Non-Black Soil Zone Research Articles

TRAINING SPECIALISTS OF SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AT THE MARI STATE UNIVERSITY: HISTORY AND MODERNITY

The relevance of the study is determined by the importance of studying the specifics of implementing secondary vocational education in higher education institutions on the example of the Mari State University. The purpose of the study is to consider the trajectory of training middle–level specialists in a higher education institution on the example of the Mari State University as a modern educational trend. Materials and methods. When writing the article, both general scientific (analysis, description) and special historical methods (historical-comparative, historical-statistical) were used. The use of various methods makes it possible to carry out a qualitative analysis and generalization of information about secondary vocational education at the Mari State University and its branch. The work is based primarily on the analysis of previously unknown archival documents extracted from the funds of the Council of Ministers of the Mari ASSR, the State Archive of the Republic of Mari El and the funds of the Museum of the Mari Agrarian College. Materials from published sources and scientific literature on the problems of secondary vocational education were also used. Study results. In the modern domestic research field, there are not enough works considering training of middle–level specialists at a classical university, as well as the multifaceted history of the Mari Agricultural College – the “forge of personnel for the Mari Nonblack Soil Zone.” The work uses previously unpublished documents on the activities of the Mari Agricultural College from the fund of the State Archive of the Republic of Mari El and the funds of the archive and the museum of the Mari Agricultural College (branch) of the Mari State University, as well as modern statistical data on secondary vocational education at the Mari State University. Conclusions. It is concluded that secondary vocational education in the university structure is an important component for any developing higher education institution. The Mari State University, engaged in training middle-level specialists at faculties, institutes and its branch, maintains its status as a multi-level educational institution and confirms the importance of secondary vocational education in the Russian education system.

РОЛЬ ФУНГИЦИДОВ В ПОВЫШЕНИИ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ ОЗИМЫХ СУРЕПИЦЫ И РАПСА

The paper analyses long-term studies into the effectiveness of fungicidal treatment of winter turnip rape and winter rapeseed with preparations PiktorAktiv, Karamba Duo. The studies were conducted on dark gray soils of Ryazan region; the experiment was set up in 2018–2022. The experiment revealed that variants treated with the Piktor Aktiv and Karamba Duo preparations had high survival of plants for harvesting. On average, over the experimental period, variants Severyanin + PiktorAktiv, Karamba Duo 70.1 % (87.6 pcs/m2 ), and F1 Mercedes + PiktorAktiv, Karamba Duo 68.4 % (85,5 pieces/m2 ) had the maximum survival rate of rapeseed plants. The effective action of fungicides PiktorAktiv and Karamba Duo was also traced with turnip rape variants: the survival rate was 51.9 % (103.8 pcs/m2 ) in variety Enigma, it was 49.1 % (98.2 pcs/m2 ) in variety Zarya. On average, the study results demonstrated the maximum gain in the variant of winter turnip rape treated with fungicides PiktorAktiv, Karamba Duo: the F1 Mercedes hybrid had 26.7 c/ha (+3.7 c/ha, or +16.0 %); the Severyanin variety had 26.6 centners/ha (+3.6 centners/ha, or +15.6 %). The studies proved the efficacy of fungicidal preparations in agrocenoses of winter oilseed crops of the Brassica family. The research studies showed high productivity of winter turnip rape varieties Enigma and Zarya, winter rapeseed variety Severyanin and hybrid Mercedes grown in the conditions of the southern part of the Non-Black soil zone of Russia.

