Non-destructive X-ray Research Articles

Level assessment of 87Rb in rubidium-filled MEMS vapor cells by X-ray imaging for atomic magnetometers

Quantitative assessments of the level and lifetime of alkali metal in the atomic vapor cells are essential for improving the stability of atomic magnetometers. In this paper, a fast and non-destructive approach is proposed to directly characterize the level of 87Rb in a hermetic MEMS vapor cell. The MEMS-compatible 87Rb evaporation technique is developed to dispense 87Rb in the vapor cells with high efficiency. The morphology of the metallic 87Rb in the MEMS vapor cell is visualized by the non-destructive X-ray technique, and the measured contact angle is 43° ± 2°. Combined with the image recognition, the quantitative characterization of the 87Rb is achieved, and the consumption rates of 87Rb in MEMS cells are experimentally investigated. The presented approach is beneficial for the fabrication and performance enhancement of vapor cells for atomic magnetometers.

Correlative, ML-based and non-destructive 3D-analysis of intergranular fatigue cracking in SAC305-Bi solder balls

Reliable connections of electrical components embody a crucial topic in the microelectronics and power semiconductor industry. This study utilises 3D non-destructive X-ray tomography and specifically developed machine learning (ML-) algorithms to statistically investigate crack initiation and propagation in SAC305-Bi solder balls upon thermal cycling on board (TCoB). We quantitatively segment fatigue cracks and flux pores from 3D X-ray tomography data utilising a multi-level ML-workflow incorporating a 3D U-Net model. The data reveals that intergranular fatigue cracking is the predominant failure mechanism during TCoB and that dynamic recrystallisation precedes crack initiation. Moreover, we find that fatigue cracks are initiated at surface notches, flux pores and printed circuit board-metallisation intrusions. The work provides important insights regarding the underlying microstructural and mechanical mechanisms for recrystallisation and cracking, uniting the aspects of big-data analysis with ML-algorithms and in-depth understanding about the underlying materials science.

Addressing redox shuttling in Li-O2 batteries: Mechanistic insights by synchrotron X–ray tomography

In situ characterization on interface stability has been hardly tried in redox mediator (RM)-involved Li-O2 battery thus far. Here, benzyltriethylammonium iodide (BTEAI) can act as a self-defensive RM in the electrolyte LiTFSI/TEGDME to enhance the reaction kinetics and increase the cycling stability by suppressing the redox shuttling. I- effectively reduces the charging overpotential by changing decomposition route for Li2O2. BTEA+ can facilitate LiTFSI decomposition in the electrolyte, and participate in formation of an organic–inorganic composite SEI-contained layer on Li anode. Moreover, for the first time, non-destructive synchrotron X-Ray tomography is used to investigate the mechanism of suppressing shuttle effect by monitoring the morphological evolution of electrodes interface. This work provides an insight into the development of functional RM and in situ protection strategies for Li anodes in Li-O2 batteries.

Synthetic data augmentation for high-resolution X-ray welding defect detection and classification based on a small number of real samples

Deep learning has become the dominant technology in most computer vision tasks. These methods often rely on a large number of labeled sample datasets for training, and in the field of non-destructive testing of welds in industrial manufacturing, weld images with defects are very scarce, and it is still a challenging challenge to construct high-resolution weld defect datasets that meet the requirements. To overcome this limitation, a new data augmentation method for high-resolution X-ray welding defect classification and synthesis based on a small number of real samples is proposed to realize the data augmentation of industrial nondestructive inspection X-ray film defect images. Firstly, to overcome the scarcity of the weld X-ray defect classification dataset, the weld X-ray defect classification dataset (Weld Defect Classification, WDC) is constructed. Secondly, the performance of 16 common deep classification models on WDC datasets is explored. Then, the images of the real local welding defects and the non-defective weld area are fused at random locations, and two data augmentation modes, (Single Image Single Defect, SISD) and (Single Image Multi Defects, SIMD), can generate defect files and annotation files (Visual Object Classes, VOC) at the same time, which can save a lot of time for manual marking. Finally, compared with the traditional data augmentation method, the proposed method can effectively improve the accuracy of defect detection and generalization, the mAP (Mean Average Precision, mAP) @0.5 of YOLOV8X (You Only Look Once, YOLO) and YOLOV5.6.1X is 66.6% and 72.8%, which provides an effective solution for data sample generation in the industrial field.

