites marker to underlying mechanisms occurring in a specific tissue.

439-P: Disparate Effects of Menopause on Cardiovascular Risk in Women with Type 1 Diabetes

Introduction: Women with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) , and menopause increases CVD risk. However, little is known about menopause and CVD risk in T1D. Methods: Women with (N=64) and without T1D (n=63) ages 47-55 years were examined for CVD risk factors and surrogate CVD markers: pulse wave velocity (PWV) , augmentation pressure (AP) and pulse height (PH) , brachial artery distensibility (BrachD) , and subendocardial viability index (SVI) . Body composition was measured by Dual Xray Absorptiometry. Menopausal status was determined by self-report. CVD markers were examined by diabetes and menopausal status using linear regression models adjusted for age. Results: Mean ± SD age was 51±2.5 years in women with T1D and 51 ± 2.4 years in women without diabetes (p=0.32) . The percentage postmenopausal did not differ (30% vs. 32%, p=0.8) between T1D and nondiabetes women. As shown in the table, women with T1D had higher systolic blood pressure and measures of arterial stiffness (PWV, AP, PH, and BrachD) and lower SVI than women without diabetes. Menopause was associated with a greater loss in fat free mass and a greater increase in PWV and AP among women with T1D compared to women without diabetes. Conclusions: Women with T1D have worse CVD markers, and menopause is associated with greater increases in arterial stiffness and loss in lean body mass than in nondiabetes women, independent of age. Disclosure H.K.Wise: None. E.Malecha: None. C.J.Chartier-logan: None. L.Pyle: None. A.Keshawarz: None. J.K.Snell-bergeon: Stock/Shareholder; GlaxoSmithKline plc. Funding American Diabetes Association (7-13-CD-10)

Study of association of maternal triglycerides level with neonatal macrosomia in non-obese non-diabetic pregnant women

Maternal dyslipidemia experts potential and adverse impacts on pregnant women and newborns. However, the association between maternal serum triglycerides level and the risk of macrosomia has not yet been clearly studied.We did this study for association between the maternal serum triglycerides level and risk of macrosomia among the non-diabetic and non obese pregnant women. To find the associations of maternal triglyceride levels with neonatal macrosomia in non-obese and pregnant women without Diabetes Mellitus . SCB Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, India. This was a escriptive cross-sectional study of 100 pregnant patients with BMI less than 30. The medical records of 100 non obese and non-diabetic pregnant women at term were prospectively analyzed. Maternal fasting serum triglyceride levels were measured during late pregnancy. Scatter diagram was used to analyze the variables associated with the risk of macrosomia. Maternal TG level was higher in patient with macrosomia babies (333.00 ± 51.62) compare to those without macrosomia (253.15 ± 81.02). This difference in mean was statistically significant (P value = 0.001) (Table 5). There was a positive correlation between birth weight and maternal triglyceride level which was statistically significant with correlation coefficient value of 0.278 (r) and p value of 0.005.

1093-P: Vascular Health across the Lifespan in Women with and without Type 1 Diabetes (TID)

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in people with T1D, and women with T1D are disproportionately affected. However, few studies have examined how T1D affects vascular health in women across the lifespan. Methods: Women ages 18-79 with (N=309) and without T1D (n=351) were examined cross-sectionally for markers of CVD: pulse wave velocity (PWV) , augmentation index (AiX) , pulse height (PH) , brachial artery distensibility (BrachD) , subendocardial viability index (SVI) , and carotid intima thickness (cIMT) . Menopausal status was self-reported. Body composition was measured by Dual Xray Absorptiometry. CVD markers were examined by diabetes status and age using linear regression models adjusted for menopausal status. Results: Age did not differ in women with and without diabetes (49 ± 12 vs. 50±14 years, p=0.32) . Women with T1D had higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) , cIMT, PWV and PH, and lower BrachD and SVI than non-diabetic women (Table 1) . Changes in blood pressure, cIMT, AiX, and SVI with age differed by diabetes status, as demonstrated by a significant interaction. While SBP and Aix were increased more in women with T1D at younger ages, cIMT and SVI worsened with age to a greater extent in T1D. Conclusions: Women with T1D have worse CVD markers than women without diabetes across the lifespan, with more arterial stiffness at younger ages and more atherosclerosis and lower SVI later in life. Disclosure C.J.Chartier-logan: None. A.C.Alman: None. V.Shah: Advisory Panel; Medscape, Sanofi, Consultant; Dexcom, Inc., Research Support; Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Insulet Corporation, Novo Nordisk. J.K.Snell-bergeon: Stock/Shareholder; GlaxoSmithKline plc.