The results of chemical reclamation of the soil component of natural and seeded meadows in the Non-Black Soil Zone of the Russian Federation

The reclamation role of the preparation Kovelos in relation to elements of the heavy metal group – copper and zinc - has been proven: a decrease in their gross concentration when applying a silicon-containing nanopreparation at a dose of 120 kg/ha is statistically significant. Thus, soil grassing in combination with the introduction of a silicon–containing preparation is an effective method of land reclamation in aerotechnogenic pollution areas. It was found that during the four-year period of meliorant application, OCC values in soils grassed with natural and seeded vegetation increased for 3 and 4 years of observation. The differences in the OCC fixation differ unreliably with the variants without the addition of nanosilicon, nevertheless, OCC reserves increase significantly. The range of OCC accumulation as a result of long-term use of chemical meliorant is as follows: caper euphorbia + oats > common timothy > cow clover > koeleria-red fescue > two-source > cow parsnip-foxtail. The use of synthetic amorphous silicon dioxide leads to cheaper reclamation methods, reduced labor and energy costs, the use of an affordable and cheap drug, and the action complexity.

Multidimensional Comparative Analysis of the Development of Agriculture in the Regions of the Northwestern Federal District

The development of the agrarian sector in the conditions of the Northern Nonchernozem belt of Russia (the Nonblack Soil Zone) provides for food security at the level of the regions. Diagnostics of agriculture at a regional level taking into account an investment component allows identifying the vectors of its development with the consideration of the complex of the factors.The purpose of the research – the working-out and practical approval of the methodology of a multidimensional comparative analysis of the development of agriculture through the example of the territorial subjects of the Northwestern Federal district.Materials and methods. The research is based on the study of earlier published academic papers of the scientists in the area of the appliance of the statistical methods by the evaluation of the dynamics of the development of the regions and diagnostics of the condition of the agrarian sector. The use of regulatory legal acts of the industry development and data provided by Rosstat (Federal State Statistics Service) insured the objectivity of the conducted calculations. The use of the classical statistical methods, including the multidimensional comparative analysis, provided for the systematic approach to the evaluation of the development of agriculture at the regional level.Results. The developed methodology of a complex comparative evaluation of the regions proposes the multidimensional comparison of indexes characterizing each object submitted in a form of the system of indexes divided into problem sections. As the result of algorithm realization and a calculation ordering specified by the methodology for each region, an integrated index of the complex comparative evaluation of the development of the sector of agriculture was received in comparison with the other regions of the Northwestern Federal District. The received comparative evaluation on problem sections and subsections of indexes and integrated across their whole system serves as a basis for forming-up of ratings of the compared regions for defining their weak and strong points in the development of the studied sector. The methods of the analysis includes norm setting of each index on an aggregate basis of the compared regions, calculation of specific comparative evaluations for each one in a matrix form, creating a midline evaluation table, based on the calculation of the sum of their values throughout the system of analyzed indexes of the condition and development of agriculture for each region. The generalization of the evaluation result is realized by the summation of earlier calculated indexes. An integral estimation of the regions is based on bringing the obtained generalized comparative evaluations to a non-negative form and the percentage expression of their values. The analysis of the specific comparative evaluations of each problem section allows determining the impact of the factor corresponding to this section in creation of the value of an integrated evaluation, therefore estimating the problematic sides of the development of the agricultural sector in comparative evaluation with the situation existing in other regions.Conclusion. The diagnostics of the development of agriculture based on the suggested methodology allows defining the key factors of the implementation of the development strategy of the sector for making reasonable managerial decisions.

Adaptation possibilities and changes in the bioecology of <i>Cydia pomonella L.</i> in the central region of the non-black soil zone of russia on the background of global warming

Adaptation possibilities and changes in the bioecology of <i>Cydia pomonella L.</i> in the central region of the non-black soil zone of russia on the background of global warming

The effectiveness of the use of Aminozol and Lebozol on the yield of winter garlic