Novel flat-top laser-aided cold metal transfer additive manufacturing for titanium alloy: Arc characteristics, microstructure, and tensile properties

In this paper, a novel flat-top laser-aided cold metal transfer additive manufacturing (F-LCAM) method is proposed for titanium alloys to restrict internal defects and anisotropy of mechanical properties in large-scale additive-manufactured titanium structures. The proposed method uses a flat-top laser to stabilise the drifting cathode spot and suppress the irregular shape of the weld deposit by promoting thermionic emission on the molten pool surface. Compared to the cold metal transfer additive manufacturing (CMT-AM) process, the auxiliary flat-top laser promotes the wettability of the molten pool and increases the contact angle of deposition from 95° to 142° in an F-LCAM sample. The non-destructive X-ray testing (NDT) results of multi-bead multilayer deposition showed that the defects caused by the pool weld bead morphology were effectively suppressed. Attributed to fluid flow in the melt pool enhanced by the flat-top laser, the dendritic arms were broken, columnar β grains in the F-LCAM sample were finer than in CMT-AM sample, and the aspect ratios of prior-β grains decreased from approximately 6 to 1. The F-LCAM sample exhibited a higher elongation and lower anisotropy than the CMT-AM sample. Defects were observed on the fracture surfaces of the CMT-AM vertical samples, which reduced the elongation of the CMT-AM samples to lower than that of the F-LCAM sample. The ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of the multi-bead multilayer deposition met the standards of as-forged Ti6321 titanium alloy, indicating that the Ti6321 titanium alloy structure fabricated by the F-LCAM process has acceptable tensile properties for engineering applications.

Residual Stress Mapping in Heat-Assisted Additive Manufacturing of IN 718: An X-Ray Diffraction Study

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a type of additive manufacturing (AM) technique characterized by multiple localized thermal processes that result in rapid heating and cooling. The thermal variations observed in the LPBF process can generate residual stress (RS) inside the fabricated part, impacting the surface integrity and geometric tolerances of the manufactured components. To reduce thermal variation during manufacturing, heat-assisted AM was employed, thereby minimizing RS and any thermal distortion that could occur during the fabrication of materials. The present research utilizes non-destructive x-ray diffraction to analyze the influence of an in-situ heated building plate and processing parameters on the RS distribution in Inconel 718 (IN718) fabricated by LPBF. This study examines the impact of two scanning procedures and three laser power levels and offers critical insights into both measurement techniques and RS characterization. By understanding the effect of the processing parameters on RS, we aim to enhance the quality of manufactured parts through process optimization. Post-processing heat treatment consistently reduced RS in all samples, regardless of laser power levels or scanning strategies. Combining a chess scanning strategy with 270 W laser power resulted in the most significant RS reduction in IN718.

Dynamic X-ray imaging with screen-printed perovskite CMOS array.

High performance X-ray detector with ultra-high spatial and temporal resolution are crucial for biomedical imaging. This study reports a dynamic direct-conversion CMOS X-ray detector assembled with screen-printed CsPbBr3, whose mobility-lifetime product is 5.2 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 and X-ray sensitivity is 1.6 × 104 µC Gyair-1 cm-2. Samples larger than 5 cm[Formula: see text]10 cm can be rapidly imaged by scanning this detector at a speed of 300 frames per second along the vertical and horizontal directions. In comparison to traditional indirect-conversion CMOS X-ray detector, this perovskite CMOS detector offers high spatial resolution (5.0 lp mm-1) X-ray radiographic imaging capability at low radiation dose (260 nGy). Moreover, 3D tomographic images of a biological specimen are also successfully reconstructed. These results highlight the perovskite CMOS detector's potential in high-resolution, large-area, low-dose dynamic biomedical X-ray and CT imaging, as well as in non-destructive X-ray testing and security scanning.

