Nonwoven Fabric Composites Research Articles

Functional performance of composite nonwoven fabrics having varying packing density of constituent fabrics under different operating conditions

In this study, two types of composite nonwoven fabrics having gradient and inverse gradient of packing density of constituent fabrics were developed and tested for their filtration performance at different operating conditions. These composite nonwoven fabrics were produced by using sequential punching technique by varying the punch densities of the constituent fabrics. Box–Behnken three factors three level design was used, and air velocity, weight of dust fed, and operating time were considered as variables. An instrument for gauging the filtration performance of the composite nonwoven filters was designed and fabricated. The packing density of nonwoven fabrics was measured by using the X-ray computed tomography (XCT) technique. The results depicted those composite nonwoven fabrics having inverse gradient of packing density of constituent fabrics outperformed the composite nonwoven fabrics having gradient of packing density in terms of filtration performance with variable operating conditions.

Polylactic Acid Composite Nonwoven Fabric Incorporating Nano-Silver Coated Titanium Dioxide for Photocatalytic Degradation of Carbaryl in Water

Polylactic Acid Composite Nonwoven Fabric Incorporating Nano-Silver Coated Titanium Dioxide for Photocatalytic Degradation of Carbaryl in Water

Extraction of γ-chitosan from insects and fabrication of PVA/γ-chitosan/kaolin nanofiber wound dressings with hemostatic properties

A nanofiber-based composite nonwoven fabric was fabricated for hemostatic wound dressing, integrating polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), kaolin, and γ-chitosan extracted from three type of insects. The γ-chitosan extracted from Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis exhibited the highest yield at 21.5%, and demonstrated the highest moisture-binding capacity at 535.6%. In the fabrication process of PVA/kaolin/γ-chitosan nonwoven fabrics, an electrospinning technique with needle-less and mobile spinneret was utilized, producing nanofibers with average diameters ranging from 172 to 277 nm. The PVA/kaolin/γ-chitosan nonwoven fabrics demonstrated enhanced biocompatibility, with cell survival rates under certain compositions reaching up to 86.9% (compared to 74.2% for PVA). Furthermore, the optimized fabric compositions reduced blood coagulation time by approximately 2.5-fold compared to PVA alone, highlighting their efficacy in hemostasis. In other words, the produced PVA/kaolin/γ-chitosan nonwoven fabrics offer potential applications as hemostatic wound dressings with excellent biocompatibility and improved hemostatic performance.Graphical abstract

Polyimide (PI) Composite Spunlace Nonwovens for Hygiene Material with Excellent Comfort and Antimicrobial Properties

Nonwoven fabrics with appropriate hydrophilicity and potent antimicrobial properties hold important promise for hygiene applications. However, existing materials with certain limitations and complex manufacturing steps, along with the unavoidable use of chemicals in the process, are limited to a certain extent in terms of the balance between comfort and antimicrobial properties. In this paper, a polyimide (PI) fiber was reported to be used for the preparation of PI composite nonwoven fabrics (5-P), which can effectively enhance the surface hydrodynamic and antimicrobial properties of the nonwoven by a one-step plasma treatment on one side. After treatment, the one-sided water contact angle (WCA) changed from 121.5° to 68.5°, and the permeation volume from 0.7 to 2.1 g, with a relative increase of 181.9%. Meanwhile, the reverse osmosis amount was only 0.5 g, achieving rapid permeation while keeping a low reverse osmosis amount. The antimicrobial experiment showed that plasma-treated 5-P exhibited 64.3% and 91.6% inhibitory properties against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Notably, the production process of antimicrobial 5-P was fast and efficient without the addition of any chemicals. This method has great potential for the industrial preparation of antimicrobial comfort materials on a large scale, which is competitive in the medical, sanitary materials, and personal care fields.

A solution to improve the thermal efficiency of the exterior shell of a building using natural non-woven composite materials

