Non-descript Goats Research Articles

Reproductive Traits in Berari Goats of Vidharbha Region of Maharashtra

The objective of this study was to examine the different benchmarks of reproductive traits in Berari goats. The Berari goat was recently recognised as India’s 23rd goat breed at the national level. The study was carried out for 18 months on 12 female Berari goat kids. The different benchmarks of reproductive traits observed non-significant difference in single and twins born kids such as age at puberty, age at maturity, duration of estrus, average weight at conception, age at kidding, time required for kidding and gestation length, which were found within normal range for the other breeds of goat. It was concluded that the Berari goat breed has lower age at first estrus, age at first kidding and higher reproductive performance, which can be exploited for improving the breeding efficiency of local non-descript goat population.

Prenatal development of leydig cells in nondescript male goats

Prenatal development of leydig cells in nondescript male goats

Upgradation of non-descript goats of Kalyana Karnataka with sirohi breed for increasing meat production

Upgradation of non-descript goats of Kalyana Karnataka with sirohi breed for increasing meat production

Influence of Sex on Some Body Measurement Traits of South African Non-Descript Goat Kids at Birth

Influence of Sex on Some Body Measurement Traits of South African Non-Descript Goat Kids at Birth

Regression tree analysis to predict body weight of South African non-descript goats raised at Syferkuil farm, Capricorn District of South Africa

Regression tree is the data mining algorithm method which contains a series of calculations that creates a model from collected data. Present study aimed to develop model to estimate body weight (BW) from biometric traits viz. withers height (WH), sternum height (SH), body length (BL), heart girth (HG) and rump height (RH). A total of eighty-three (n = 83) South African non-descript indigenous goats ( 54 females and 29 males) aged three months and above were used in the study. Pearson?s correlations and classification and regression tree (CART) as statistical techniques were used for data analysis. Correlation results indicated that there was a positive highly statistical significant (P < 0.01) correlation between BW and all biometric traits in both males and females, the positive highly statistical significant correlation was observed between BW and WH (r = 0.82) in female goats while in males the highest positive statistical significant correlation was detected between BW and BL (r = 0.83). CART model indicated that the BW mean was 29.868 kilograms (kg) as dependent variable and BL had the highest remarkable role in BW followed by SH, RH while the age had the least remarkable role in BW. This study suggests that BL, SH and RH might be used by South African non-descript goats? farmers as a selection criterion during breeding to improve BW of animal. More completive studies and experiments need to be done using CART to predict BW in more sample size of South African nondescript goats or other goat breeds.

Assessment of cross breeding technological intervention for improving the productive performance of local non-descript Goats

Assessment of cross breeding technological intervention for improving the productive performance of local non-descript Goats

Combination of albendazole and hydro-ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa as a mitigation strategy to combat benzimidazole resistance in goats

The efficacy of a combination of albendazole and Curcuma longa hydro-ethanolic extract was tested against benzimidazole resistant caprine nematodes in vivo employing faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). Forty non-descript goats, which were identified resistant to benzimidazoles by egg hatch assay were divided in four groups of ten each. Animals of group I were administered albendazole (@ 7.5mg/kg), those of group II were given hydro-ethanolic (50:50) extract of Curcuma longa (@500mg/kg), group III were administered with the combination of albendazole and Curcuma longa hydro-ethanolic extracts, while group IV animals were kept as untreated control. Faecal samples from each animal were collected on 0 day and 10th day and faecal egg counts (FEC) were assessed. The percentage reduction in FEC for group I, II, III and IV were 72%, 61%, 95% and 4%, respectively. FECRT indicated the efficacy of combination therapy by reducing 95% egg count in treated group of animals compared to controls, with a lower 95% confidence limit of 86%. The present experiment confirmed that the combination therapy can be used as one of the mitigating strategy to combat benzimidazole resistance. However, mass experimentation and further pharmacological investigation are required to validate the results.