Nondestructive geochemical characterization of fossil hominin taphonomy and burial history

To date, only three Homo habilis specimens have been discovered that have associated craniodental and postcranial elements, providing a limited fossil record of the ontogeny and morphology of early members of the genus Homo. Recently, a nearly complete dentition, likely attributable to H. habilis, was discovered and excavated from early Pleistocene-age fluvial-lacustrine sediments of the upper Burgi Member of the Koobi Fora Formation at site F25787 in Area 13, near Ileret, Kenya. On the surface less than 15 m away, at site F25966, postcranial elements were found, which, if from the same individual as the nearby dentition, would represent the fourth associated craniodental and postcranial assemblage of this species. We developed a geochemical taphonomic history of these ca. 2 Ma hominin fossils using nondestructive X-ray based microanalytical tools (synchrotron and benchtop X-ray fluorescence chemical imaging and micro- and nano-computed tomography volumetric reconstruction), bulk analyses of sediments and paleosols at the excavation sites, and sedimentologic and stratigraphic observations. We integrate the chemical and physical taphonomic histories to test whether teeth (excavated in situ) and postcranial bones (eroded onto the outcrop surface) derive from a single individual. Minor differences in taphonomic history are attributable to the different biomineral properties of the dental and osseous components and to differences in physical damage during early post-mortem scavenging, dispersal, and burial in adjacent depositional settings. Microscale geochemical mapping enabled the temporal ordination of chemical and physical events in the specimens’ chemical taphonomic histories. Specifically, authigenic Fe- and K-bearing clays and Y, U, and Sr uptake occurred in post-burial fractures in bones and were also incorporated pervasively throughout dentin in teeth. Barite mineralization occurred along the latest fractures in both materials, and as a coating on tooth roots. The stratigraphic, taphonomic, and geochemical evidence supports the interpretation that the hominin fossils represent a single individual. Successful application of these nondestructive sample characterization methods demonstrates capabilities for thorough interrogation of the taphonomic histories of other potential hominin fossil associations, enabling more robust and accurate palaeontologic constraints using those relationships.

The influence of hatch distance on the surface roughness, microhardness, residual stress, and density of inconel 625 specimens in the laser powder bed fusion process

ABSTRACT The main goal of the laser powder bed fusion process is to produce high-quality parts with the required mechanical properties. Achieving this requires the proper selection of the key process parameters including laser power, scanning speed, layer thickness and hatch distance. In the present article, the effect of hatch distance parameter on the surface integrity issues i.e. surface roughness, residual stress, microhardness, and also density of Inconel 625 specimens has been studied using experimental approach. By using the non-destructive X-ray diffraction technique, residual stresses were measured in the different portion of the samples whose cross section changes. According to the results, as the hatch distance increases the microhardness decreases. The hatch distance has inverse effect on the residual stresses which its effect is less at the lower sections. It can be stated generally that the hatch distance increment reduces the microhardness, residual stress, and surface roughness but increases the specimen’s density.

Survey of Rice Genotypes of Southern India for Seed Zinc Concentration to Explore its Seed Endophytic Microbial Diversity

Background: Rice is a vital staple food for a large part of the global population and zinc deficiency poses health risks, particularly in rice-dependent regions. Studying genotypic differences in rice seed zinc content is vital for breeding zinc enriched varieties to address malnutrition and enhance food security. In the plant microbe partnership exploring the role of seed bacterial endophytes in influencing the plant physiology holds promise for Zn accumulation contributing to the broader goals of enhancing food quality, nutrition and crop production in a world facing increasing agricultural demands and challenges. Methods: Rice genotypes were surveyed and their seed zinc content was analysed using non-destructive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Surface sterilization of rice seed samples was performed to isolate endophytic bacteria, involving a series of treatments with distilled water, ethanol and sodium hypochlorite to remove surface microflora. The sterilized seeds were then macerated and diluted to obtain a countable number of colonies, which were subsequently spread-plated on nutrient agar, tryptic soy agar and soil extract agar to enumerate the different nutritional types of seed endophytic microflora. Result: In this study, 34 different rice genotypes, comprising traditional landraces and modern cultivars, were collected and analysed for their inherent zinc content. One variety in each category of low, medium and high seed Zn content was selected. The occurrence of all nutritional types of bacterial and their population was highest in the genotype Karuppunel followed by CO51 and ADT 39. Nutrient agar was found to promote a higher count of culturable bacterial endophytes compared to Tryptic soy agar and Soil extract agar.