77-OR: Native LDL Upregulate the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Human Adipose Tissue: A Mechanism for Higher Risk for Type 2 Diabetes in Subjects with HyperapoB

Background and Hypothesis: Elevated plasma apoB-lipoproteins (hyperapoB, mostly LDL) predicts the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its risk factors including systemic activation of the interleukin-1 system (measured as plasma IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-1Ra) . Moreover, native LDL induce white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction. Underlying mechanisms for these findings remain unclear. Activation of WAT NLRP3 inflammasome and secretion of IL-1β promotes WAT dysfunction and related risk factors for T2D. We hypothesized that native LDL upregulate WAT NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β pathway. Methods: This data represents baseline analysis of a 3-month clinical trial with omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in nondiabetic men (N=13) and women (N=27) . We assessed insulin secretion and sensitivity by Botnia clamps, postprandial fat metabolism after a high-fat-meal (68% fat) , and priming and/or activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in subject hip WAT biopsies ex vivo using native LDL, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (priming control) and/or ATP (activation control) . Results: Incubation of WAT with native LDL (1.2 g apoB/L) increased IL-1β secretion in ATP- but not LPS-treated WAT. Subjects with higher than median plasma apoB (1.23±0.15 g/L) had higher WAT IL-1β-secretion than those with lower apoB, using multiple combination of LDL, LPS and/or ATP, independent of adiposity, macronutrient intake or plasma lipids. WAT NLRP3 mRNA expression and IL-1β secretion correlated positively with hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and hyperchylomicronemia and plasma IL-1Ra. Adjusting for sex and WAT IL-1β-secretion or sex and plasma IL-1Ra eliminated the association of plasma apoB with these risk factors (except hypertriglyceridemia) . Conclusion: Native LDL are priming signals of WAT NLRP3 inflammasome, which may explain higher risk for T2D in subjects with hyperapoB. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04496154) . Disclosure S.Bissonnette: None. V.Lamantia: None. Y.Cyr: None. M.Devaux: None. R.Rabasa-lhoret: Consultant; HLS Therapeutics Inc., Pfizer Inc., Other Relationship; Abbott Diabetes, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Insulet Corporation, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Medtronic, Merck &amp; Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk Canada Inc., Sanofi, Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Research Support; Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Cystic Fibrosis Canada, Diabetes Canada, Fondation Francophone pour la Recherche en Diabète (FFRD) , JDRF, National Institutes of Health, Société Francophone du Diabète (SFD) , Speaker's Bureau; Canadian Medical &amp; Surgical Knowledge Translation Research Group (CMS) , CPD Network, Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. M.Chretien: None. M.Saleh: None. M.Faraj: None. Funding Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) (FRN# 123409)

Association of Serum 25(OH)D with Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Women of Childbearing Age.