This article discusses the results of an experiment to grow hardneck garlic in the Moscow region. The study used Russian hardneck garlic varieties of Odintsovsky Jubilee and Streletz and found that they had high flavor qualities and were recommended for cultivation in the non-black soil zone of Russia. The experiments were conducted in 2021-2022 at the «Horticulture and vegetable growing» of Gardening and Horticulture named after V.I. Edelstein. The results showed that the double application of organic fertilizer of Aminozol and Lebozol-Full Care during the vegetative period led to an increase in yield for all tested varieties. On the Odintsovsky Jubilee variety, the organic fertilizer Aminozol had a positive effect on increasing the average mass of bulbs by 26.9% compared to the control and 13% compared to the treatment with Lebozol-Full Care. The study also noted an increase in the average mass of bulbs due to the mass of each clove. The variety Streltets when treated with Aminozol and Lebozol-Full Care fertilizers increased the mass of the bulb by 17.7% and 10.9% compared to the control. Research has established a positive effect of organic Aminozol Lebozol - Full Care fertilizers on the productivity and yield of winter garlic.

The effect of drip irrigation on the formation of the root system of raspberry seedlings in the conditions of the Non-black soil zone of Russia

Relevance. Currently, there is an acute problem of meeting the growing demand for berry and fruit products. One of the ways to intensify agricultural production in the field of horticulture and crop production is to increase the efficiency of environmental management through the use of resource-saving technologies. One of these technologies is drip irrigation, which improves the quality of crop production.Materials and methods. Field studies were carried out on the territory of the educational and experimental farm of the laboratory "Michurinsky Garden" of the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. The experiment was established in the fall of 2018 and is a two-factor study of various levels of moisture on the growth and development of raspberry seedlings. The first factor included options for maintaining soil moisture in the range: 1) control (without irrigation); 2) not less than 60% of the lowest moisture capacity; 3) not less than 70% of the lowest moisture capacity; 4) not less than 80% of the lowest moisture capacity. The second factor was the raspberry varieties Solnyshko and Nagrada.Results. Constructed moisture contours according to the study options showed that drip irrigation contributes to the optimum moisture concentration in the soil for seedlings. The most developed root system in comparison with the control was obtained on irrigated variants with maintaining a moisture content of at least 70 and 80% of the lowest moisture capacity. Here, the maximum values of the volume of the root system, the number of roots, and the average length of the root were obtained. It was revealed that in variants with irrigation, the root system of seedlings spreads in the upper layer (mainly 5-15 cm).

Scenario Forecasting of the Agri-Food Sphere in Rural Territories Development in the Conditions of Digital Economy Formation

The study aims to scientifically substantiate the application of the scenario approach in predicting the development of the agri-food sector in rural areas. The conceptual novelty of the study is that it develops a scenario forecasting algorithm for the development of the agri-food sector of rural areas in the digital economy. It also clarifies methodological approaches and recommendations for forecasting production volumes of certain agri-food products at the zonal level. The paper shows that digitalization is one of the critical factors that directly ensure an increase in agribusiness efficiency in the current conditions in agriculture. An assessment of the impact of digital transformation processes on the activities of agricultural producers is given, and the advantages of using modern digital technologies in the agricultural sector are highlighted. Furthermore, the results of scenario forecasting of production volumes of agri-food products by farms of all categories are presented in the example of the non-black soil zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The study’s preliminary results are as follows: the world experience in scientific research on the use of digital technologies in the activities of agricultural producers was generalized.

DYNAMIC PARAMETERS OF PRODUCTIONAL PROCESS OF EARLY RIPENING SOYBEAN VARIETIES DEPENDING ON MOISTURE CONDITIONS OF THE VEGETATION PERIOD