Effect of welding speed on microstructure, nano-mechanical and nano-tribological characteristics of dissimilar friction stir welded AA6061-T6 and AZ31 alloy

The microstructural, tribological, and mechanical performance of friction-stir welded AA6061-T6 and AZ31 alloys were investigated using electron back scattered diffraction, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and electron dispersed spectroscopy methods. The non-destructive X-ray microcomputed tomography test was used to analyse weld porosity. The distribution of volumetric and surface flaws (pores) was found to be confined across the weldment. Using a novel atomic force microscopy method, the nano-tribological characteristics of the base metal and localized regions of welded sample were studied for the first time. The significant difference in wear and friction behaviour was observed in all weld zones and base metal of magnesium side, which was correlated with the hardness of these regions. AFM results showed strong variation in tribological properties in correlation with the hardness trends of different weld zones, i.e. higher hardness leads to low wear. In weldments, intermetallic compounds such as Al12Mg17 and Al3Mg2 were produced, resulting in nanohardness differences as measured by the nanoindentation test. The joint efficiency of 65%, 84%, and 91% were obtained at welding speeds of 16 mm/min, 20 mm/min, and 25 mm/min, respectively.

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of metals, chemicals and materials

This review covers advances in the analysis of advanced materials, metals, fuels and lubricants, nanostructures, ceramics, refractories, chemicals, catalysts and nuclear materials by a range of techniques including ICP-MS, non-destructive surface ablation and X-ray.

Non-destructive X-ray diffraction surface integrity inspection of an aeroengine component

Industry standard assessment of machined surface integrity typically requires a form of destructive testing to capture microstructural features such as white layers or distorted layers. The X-ray diffraction surface integrity inspection method (XRD-SIIM) offers a non-destructive alternative for the detection and sizing of fatigue-limiting microstructural features, without the sacrifice or alteration of a component which is required for cross-sectional microscopy. In this study XRD-SIIM was used to measure the surface integrity across a nickel-based superalloy gas turbine disc segment. XRD-SIIM microstructural feature detection and sizing models were trained and validated from a set of surfaces generated in a turning trial with a newly developed calibration procedure allowing these models to be adjusted for different instrument setups to facilitate measurement of the turbine disc segment. The non-destructive test was then able to show comparable inspection results to industry standard microscopy of microstructural features when inspecting the representative component, with over 90% of the outside surface of the component accessible by the diffractometer, and the internal surfaces accessible with appropriate hardware. Surface curvature only became a limiting factor for inspection of geometrical features with a small radius of curvature such as seal fins and the corner radii on fir tree sections.

Exploring the infiltrative and degradative ability of Fusarium oxysporum on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) using correlative microscopy and deep learning

Managing the worldwide steady increase in the production of plastic while mitigating the Earth’s global pollution is one of the greatest challenges nowadays. Fungi are often involved in biodegradation processes thanks to their ability to penetrate into substrates and release powerful catabolic exoenzymes. However, studying the interaction between fungi and plastic substrates is challenging due to the deep hyphal penetration, which hinders visualisation and evaluation of fungal activity. In this study, a multiscale and multimodal correlative microscopy workflow was employed to investigate the infiltrative and degradative ability of Fusarium oxysporum fungal strain on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fragments. The use of non-destructive high-resolution 3D X-ray microscopy (XRM) coupled with a state-of-art Deep Learning (DL) reconstruction algorithm allowed optimal visualisation of the distribution of the fungus on the PET fragment. The fungus preferentially developed on the edges and corners of the fragment, where it was able to penetrate into the material through fractures. Additional analyses with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) allowed the identification of the different phases detected by XRM. The correlative microscopy approach unlocked a more comprehensive understanding of the fungus-plastic interaction, including elemental information and polymeric composition.

4D evolutions of cracks, voids, and corrosion products in reinforced concrete materials