Objective: To analyze the associations between serum 25(OH)D levels and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components, and the related genetic and non-genetic factors in non-diabetic women of childbearing age in China. Methods: Subjects were randomly selected from the 2015 Chinese Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance. The data of sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle factors were obtained through questionnaire survey. Anthropometry was measured by trained interviewers, and fasting blood was collected to test 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and other related parameters. Generalized linear mode and multivariate logistic analysis were performed to analyze the associations between serum 25(OH)D and MetS and its components, adjusting for the possible confounders. Results: Body mass index (BMI), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), 25(OH)D, phosphorus (P), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were associated with the number of MetS’s components. G allele carriers of GC rs2282679 had higher diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and FBG levels compared with the TT genotypes, while higher genetic risk score (GRS) seemed to be associated with reduced HDL-C level. The odds ratio (OR) for MetS in lowest group of 25(OH)D was 1.533 (0.980–2.399) after adjusting for season, district, area type, latitude, age, BMI, PTH, P, ALT, CRE, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and hs-CRP, compared with the median group, but the association was not significant. An insufficient 25(OH)D concentration (<14.22 ng/mL) was significantly related to the risk of elevated waist circumference (WC) (OR = 1.612 (1.014–2.561)) and TG (OR = 2.210 (1.318–3.706)), and reduced HDL-C (OR = 1.639 (1.206–2.229)) after adjusting for the confounders among these women. Moreover, these relationships were not affected by vitamin D metabolism-related gene polymorphisms. Conclusion: After comprehensively considering various influencing factors, significant associations between insufficient serum 25(OH)D and MetS‘s components, including elevated WC, TG, and reduced HDL-C, were observed. However, MetS, hypertension, and hyperglycemia were not found independently associated with 25(OH)D levels.

Oral Mucosal Complications and Oral Hygiene Practice Among Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic conditions categorized by anomalous secretion of insulin and metabolic activity. It goes without saying that the general health and oral health are related with each other. Aim: The aim of the analysis was to evaluate oral complications in patients with and without diabetes, as well as to evaluate oral knowledge and practice. Place and Duration: In the dental department of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad and Islamic International Dental College, Islamabad for six-months duration from July 2021 to December 2021. Methods: The study was conducted on diabetic and nondiabetic women and men who came to the dental hospital for dental and oral treatment. The researcher asked questions orally in Urdu and complete the questionnaire form which comprised the dental, oral hygiene and diabetic related questions. 180 total people (100 diabetic patients and 80 non-diabetic patients) answered the questionnaire. The patients sample mean age was 48.20 (SD 7.10), diabetic patients mean age was 47.2 (SD 7.05), and non-diabetic patients mean age was 47.80 (SD 7.10). The patients age range varies from 30 to 70 years of age. 41.7% of the patients were women and 58.3% were men. Conclusions: The survey showed that the awareness, practice and oral health of patients with diabetes in our community are poor. Information on oral health was lacking in both the diabetic and nondiabetic groups. Keywords: awareness, diabetes, knowledge, oral health

Haematological and Anthropometric Profile in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus with Non-diabetic Pregnant Women in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Aim: Haematological and anthropometric profile of pregnant women who had gestational diabetes and non-diabetic pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in a Tertiary Hospital in Rivers State, Nigeria were evaluated,&#x0D; Methods: This was a cross sectional study involving 70 pregnant women comprising of 40 diabetic and 30 non-diabetics for the purpose of comparing haematological and anthropometrical parameters in diabetic and non-diabetic pregnant women. Using standard venipuncture technique,5ml blood sample was aseptically drawn from the subjects and 2.5ml dropped into each of two different anticoagulant sample bottles -Ethylene Diamine Tetra acetic Acid(EDTA) and fluoride-oxalate bottles respectively. The methods of choice for estimation of parameters were Enzymatic Colorimetric method for glucose and Automation using Sysmex KX-21N Haematology Analyzer for full blood count. Results were statistically analyzed using Graph Pad prism version 5.0 and statistical significance set at P&lt;0.05.&#x0D; Results: Mean± SD results for diabetic and non-diabetic pregnant women respectively showed Haemoglobin concentration (10.99±0.69g/dl versus 10.69±1.01g/dl), Packed cell volume (31.7±1.96% versus 32.89±3.89%), Red blood cell(3.99±0.29106/µl versus 3.85±0.39×106/µl), Mean cell haemoglobin (27.51±1.22pg versus 27.54±2.22pg), Platelets count (223.3±52.67103/µl versus 205.5±45.09×103/µl), Mean cell haemoglobin concentrations(34.49±1.19g/dl versus 32.54±3.17g/dl)these results were not statistically significantly different(P&gt;0.05). The mean± SD of white blood cell (9.73±0.49103/µl versus 7.27±1.66×103/µl) and mean cell volume (79.3±4.16 fl and 85.24±0.39fl) were statistically significantly different (P&lt;0.05).Mean± SD of subject’s blood pressure showed, Systolic (116±11.52 mm/Hg and 105±5.72 mm/Hg),Diastolic (77±17.86 and 68±1.11 mm/Hg), results were statistically significantly different (P&lt;0.001).Age did not show statistical significant difference (P&gt;0.05).Body mass index (BMI) 28.33±3.81 kg/m2, 32.86±5 kg/m2, 37.96±.3.44 kg/m2 showed statistically significant difference (P&lt;0.05) at the Gestational ages of(1-3), (4-6) and (7-9) months respectively while that of the non-diabetic were obviously not statistically significantly different (P&gt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: Gestational diabetes is capable of causing changes in haematological parameters; but it could improve or disappear after child birth. Factors such as lifestyle activities and diet can predispose pregnant women to gestational diabetes mellitus and this can lead to complications for both the mother and the baby.