Due to change of temperature and moisture regime and the shift of the isotherm of the sum of active temperatures from north to south in the Central region of Non-Black Soil zone, it became possible to expand the areas occupied by soybean crops and introduce new crops to more northern regions. In this regard, it became necessary to analyze the change of dynamic parameters of development of early-ripening soybean varieties of different origin - the northern ecotype, southern and Far Eastern ones in the conditions of the Central region of the Non-lack Soil zone with sufficient moisture supply as well as arid conditions during the growing season. The studied soybean varieties had differences in the growing season duration and the sum of active temperatures. The growing season of varieties of the northern ecotype was 85–100 days, the sum of active temperatures was 1700–1900°C; as for the southern ones: 90–105 days and 1900–2200°C; and the Far Eastern varieties: 95–105 days and 2000–2300°C. The maximum dry biomass averaged 5400–5700 kg/ha under conditions of favorable hydrothermal regime of the growing season, and did not exceed 3400 kg/ha under dry conditions. It was found that in case of sufficient moisture supply (HTC = 1–1.5), the southern varieties are more consistent with the possible variability of thermal resources in the Central region of the Non-Black Soil zone in terms of development than the Far Eastern ones and, along with the varieties of the northern ecotype, can be recommended for cultivation in the region. As far as arid conditions (HTC < 1) is concerned, no fundamental differences between the groups of varieties in terms of production process characteristics were revealed. The duration of the growing season correlated with the temperature and moisture regime of the growing season. The growing season was reduced by 5–8 days on average for varieties in dry years (HTC < 1), in wet years (HTC > 1.6) it increased by 6–10 days.

Особенности современного размещения производства продукции сельского хозяйства в российском Нечерноземье

The macro-region Nonblack Soil Zone plays an important role in the development of the Russian economy, ensuring its food security. With the transition of the country to market relations, the distribution of agricultural production in all its regions has been transformed. These changes for the Nonblack Soil Zone have not been properly studied. This study focuses on the patterns of change in the location of agricultural production in the Nonblack Soil Zone. Research methodology relies on a combination of statistical analysis methods with heuristic methods (taking into account zonal and azonal factors) based on the use of fundamental works on agricultural zoning. The study has established trends towards a decrease in the role of the Nonblack Soil Zone in the all-Russian production of crop products and towards its growth for livestock products. An excessive concentration of production in pig and poultry farming has been revealed. On the basis of zonal factors, the northern, central, and southern groups of regions are identified. Taking into account the azonal factors, the central regions are divided into two subgroups: the main agricultural regions and those with suburban agriculture. The research has established Tendencies in changing the location of agricultural production. The authors have concluded that the main zone of commercial production of grain (except rye) and industrial crops (except fiber flax) is the group of southern regions, and the commercial production of winter rye, oats, fiber flax is the agrarian regions of the central zone. For the southern regions, there is a trend of high growth rates of corn for grain, sugar beet, sunflower. The group of central regions is the main producer of livestock goods. Given the trends, the role of the southern regions in the production of beef cattle and poultry products will increase in the future. In regions with suburban farming, the dairy specialization of cattle breeding is on the rise and the production of eggs and all types of livestock for slaughter is decreasing. Meanwhile, in the group of northern regions, the development of dairy and meat cattle breeding, the production of potatoes and vegetables is likely to improve.

АГРОКЛИМАТИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА РЕГИОНОВ НЕЧЕРНОЗЕМНОЙ ЗОНЫ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ И ОЦЕНКА ПРИГОДНОСТИ ДЛЯ ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЯ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ РАННЕСПЕЛЫХ СОРТОВ СОИ