This research paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the corrosion process in reinforced concrete structures using advanced analytical techniques, namely non-destructive X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS), and Raman spectroscopy. The CT image analysis allowed for the identification and quantification of pore structures, crack propagation, and corrosion progression at different stages of corrosion. CT scanning and data analysis offer valuable 4D (3D spatial + time) insights into corrosion in reinforced concrete, revealing changes in pore sizes, with smaller pores increasing and larger pores decreasing as corrosion progresses. Our investigation reveals dynamic changes in reinforced concrete pores during the accelerated corrosion test leading to new pore formation and cracking. The research identifies two distinct types of cracks: one filled with corrosion products and the other, zipper-like cracks, resulting from the connection of deformed pores without corrosion products. The SEM images and EDS analysis confirmed the absence of corrosion products within these unique zipper cracks, suggesting a different mechanism of crack formation compared to the first type of cracks. The results revealed two distinct categories of corrosion products: iron oxides and iron hydroxides, with their distribution correlated to the duration of accelerated corrosion testing. The integration and verification of results from X-ray CT imaging and Raman spectroscopy established a comprehensive understanding of corrosion-induced damage in the reinforced concrete specimen, shedding light on complex interactions among different corrosion products during the corrosion process. These findings offer crucial insights for better understanding of the corrosion process in reinforced concrete paving the way for future development of effective treatments and strategies to mitigate corrosion impact.

Fabrication and characterization of thin 94Zr target with gold backing for nuclear lifetime measurements using DSAM

For lifetime measurements of excited nuclear states in the sub-picosecond range, a thin target with a thick backing of high-Z material is required. To meet these specifications, a thin isotopic94Zr target of thickness 1.14 ± 0.05 mg/cm2, with backing of 4.7 ± 0.2 mg/cm2 thick Au layer, has been fabricated using the cost-effective cold rolling technique at the target laboratory of Inter-University Accelerator Centre (IUAC), New Delhi. The thickness verification and purity check of the fabricated target have been carried out by non-destructive Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) and Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) techniques. The results of these measurements are in good agreement with each other. The elemental composition, purity and surface morphology have been explored by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques. The fabricated target has been successfully used with a16O ion beam in a recent γ-ray spectroscopy experiment for lifetime measurements using the Doppler Shift Attenuation Method (DSAM) at IUAC, New Delhi.

ЭЛЕМЕНТНЫЙ СОСТАВ МИНЕРАЛЬНЫХ ФАЗ В ТОРФЯНЫХ ОТЛОЖЕНИЯХ БОЛОТА ДУЛИХА (ПРИБАЙКАЛЬЕ) ПО ДАННЫМ МЕТОДОВ РЕНТГЕНОСПЕКТРАЛЬНОГО АНАЛИЗА

The paper deals with a detailed study of the Holocene core of drilling peat deposits of the upland (oligotrophic) Dulikha bog. Based on the results of non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis, SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 oxides predominate in the peat deposit chemical composition along the section depth. The main minerals of the peat ash part are mica, quartz, plagioclase, bassanite, potassium feldspar; secondary one is chlorite, accessory ones are amphibole, illite. The study results of peat substance by energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis showed that peat deposits are represented by a mixture of particles and conglomerates of various shapes and sizes. The elemental composition of the main matrix of samples is presented by an organic component with a high content of C and O and silicate mineral component with a content of Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe. Single small bright particles of facetted and semi-facetted shape with a high content of Fe, Ti, Ca, Ba and W occur in almost all studied peat samples. The mineral component of these particles may be represented by magnetites, titanites, single metal granules. The upper interval of the peat bog section (0-20 cm) is characterized by increased concentrations of Cu and Zn, that may be due to both anthropogenic stress on swamp ecosystems and high biophillyng, i.e. the ability to accumulate living matter.

EFFECT OF DEFECTIVE MICROSTRUCTURE ON THE VALUE AND NATURE OF DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDUAL MACRO-STRESSES ON THE STEEL COUPLING OF THE TUBING