امروزه، ارتباط علم بیومیمیکری با رشته‌های مختلف ازجمله معماری گسترش‌یافته است. بررسی الگوها، سامانه‌ها و عناصر زیستی، راهکاری جهت ایجاد راه‌حل‌ برای رفع مشکلات زندگی انسان­هاست. پیله کرم ابریشم ساختاری زیستی دارد و کامپوزیتی طبیعی است که در طول زمان تکامل‌یافته و پاسخگوی مناسبی در برابر شرایط زیست‌محیطی برای کرم ابریشم است، خواص فیزیکی و مکانیکی بالایی در برابر تنش‌ها و عملکردی مناسب به‌عنوان عایق در برابر شرایط دمایی محیط دارد. درک روابط ساختار پیله­ی کرم ابریشم، الهام‌بخش ایجاد ساختارهای کامپوزیتی ازجمله بیوکامپوزیت‌هایی بی‌بافت با وزن کم و مقاومت بالا است. در پژوهش حاضر، با روش تحلیلی–توصیفی و استدلال منطقی تلاش می‌شود ضمن معرفی ساختار پیله­ی ابریشم، با بهره‌گیری از سریسین پیله ابریشم و الیاف طبیعی که به دلایل مختلف ازجمله سبکی، عدم آلودگی، فراوانی و کم‌هزینه بودن، می‌تواند جایگزینی مناسب برای الیاف مصنوع باشد، مصالحی به‌عنوان یک بیوکامپوزیت بی‌بافت، پیشنهاد گردد. این مصالح خاصیت بازیافت‌پذیری دارد‌ و از منظر پایداری و مصرف انرژی مناسب است و می­تواند به‌عنوان عایق رطوبتی و حرارتی مورداستفاده قرار گیرد. این عملکرد در پوسته­ی خارجی ساختمان و با استفاده از پلاگین تحلیل انرژی هانی بی و در محیط گرس‌هاپر، برای اقلیم گرم و خشک شهر کاشان، شبیه‌سازی و تحلیل‌شده است. نتایج نشان‌دهنده آن است که کامپوزیت بی‌بافت از الیاف طبیعی پیشنهادشده می‌تواند تا 12.7 درصد ‌به بهبود عملکرد حرارتی و کاهش انتقال حرارت بین فضای بیرون و درون ساختمان نسبت به زمانی که پوسته ساختمان بدون عایق حرارتی در نظر گرفته شود، کمک کند.

Hollow polyester/kapok/hollow polyester fiber-based needle punched nonwoven composite materials for rapid and efficient oil sorption.

Nowadays oil pollution poses a serious threat to the environment and people's daily life. As reusable and environmentally friendly materials, fiber-based oil sorption materials can effectively alleviate this phenomenon. However, maintaining a high sorption rate along with improved mechanical properties remains a challenge for oil sorption materials. Herein, we report a novel hollow PET/kapok/hollow PET nonwoven with high porosity and oil retention, outstanding cyclic oil sorption rate and improved mechanical performance using kapok as the oil preserver and hollow PET as the conductor and structure enhancer. Benefiting from the three-layer composite structure fabricated by carding and needle punching reinforcement, the resulting oil sorption materials, with kapok proportion more than or equal to 60%, exhibited high oil sorption rate and oil sorption speed. The materials of 20HP/60K/20HP component content present a high initial oil sorption rate of 28.22 g g-1, a maximum oil sorption rate of 31.17 g g-1 and a sorption rate constant of the Quasi second-order kinetic equation of 0.067 in plant oil. On the other hand, when the proportion of kapok fiber in the material was below 60%, due to the introduction of hollow PET, the mechanical properties were significantly boosted, and its oil retention and reusability were distinguished, with a reuse rate stabilizing at a relatively high level (>93%) in plant oil after undergoing three oil sorption cycles. The successful fabrication of hollow PET/kapok/hollow PET nonwovens could provide a new approach for the design and development of oil sorption materials.

Reinforcement Effects of Shear Thickening Fluid over Mechanical Properties of Nonwoven Fabrics.

Conventional personal protective equipment is usually made in multilayer stacks, and appears clumsy and uncomfortable, offering limited protection. In recent years, a newly-developed nanosuspension, shear thickening fluids (STFs), has been commonly applied to buffer and shock absorption. In this study, nonwoven fabrics are impregnated with 30 wt%, 35 wt%, or 40 wt% STF in order to strengthen the interaction among fibers. The resultant STF composite nonwoven fabrics are observed for their morphology, and tested for their tensile strength, tearing strength, bursting strength, and dynamic impact resistance, thereby examining the damage resistance of the materials. The SEM images indicate that the fibers are adhered with a tremendous amount of silicon dioxide (SiO2) particulates with a rise in the STF concentration, due to which the smooth fibers become rough. Moreover, the mechanical test results indicate that a rise in the STF concentration improves the frictional force during the relative motion of fibers, which subsequently mechanically strengthens the STF composite nonwoven fabrics. The dynamic impact test results show that when the STF concentration increases from 30 wt% to 35 wt%, the materials exhibit dynamic impact strength that is significantly improved to 51.9%. Nonetheless, significant improvement in dynamic impact strength is absent when the STF concentration increases to 40 wt%. To sum up, a critical value of STF concentration has a positive influence over the mechanical strengths of STF composite nonwoven fabrics.