Expression of Certain Pulmonary Proteins in the Tracheal Mucosa and Lungs of Pashmina, Bakerwali and Non-Descript Goats of U.T.s of Ladakh and Jammu & Kashmir

Expression of Certain Pulmonary Proteins in the Tracheal Mucosa and Lungs of Pashmina, Bakerwali and Non-Descript Goats of U.T.s of Ladakh and Jammu & Kashmir

Comparative Histomorphological Studies on the Lungs in Adult Pashmina, Bakerwali and Non-Descript Goats of Union Territories of Ladakh and Jammu and Kashmir

Comparative Histomorphological Studies on the Lungs in Adult Pashmina, Bakerwali and Non-Descript Goats of Union Territories of Ladakh and Jammu and Kashmir

Phenotypic and genotypic variability between two Nigerian indigenous goat population

In order to estimate the future breeding potential of a livestock breed, it is necessary to estimate the level of genetic diversity within the breed. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the phenotypic and genotypic variability within the West African dwarf (WAD) goats and a non-descript goat population. The WAD goats were obtained from Bodija market Ibadan, Oyo state, while the non-descript goats were obtained from the Animal Science Departmental Farm in Zaria, Kaduna State. Random collection of tissue samples was carried out on each goat population using an all flex ear punch tissue sample collector and aliquoted into plastic tubes containing the all flex preservative. DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing were carried out at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya. DNA was extracted from the tissue cells using the Pure Link™ Genomic DNA-minikit according to the manufacturer's specifications and protocol and 25 microsatellite markers as recommended by FAO/ISAG were used for genotyping. Twenty three of the 25 microsatellite markers used in this analysis had four or more alleles. The mean Shannon index (I), observed (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) and inbreeding coefficient (Fis) for the WAD goats were 1.568, 0.584, 0.679 and 0.167, respectively. For the non-descript goats, the mean Shannon index, observed and expected heterozygosity and inbreeding coefficient (Fis) were 1.607, 0.678, 0.721 and 0.041, respectively. The microsatellite markers used in this study showed their suitability for analysis of genetic variability in this population as demonstrated by the high mean Shannon index. This study has shown that these two goat populations are significantly different phenotypically and genetically. Also, both populations showed significant deviations (P<0.01) from Hardy-Weinberg expectations.

Comparative Micrometrical Studies on the Lungs of Pashmina, Bakerwali and Non-descript Goats of the Union Territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh

Background: The diversity of different climatic conditions and altitudes of UTs of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh (erstwhile J and K state) has given rise to differential adaptive mechanisms that enable goats to cope effectively with a variety of stressful environmental conditions. Jammu city (with an altitude of 327m to 412 m), like the rest of north-western India, features a humid subtropical climate. Ladakh is the dry temperate region and the highest plateau in the state of Jammu and Kashmir with much of it ranging from 3,000 m (9,800 ft) to 5,000–5,500 m (16,000–18,050 ft). There has been no systemic study on the probable comparative variation in micrometry of lungs in high altitude Pashmina goats of Ladakh and migratory Bakerwali and non-descript goats of Jammu and Kashmir, which live in regions with varied altitudes. Respiratory system plays a vital role in exchange of oxygen, olfaction, phonation and thermoregulation of the body. No literature on the comparative micrometry of the lungs in these three goat populations was found and such paucity of available literature prompted this present study. Methods: The work was done in the lung samples of adult Pashmina, Bakerwali and non-descript goats (N=10 each) collected from slaughter houses of UT of Ladakh and in and around Jammu city of UT of J and K. The representative tissue samples from lungs of all the goats were preserved in 10% Neutral Buffered Formalin (NBF) solution, processed for paraffin block preparation, tissue sections of 5 mm thickness were obtained and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin to record various micrometrical parameters. Results: Our study revealed that significantly largest alveolar diameter and thinnest inter alveolar septal thickness was recorded in Pashmina goats followed by Bakerwali and non-descript goats. This might be due to the adaptive morphological phenomenon of the Pashmina goats which are natural habitants of high altitudes of the Himalayan regions for better utilization of the oxygen in hypoxic conditions.