An increase of warm period durati on has been recorded in the Central Non- Black Soil region in recent years, which occurs due to a rise of the number of days with positi ve temperatures: the transiti on through 0 ° C towards an increase in temperatures occurs earlier, and towards a decrease - later than the accepted average long-term values. The aim of the research was to analyze the parameters of climate change in the Central Non-Black Soil Region and to indicate the displacement of the northern border of the acceptable distributi on of soybean crops in the region. As a result of studying of agrometeorological database for a 40-year period from 1981 to 2020, the Central Economic Region of the Non-Black Soil Zone of the Russian Federati on was noti onally divided into 3 agroecological regions: northern, central and southern. The division was based on climati c temperature factors - the average temperature during the vegetati on season and the sum of acti ve temperatures during the growing season. Along with temperatures, the amount of precipitati on and the value of HTC for the vegetati on season were analyzed. Changes of agroclimati c conditi ons in the agroecological regions of the Central Economic Region of the Non-Black Soil Zone of the Russian Federati on are currently signifi cantly diff erent: as for the northern agroecological region (Tver, Yaroslavl, Kostroma regions), the sum of temperatures is 2000–2200 ° С, the HTC is 1.4–1.7, the amount of precipitati on is 285– 295. The sum of temperatures in the central agroecological region (Smolensk, Moscow, Kaluga, Vladimir, Ivanovo regions) is 2200–2400 ° C, the HTC is 1.1–1.4, the amount of precipitati on is 265–285. And the sum of temperatures in the southern agroecological region (Bryansk, Oryol, Ryazan, Tula regions) is 2400–2600 ° С, the HTC is 0.7–1.1, the amount of precipitati on is 255–265. In general, the local climate change in the Central Economic Region of the Non-Black Soil Zone of the Russian Federati on led to a shift of the sum isotherm of acti ve temperatures by 150–200 km towards high lati tudes. Early varieti es of soybeans are able to form a stable yield in the changed weather conditi ons of the Central Economic Region of the Non-Black Soil Zone of the Russian Federati on. Biological temperature minima are maintained at all stages of growth and development, maturati on occurs in August - early September.

The effect of chemical agents on the productivity of crop rotations with legumes and cereals in the conditions of unstable moisture in the south of the Non-Black Soil Zone of Russia

The article summarizes the results of 1990-2012 research conducted during the stationary experiment on leached heavy loam chernozem in the Republic of Mordovia. The objects of the study are two crop rotations (grain-grass-fallow and grain-grass crop rotations) where alfalfa of the VEGA 87 variety was used as a bean component, smooth brome (Bromus inermis) Penza 1 was used as a grain component. It has been established that mineral fertilizers in grain-grass-fallow crop rotations with legumes increased productivity by 0.34-0.55, with cereals – by 0.31-0.73 tons of feed units/ha. That provided to get additional income from 1.19 to 1.40 and 1.09 to 1.47 rub/rub, respectively. Recommended doses of mineral fertilizers against soil liming by 0.5 hydrolytic acidity (h.a,) were N22-39P42K52, for grain-grass-fallow crop rotation with alfalfa and N27-71P42K52. with smooth brome. In the grain-grass crop rotation with legume and cereal components the payback of 1 kg active ingredient (a.i.) of complete mineral fertilizer was 6.13 and 6.17 kg feed units, additional income was 2.00 and 1.99 rub/rub, the productivity increased by 0.86-1.08 and 0.84-1.22 tons of feed units/ha, respectively. The payback of 1 kg of a. i. nitrogen as part of a complete mineral fertilizer in this crop rotation averaged 13.04 kg feed units versus 11.5 kg in legumes. Recommended doses of mineral fertilizers were N26-87P46K65 against the background of liming of the soil by 0.5-1.0 h. a. In crop rotation with smooth brome phosphorus-potash fertilizers should not be applied due to the low additional income (0.97-1.07 rub/rub).

Implementation of the productivity potential of forage crops in the west of the Briansk region

