The depletion of recoverable reserves of crude oil in the world requires a qualified approach to the problem of processing oil residues, the share of which increases with the involvement in the turnover of high-viscosity oils and natural bitumen with high density, viscosity and low yield of light fractions. The Institute of Petrochemical Processing has traditionally been engagedin the development of the problem of non-catalytic processing of heavy oil raw materials since the beginning of its existence. The work summarizes the developments Institute of Petrochemical Processing in this field, carried out for almost 20 years, part of which it has already received industrial implementation, and the rest is ready for implementation.