Preparation of lotus fibre nonwoven composite fabrics by spunlacing process

• Lotus fibre composite nonwoven fabrics are developed for the first time. • Lotus fibre bundles can be split into finer fibres by water jet with high pressure. • Lotus fibres preparation and web formation reported in this paper is a continuous process and easy to be industrialized. With the global increase in environmental awareness, the development of green and biodegradable materials has become the focus of attention. As a widely favored and planted aquatic perennials, exploration and utilization of lotus petioles is currently very limited. In order to find a feasible method to reuse lotus petioles and process lotus fibres into fabrics, in this study, chemical degumming method is used to prepare lotus fibres from lotus petioles and then lotus fibre composite nonwoven fabric with excellent wettability is obtained by the spunlacing process with viscose nonwoven fabrics as the substrate. On the other hand, it is found that lotus fibre bundles can be split further into finer fibres under high water jet pressure, suggesting that spunlacing is a promising method to process lotus fibres into fabrics for applications such as face masks and wipes.

Silk/Rayon Webs and Nonwoven Fabrics: Fabrication, Structural Characteristics, and Properties.

Silk is a naturally occurring material and has been widely used in biomedical and cosmetic applications owing to its unique properties, including blood compatibility, excellent cytocompatibility, and a low inflammatory response in the body. A natural silk nonwoven fabric with good mechanical properties was recently developed using the binding property of sericin. In this study, silk/rayon composite nonwoven fabrics were developed to increase productivity and decrease production costs, and the effect of the silk/rayon composition on the structure and properties of the fabric was examined. The crystalline structure of silk and rayon was maintained in the fabric. As the silk content increased, the porosity and moisture regain of the silk/rayon web and nonwoven fabric decreased. As the silk content increased, the maximum stress of the web and nonwoven fabric increased, and the elongation decreased. Furthermore, the silk/rayon web exhibited the highest values of maximum stress and elongation at ~200 °C. Regardless of the silk/rayon composition, all silk/rayon nonwoven fabrics showed good cytocompatibility. Thus, the silk/rayon fabric is a promising material for cosmetic and biomedical applications owing to its diverse properties and high cell viability.

Data-driven approach to characterize and optimize properties of carbon fiber non-woven composite materials

Carbon fiber non-woven composite (CFNWC) is a novel and cost-effective material. However, since the large variation in mechanical properties of CFNWC under the same micro‐parameter, it is difficult to predict its performance accurately. In this work, a data-driven method that combines principal component analysis (PCA) and Bayesian neural networks (BNNs) is proposed to predict the stress-strain curve of CFNWC. Specifically, PCA is applied to reduce the dimension of the stress-strain curve, while BNNs are formulated for predicting both the strain-stress curves and the uncertainty of the predictions. The predictions and the uncertainty interval of BNNs are in very good agreement with the actual stress-strain curves. In this work, it is also found that the performance of artificial neural networks (ANNs) as a popular predictive tool to predict the mechanical properties of composites is worse than the BNNs, which is due to the uncertainty quantification ability of BNNs. Finally, BNNs are used to optimize the volume fraction of carbon fiber to obtain the best performance of CFNWC, which aims to design a stiff and lightweight automobile door. The results have strongly demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of BNNs to characterize and optimize the properties of CFNWC.

Alternatives derived from renewable natural fibre to replace conventional polyurethane rigid foam insulation

There is an exponential rise in the use of non-biodegradable Rigid Poly Urethane (RPU) foam insulation, creating a significant concern for the environment. Greener alternatives to RPU insulation are underexplored and need the hour to unveil newer dimensions in plant material added insulation research. We have discussed three alternative technologies involving raw material from plant sources and potentially replacing RPU foam. Renewability and greater bio-degradability are the key benefits of these technologies in combating the environment-related challenges offered by 100% RPU Insulation. This review has discussed the resultant changes in the foam developed from plant-based polyol replacing the petroleum-based polyol in terms of physical and morphological properties, also the resultant effect of natural fiber reinforcement of PU matrix on the thermal, tensile, and biodegradable properties. This paper has analyzed natural fiber-based nonwoven fabric composites with excellent insulation properties from the mechanical strength and environmental impact reports. We made a critical comparison between the three technologies. Finally, the paper has identified the scope of future research to validate the claim of suggested alternatives for commercial-scale applications.