In the non-black soil zone of Russia on sod-podzolic and floodplain soils, the adaptive properties of forage crops of the bluegrass family were assessed in terms of ecological stability and plasticity and the effect of mineral fertilizers on them according to the yield criterion. The analysis of changes in the yield of forage crops was carried out from 2009 to 2015. It was characterized by different weather conditions. As a result of the research, it was found that the environmental index varied over the years from –6.36 to 6.08. The highest adaptation coefficient was observed in Sudanese grass (1.37) and millet (1.33). The smallest yield variability was found in the cultivation of awnless brome (10.8%), millet (13.2%) and annual ryegrass (14.6%). The highest stress resistance was found in one-year ryegrass (–6.00) awnless brome (–6.20) and oats (–6.50) – the main forage crops in the study area. The minimum value of the yield range in contrasting conditions was set in millet (20.4) and awnless brome (22.0). The most stable crops in obtaining the harvest were two-source reed, annual ryegrass, Scleranthus, meadow fescue and Sudanese grass. Sudanese grass, millet and oats were the most responsive to changes in cultivation conditions. The most intense (bi = 2.40, and Sd 2 = 0.39) fodder crop in the western Briansk region is Sudan grass, while millet and oats are highly responsive in combination with low yield stability. The awnless brome reacts poorly to the improvement of external conditions, but has a fairly high yield stability. The use of mineral fertilizers increases the environmental index, adaptation, variability of the yield of forage crops, increases the gap between the maximum and minimum yield, and also enhances the stability and reduces the responsiveness of crops to environmental changes.

ЛИСТОВОЙ ФОТОСИНТЕТИЧЕСКИЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ АГРОЦЕНОЗА ТОПИНАМБУРА

In Russian Non-Black Soil Zone, plantings of Jerusalem artichoke are capable of forming a powerful foliar photosynthetic potential in any year. However, it reaches its highest value in warm, humid years (on average, according to the experiment, 5.2–5.9 million m2 x day/ha) when 1/3 of the calculated NPK dose per yield is 400 c/ha. Higher yields of biomass, on average, in 1 year of use (502–508 c/ha), it accumulates with a foliar photosynthetic potential of 3.7–4.1 million m2 x day/ha, and in the second year (366–368 c/ha) – 2.6–2.7 million m2 x day/ha. The accumulation of the phytomass crop in Skorospelka Jerusalem artichoke variety is important not only for the total power of LFP, but also for the course of its formation during the growing season. In the studies at the Tver State Agricultural Academy, the largest part of the LFP was created during 80 days of vegetation, 40 days after germination, with a maximum within 40 days, 60 days after germination. This coincides with the period of mass plant budding. It has been proved that the formation of an excessively large foliar area of Jerusalem artichoke agrocenosis is not accompanied by an increase in yield. In humid warm years (2006), higher yields in 1 year are formed with such graphs of growth of the Jerusalem artichoke foliar area, when on the 20th day it reaches the level of 40 thousand m2 /ha, on the 40th – 70, on the 60th – a maximum of 82 thousand. m2 /ha, at the level of 60 thousand m2/ha it remains for another 50 days, and before harvesting it decreases only to 46 thousand m2 /ha. In dry warm years (2007), high yields of tubers (343–348 c/ha) in terms of organic or mineral background accumulate at lower parameters of the foliar area with maxima of 32–42 thousand m2 /ha, while maintaining such sizes for another 20–30 days, and for harvesting – 14–15 thousand m2 /ha. In wet cold years (2008), higher yields of biomass are formed when it reaches a maximum of 50–53 thousand m2 /ha on the 60th day, remains in this state for another 20 days, then decreases to 31 and by harvesting – 14.6 thousand m2 /ha.

Влияние капельного орошения на рост и развитие саженцев сливы в питомнике в условиях Центрального Нечерноземья России

One of the possible ways to ensure safety is to use drip irrigation, which also improves the quality and productivity of crops. The aim of the work is to study the availability of moisture in the soil for the growth and development of cream seedlings grown in a fruit nursery in the conditions of the Non-Black Soil Zone of Russia. Research conducted on the lands of the educational experimental farm of the fruit-growing laboratory «Michurinsky Garden» of the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy in 2018 and 2019. The results of field experience indicate that for a more rational use of irrigation water and obtaining highquality vegetable oils in the nursery, it is recommended to use an irrigation regime with maintaining soil moisture in the range of 80–100 % lowest moisture capacity with a dredging depth of 30 cm in the first year and 40 cm in the second year.