Clinico-physiological and haemato-biochemical evaluation of midazolam-ketofol anaesthesia in atropinized goats

The study was conducted on six healthy non-descript goats of either sex weighing between 20-25 kg by administrating atropine sulphate (0.04 mg/kg I/M) followed by midazolam (0.4 mg/kg I/M) and 15 min. later followed by induction of anaesthesia with ketofol (5mg/kg I/V). Sedation with drooping of head after midazolam administration within 8.20±0.58 min. After ketofol administration went into lateral recumbency and onset of anaesthesia was 0.62±0.14 min. Corneal, palpebral and anal pinch reflexes were abolished completely. Complete relaxation of all muscles of jaw, tail, anus, prepuce, neck and limb was observed but for short duration. There was complete analgesia and moderated salivation after ketofol anaesthesia. The average duration of anaesthesia was 33.71±1.08 min. after which sign of recovery such as raising of head, tail flicking appeared and complete recovery took 62.14±1.53 min. after ketofol anaesthesia. There was no significant variations in rectal temperature whereas a significant (P

Topographical and biometrical anatomy of duodenum in prenatal goats

To record the morphogenesis of different segments of duodenum, a study was conducted on the duodenum of formalin fixed 36 non-descript goat embryos/foeti. Embryos/foeti were equally divided into 3 groups as Gr-I (early prenatal period), aged between 23 to 50 days of gestation, Gr-II (mid prenatal period) between 51 to 100 days of gestation and Gr-III (late prenatal period) between 101 days to till kidding. The morphological observations were recorded after performing dissection through ventral abdominal wall. The duodenum was first time demarcated from other segments of small intestine at 43 days of gestation. At 45 days of gestation, the duodenum was devisable into three segments (cranial, descending and ascending). A constriction was observed first time between pyloric part of stomach and duodenum at 51 days of gestation. A distinct ‘S’ shaped curve (ansa sigmoidea) was observed at 51 days of gestation. A fold of peritoneum between descending and ascending part of duodenum was discernible at 92 days of gestation and related with ventral surface of right kidney at 97 days of gestation. The luminal surface of duodenum showed presence of villi at 75 days of gestation and longitudinal folds at 150 days of gestation. The mean length and diameter of the different segments of duodenum were significantly correlated with age of foeti.

Health status of non-descript goats travelling long distances to water source.

The objective of the study was to determine the influence of distance to water source on health status of non-descript weaners and does. The goats were situated at 0.25, 0.75, 1.25, 1.75, 2.25, 2.75 and 3.25km from the Pongola river. Body condition score (BCS) declined faster in male weaners than female weaners as the distance to water source increased (P < 0.001). The rate of decline in BCS was similar between does and female weaners as the distance to water source increased (P > 0.05). Rectal temperature (RT) of all goat classes increased with an increase in distance to water source (P < 0.05). Rate of change in RT was higher in female weaners than male weaners and does as the distance to water source increased (P < 0.01). The increase in FAMACHA scores was higher in male weaners than does and female weaners as the distance to water source increased (P < 0.05). Does had the smallest drop in packed cell volume (PCV) than female and male weaners as the distance to water source increased (P > 0.05). All goat classes were severely affected by the distance to water source; however, the effects were more adverse in male weaners than in female weaners and does. Body condition score and PCV declined, whereas RT and FAMACHA increased with an increase in distance travelled by goats to the water source. It can be concluded that both male and female weaners were more susceptible to increasing distance to water source.

Comparative Biometrical Studies on the Trachea and Lungs in Adult Pashmina, Bakerwali and Non-descript Goats of Jammu &amp; Kashmir State

Comparative Biometrical Studies on the Trachea and Lungs in Adult Pashmina, Bakerwali and Non-descript Goats of Jammu &amp; Kashmir State

Differentiating characteristics among three new goat populations from northern India

Three non-descript goat populations, viz. Kumaoni and Garhwali of Uttarakhand hills, and Rohilkhandi of upper Ganges alluvial plain of Uttar Pradesh (India) were characterized phenotypically with standard morphometric parameters. The animals were also evaluated for their reproductive and production performance. The null hypothesis that Garhwali, Kumaoni and Rohilkhandi goat populations are same was tested using value of discriminant functions (D), Wilks’ Lambda and Box’s M statistics. The classification results revealed that 84.9% of all the goats were correctly classified to their own population. This could be used by livestock development agencies to take up appropriate breeding program for the improvement of native stock for future genetic conservation. The milk composition of Uttarakhand goats did not differ much due to geographic identities except for milk fat percentage. The study revealed that body height, body length, horn pattern, face length, and chest girth were the most discriminating and unique variables to separate Rohilkhandi, Kumaoni and Garhwali goat populations.