Insulin resistance and weight gain in women treated for early stage breast cancer.

Both weight gain and insulin resistance have been associated with poorer prognosis in women receiving adjuvant therapy for early stage breast cancer, however, interactions between weight gain and insulin resistance have not been explored longitudinally throughout the breast cancer treatment continuum. One hundred non-diabetic women with early stage breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and /or hormonal therapy were enrolled in this prospective, observational study. Metrics of weight, body composition (BMI, waist/hip circumference ratio (WHR)), and cardiometabolic health (fasting insulin, glucose and triglycerides) were obtained prior to adjuvant therapy (baseline) and repeated 6, 12, and 24months post-diagnosis. Insulin resistance was calculated using the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Complete data were available for 95 participants. Compared to baseline, body weight was significantly higher at the 12-month time-point (75.3 ± 15.7 vs. 76.2 ± 16.7, p = 0.03), however there was no difference in waist circumference (p = 0.96) or WHR (p = 0.52). HOMA-IR tended to increase 6months after diagnosis (2.36 ± 2.17 vs. 2.70 ± 2.83, p = 0.06), largely driven by adverse responses in patients treated with chemotherapy (mean change + 0.53 (chemotherapy) vs - 0.64 (no chemotherapy), p = 0.005). Despite 12-month weight gain, the 6-month increase in HOMA-IR was fully abrogated 12months after diagnosis. Breast cancer patients experience small but significant weight gain in the year following diagnosis, and those who receive chemotherapy experience significant short-term metabolic impairments suggestive of insulin resistance. While the acute insulin resistance appears to attenuate over time, the long-term ramifications are unclear and may help explain weight gain in this population.

High Maternal Triglyceride Levels Mediate the Association between Pre-Pregnancy Overweight/Obesity and Macrosomia among Singleton Term Non-Diabetic Pregnancies: A Prospective Cohort Study in Central China.

This study aimed at examining the risk of macrosomia, in relation to maternal pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity mediated via high maternal triglyceride (mTG) levels. In this prospective study, 24,730 singleton term non-diabetic pregnancies were finally included. Serum mTG levels were measured using fasting blood samples that were collected after 28 weeks of gestation. High mTG levels were defined as values ≥ the 90th percentile. The outcome of interest was macrosomia (≥4000 g). Log-binomial regression was used to assess the mediation path between overweight/obesity, high mTG levels, and macrosomia. The mediation analysis found a total effect of overweight on macrosomia of 0.006 (95% CI, 0.001–0.010), including a direct effect of 0.005 (95% CI, 0.001, 0.009) and indirect effect of 0.001 (95% CI, 0.000–0.001), with an estimated proportion of 11.1% mediated by high mTG levels. Additionally, we also found a total effect of obesity on macrosomia of 0.026 (95% CI, 0.018–0.036), including a direct effect of 0.025 (95% CI, 0.017–0.036) and indirect effect of 0.001 (95% CI, 0.000–0.001), with an estimated proportion of 3.8% mediated by high mTG levels. In conclusion, non-diabetic women with overweight or obesity had an increased risk of macrosomia, and this positive association was partly mediated by high mTG levels.