The influence of drip irrigation on growth of plum seedlings in central non-black soil zone of European Russia

One of the methods of environmentally friendly irrigation is drip irrigation, which also improves the quality and yield of agricultural and fruit crops. The aim of the work was to study the effect of different moisture content of the soil on the growth and development of plum seedlings grown in a fruit nursery in the conditions of the Non-Black Soil Zone of European Russia. For the rational use of irrigation water and obtaining high-quality plum planting material in the nursery, it is recommended to use an irrigation regime with maintaining soil moisture in the range of 80-100% lowest moisture capacity with a soaking depth of 30 cm in the first year and 40 cm in the second year.

Effect of Gibberellin Responsive Reduced Height Allele Rht13 on Agronomic Traits in Spring Bread Wheat in Field Experiment in Non-Black Soil Zone

The introduction of gibberellin-responsive reduced height (GAR Rht) alleles is a promising tool for breeding semi-dwarf, high-input varieties of wheat. We have compared recombinant isogenic lines F2:3 carrying dwarfing allele Rht13 and without dwarfing alleles, obtained from the cross of isogenic lines and selected from F2 using molecular markers. After phenotyping and statistical analysis, we found that the Rht13 allele reduces total plant height by 13.0 cm (17.4%), while the proportions between the internodes in tall and short plants remain similar. The greatest decrease in length in plants with Rht13 in comparison to wild-type plants is observed for the second internode (5.3 cm, or 31.9%). Due to the presence of Rht13, semi-dwarf plants, compared to the wild type, had a higher grain number per main spike, grain number per spikelet and higher number of productive tillers, and a slightly higher harvest index, although thousand grain weight and grain weight in the main spike were lower. Our results indicate the possibility of using Rht13 in the breeding of wheat varieties without dramatic negative effects on yield and plant development.

Некоторые аспекты модернизации экономики Нечерноземья (на примере Вологодской области)

Некоторые аспекты модернизации экономики Нечерноземья (на примере Вологодской области)

Foresight as an innovative tool for strategic planning of sustainable rural development

The research goal is to offer specific practical recommendations to design a foresight strategy for sustainable rural development. The paper shows that foresight is one of the key innovative tools for devising and implementing sustainable rural development strategy. The work presents the foresight exercise results on the Bashkortostan Republic's per capita food requirement for up to 2030. The cluster and foresight technologies formed the basis of a cluster scenario for the sustainable development of rural territories in the region's non-black soil zone. Target indicators that reflect the long-term economic development of rural territories were worked out. The main results include planning and implementing the foresight methodology of rural development, the foresight of long-term economic development of rural territories.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ САЖЕНЦЕВ СЛИВЫ, ВЫРАЩИВАЕМЫХ В ПЛОДОВОМ ПИТОМНИКЕ ПРИ КАПЕЛЬНОМ ОРОШЕНИИ

There is currently a lack of capacity in the Russian nursery-garden, as a result of which a significant part of the planting material comes from abroad. Drip irrigation is one of the types of resource-saving technologies that can intensify agricultural production, including in the field of growing planting stock for gardening. The goal of the work was to study the effect of drip irrigation on the formation of plum seedlings grown in a fruit nursery under the conditions of the central Nonblack Soil zone of Russia. Field studies were conducted on the territory of the educational-experimental farm of the Michurinsky Garden fruit-growing laboratory of the Russian State Agrarian University–Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. A two-factor field experiment was laid in spring 2018. The first factor is the drip irrigation mode; the second factor is the plum varieties (Mashenka and Utro) grafted on cherry plum stock. The results of the experiment show that an irrigation mode with maintaining soil moisture in the range of 80–100% of the lowest moisture capacity with a soaking depth of 30 cm in the first year and 40 cm in the second year is recommended to more rationally use irrigation water and to obtain high-quality plum planting material in the nursery. This irrigation mode was noted to result in the maximum values of the stem diameter, height of seedlings, and leaf surface area.