Dystocia due to Diprospus Parapagus fetus and its Successful Delivery through C- Section in a Non-Descript Goat

The present paper reports the successful delivery of a dicephalus monster fetus through Caesarean section and the features of dicephalic fetus in non-descript goat as recorded.

Comparative fatty-acid profile and atherogenicity index of milk from free grazing Nguni, Boer and non-descript goats in South Africa

This study aimed to determine and compare the fatty acid composition and atherogenecity index of milk fat from Nguni, Boer and non-descript at two different sampling periods. The goats (n = 10 for each goat genotypes) were raised under an extensive system of husbandry. Milk samples were collected from each individual goat to determine fatty acids, as methyl esters, using gas chromatography. The result revealed significant differences (P < 0.05) in fatty acid profiles among the three goat genotypes for butyric, caproic, myristic, palmitic, stearic, vaccenic, linoleic, conjugated linoleic, α-linolenic, arachidic, eicosatrienoic and docosapentaenoic acids, among other milk fats. The time of milk sampling also had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on caproic, lauric, myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, margaric, stearic, linoleic, arachidonic, docosapentaenoic and conjugated linoleic acids of milk fat. In addition, Nguni goats’ milk fat had a healthier fatty acid than those of Boer and non-descript goats, characterized by a lower content in saturated fatty acid (68.65, 73.77 and 71.73 (P < 0.05), respectively). Goat genotypes and milk sampling time had an influence on the fatty acid composition of goat milk. These findings support the fact that goat milk is an important source of health-promoting substances and support the sustainable use of animal genetic resources to improve goat milk fat quality, and hence deserve further investigation with local indigenous goat breeds.

A case report of ear pinna fibrosarcoma in a non-descript goat

A 5 years old non-descript female goat was presented to Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal for treatment with the history of progressive growth at the base of the left ear pinna. Grossly, the mass was large, circular and firm in consistency. The whole left ear pinna along with entire mass was removed surgically. Tissue pieces from multiple areas of the mass were collected in 10% formalin and processed for histopathological examination. Microscopically, the mass consisted of interwoven bundles of immature fibroblasts and intermixed with elongated muscle fibers. The histomorphology pattern of the tumour was studied by Van Gieson stain to differentiate muscle cell with connective tissue collagen fibers. The cells were fusiform to ovoid shape with hyperchromatic and elongated/plump nuclei. Based on histopathological picture and special staining, the case was confirmed as fi brosarcoma. This case report describes the successful surgical removal of fibrosarcoma on ear pinna in a non-descriptive female goat.

Sheep Rearing for Enhanced Nutritional Security and Income Generation in Rural Rainfed Area of Telangana

Sheep farming is the strength of South India where chevon is preferred species for meat, but in some of the areas of Telangana, its farming has been discontinued due to forage unavailability. Rural masses are already suffering from food and nutritional deficiencies. In order to improve nutrient availability of poor households in rural areas of Vikarabad district, Telangana, low input technology sheep farming coupled with improved forage production has been introduced under farmers FIRST project for supplementing the earnings of poor farmer. Deccani and Nellore sheep breeds each five ewes and one doe were given to geo-tagged, pre-trained six small farmers from Gangupalle village (17.30° N, 77.98° E), Pudur Mandal, Vikarabad District, Telangana, India for rearing. For comparison, the performance of 14 non-descript goats were also monitored. The nutritional status pre-and post-intervention was assessed and as per the revenue generated from selling of sheep, 70% of money were allocated for egg, chicken and chevon purchases for family consumption. On adult unit basis, diet was deficient in energy as well as protein and it had too low energy levels to meet their Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) requirements. After the intervention, the energy deficiency in diet was reduced to meet out BMR requirement in all categories of people in the family. The diet chart revealed that females and children were more deficient in diet than males in an ideal family of six people. After the intervention, the diet was excess in protein to the tune of 14.27, 3.73 and 63.02% in the male, female and children, respectively. The study revealed significant higher production performances of indigenous sheep (76.4% better body weight) over the non-descript goat has a better support system to livelihood and nutritional security in the dryland region.