The work analyzes the influence of certain types of metal microstructure defects on the value and nature of distribution of the active residual macro-stresses of the σ in the tubing sleeve. The tubing coupling was made of pre-eutectoid steel, and to improve corrosion resistance, a bainite structure was formed in it. As defects of the metal microstructure, the most common cases in the manufacture of a coupling were considered, such as the structural gradient of the formation of constituent phases (upper and lower bainite, martensite tempering, martensite, etc.) along the thickness of the tubing wall, as well as non-metallic inclusions and pores in the material wall. To assess the residual macrostresses on the selected coupling surface, a non-destructive X-ray scattering method modified by the authors was used. At the same time, the modernization of this method consisted in the use of a micro-X-ray parallel beam (diameter 0.5 mm) in estimating the σ value, in measuring the spectrum of reflexes at inclined surveys at given coordinates (pitch 1.0 mm) for different directions of the φ plane, in determining the value of macro-stresses at each point and constructing their surface distribution with superimposed power lines. In order to take into account the anisotropy of the acting residual macro-stresses of the σφ on the analyzed surface of the coupling, in the measurements of the reflex (222), the sample was rotated about an axis perpendicular to the analysis plane. As a result of applying the modified macro stress estimation approach for the initial tubing sleeve having no process defects, it is found that the distribution of residual macro stresses in the longitudinal section of the wall is symmetrical. It is shown that residual compressive-type macro stresses of minus 341 MPa are formed in the inner part of the tubing coupling wall, and the tensile type — with the value of plus 347 MPa acts on the outer side of the coupling wall, the absence of macro stresses is detected in the middle part of the material wall. It has been shown that the presence of a structural gradient, i.e. the presence of martensitic plates in the near-surface layers of the coupling with a content of about 12 %, increases the active residual macro-stresses in these areas by more than 1.3 times. It was found that the presence of pores and non-metallic inclusions in the near-surface layers concentrated on the thickness of 170 μm of the coupling wall increases the residual macro stresses 1.6 times from the outside and 1.4 times from the inside of the wall. It has been shown that increased pore size and increased pore content, which are analyzed by raster electron microscopy, are factors in the increase of macro stresses from the outside of the coupling wall.

Improved Decal Transfer Method to Reduce Membrane Damage from Foreign Particles in Membrane Electrode Assembly

Foreign particles unintentionally embedded in the membrane electrolyte assembly may be detrimental to polymer electrolyte fuel cell durability by dissolution of contaminants or puncture of the membrane. The presence of incidental particles may also affect the fuel cell production cost by imposing more stringent and costly quality control equipment and cleanroom facilities to the manufacturers. The present work aims to understand the impact of foreign particles deposited at the membrane—catalyst layer interface on the decal transfer process and the quality of the resulting catalyst coated membrane. Additionally, this work explores process related opportunities to mitigate material damage from said particles. Several samples are fabricated by specifically placing representative silica particles on the membrane surface subsequently laminated with catalyst layer using different decal transfer procedures. Non-destructive 3D X-ray computed tomography reveals that the model particles substantially penetrate the membrane during regular decal transfer conditions, leading to a vulnerable membrane state or even complete puncture. However, a tuned decal transfer method with modified pressure application rate and optimized supporting layers is shown to reduce membrane damage up to 69%. Additionally, finite element modeling shows that the tuned method can reduce membrane stress during fuel cell operation and thus benefit durability.

Analyzing the microstructure of cemented fills adding polypropylene-glass fibers with X-ray micro-computed tomography

Fiber reinforced cementitious tailings backfill (FRCTB) is progressively employed in mining industry due to its high strength/stiffness-to-weight ratio. However, the wide use of the FRCTB technique requires further study of the practice of many different types of fibers, either alone or in combination. In this regard, this paper explores the impact of composite (glass-polypropylene) fibers on microstructure of FRCTBs considering weak surface and pore characteristics. The fractures of backfills were quantitatively analyzed by a non-destructive X-ray micro-computed tomography system which permits imagining of the interior microstructures of backfills via the construction of 3D volumetric data in diverse spatial scales. Quantitative parameters cover percent weak surface, porosity, and pore sphericity. The spatial distribution of weak surfaces, pores, and fissures and the bridging effect of fibers were also analyzed based on the 3D reconstruction technique. Adding fibers increased the percentage of FRCTB's weak surface. The greater the glass fiber dose, the larger the percentage of the weak surface. Composite fibers can lessen FRCTB's porosity. The smallest FRCTB porosity was 0.07 % for glass and PP fiber contents of 0.4 wt% and 0.2 wt%, respectively. A rise in glass fiber dose causes a rise in volume of 10–100 mm3 pore content. Fibers have a greater impact on the volume of 0.1–100 mm3 pores, and the rise in glass fiber dose deteriorates shape of this type of pores, leading to a reduction in the sphericity of this type of pores. There is a clear correlation between the distribution patterns of weak surfaces, pores, and fissures along the height of the specimens. Weak surfaces and pores are prone to develop as fractures. Fibers can limit the crack expansion in FRCTB. Lastly, this study presents a time- and cost-saving method for analyzing FRCTB's microstructure.