Continuous and efficient purification of seawater using suspended photothermal nanocomposite fabrics with self-floatation

Solar energy is a sustainable clean energy. Evaporating seawater through solar thermal conversion is an ideal solution to the global shortage of fresh water resources. At present, solar evaporating seawater generally suffers from serious heat loss, salt accumulation and high cost. Here, through non-woven technology and spraying process, a flexible non-woven fabric with rough, porous, and fluffy surface is prepared. Polyethylene terephthalate/polypropylene (PET/PP) composite nonwoven fabric is used as the substrate, and polydopamine (PDA) is used as an adhesive and hydrophilic agent to wrap the surface of the fibre. Carbon nanotubes (WCNTS) are used as light-absorbing materials to bond to the surface of the fibre to form an efficient solar evaporator. The rough fabric surface makes the incident light diffusely reflected in the absorption layer multiple times, thereby increasing the light absorption rate (≈94%), while the fluffy and porous micron-scale network structure of the composite non-woven fabric shows a strong capillary effect. Based on these advantages, the air suspension evaporation method is used for evaporation. Under one solar irradiation (1kw m−2), the water evaporation rate reaches 1.42 kgm−2 h−1, and the conversion efficiency is close to 92%. In addition, WCNTS@PDA-PET/PP composite nonwovens can still maintain high solar evaporation efficiency after long-term cycling, indicating that it has long-term durability and good reusability. In addition, the clean water desalinated using WCNTS@PDA-PET/PP composite non-woven fabric meets drinking water standards (defined by WHO) and shows excellent desalination ability. Most importantly, this composite material easy to produce, can be produced on a large scale in industry, and is expected to solve the shortage of clean water resources.

A flexible pressure sensor based on PEDOT coated polyester nonwoven fabric for low-pressure range

Three most common methods for preparing PEDOT (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)) are studied, including vapor phase polymerization (VPP), in-situ dipping (ISD) and solution deposition (SD) techniques. The PEDOT coated nonwoven fabric (PEDOT@NWF) composites were successfully fabricated via these three processes and have been proven to be conductive and equipped with piezoresistive properties. For each preparation method, factors that may affect product properties, such as concentrations of reagents, reaction temperature, reaction time, etc were explored to summarize the optimal parameters. The PEDOT@NWF composites prepared via different fabrication techniques were analyzed and compared through a series of tests and characterizations. The sensing performance of as-prepared pressure sensors are also been studied. The experimental results demonstrate that PEDOT@NWF prepared by VPP method (PEDOT@NWF-VPP) has the fastest response time (80 ms) and recovery time (40 ms), the composite prepared by ISD method (PEDOT@NWF-ISD) has the highest sensitivity for the pressure range less than 5 kPa (21.162 kPa−1) and long-term cycle stability (over 5000 cycles). Sensor utilized PEDOT@NWF-ISD as the piezoresistive layer was assembled and used to detect small pressure such as voice vibrations and air flow, implying that this designed pressure sensor has promising potential in the application of wearable electronic devices and healthcare monitors.

Chitosan/Gelatin Composite Nonwoven Fabric Scaffold Seeding Minimal Function Unit of Skin for Functional Skin Regeneration.

The construction of intact functional skin is a challenging field in tissue engineering. Traditional skin tissue engineering, using "seed cells" as a bioactive source for scaffolding materials maybe not efficient enough. Here a new strategy is shown for constructing functional tissue-engineered skin with Minimal Functional Unit of Skin (MFUS) as the source of bioactivity. Chitosan/gelatin non-woven fabric is used as the scaffold. MFUS is derived from autologous skin with full-thickness skin microstructure and complete functional skin unit harvesting. A mathematical model is used to calculate the MFUS Minimal Harvest Diameter and Angle (MHDA). Chitosan/gelatin non-woven fabric (CS+GEL) is porous and absorbable, with an elastic modulus meeting the requirement of skin engineering. It supports layered and 3D growth of MFUS. The degradation rate of chitosan, including filament diameter and density is evaluated in vivo. MFUS-engineered skin could reduce the density of local nerve fibers in the early stage, potentially reducing pain during wound healing, as well as could limit excessive fibroblast cell migration in the later stage, potentially reducing scar formation. This study proposes a new strategy for the clinical treatment of large full-thickness skin defects by constructing intact functional at minimal cost.

RETRACTED: Physical, mechanical and dry sliding wear properties of non-woven viscose fabric epoxy-based polymer composites: An optimization study

Polymer-based composites have been widely used in the enhanced tribological technologies of various automobile, aerospace industry, sports, etc. The epoxy-based polymer composites reinforced with glass fiber have significantly improved the wear inhibitors and ultimate strength along with ultra-low density than other available materials. This current research aims to fabricate a variation of such non-woven viscose-based polymer composites for various weight fractions (100–400 GSM) with a constant fiber loading of 30 wt% and subsequently analyze its physical, mechanical, and tribological properties under various operating parameters. The density of the fabricated composite exhibits an increase of magnitude with an increase in weight fraction. The composites consist of 400 GSM fabric showing a higher tensile, impact, flexural strength, hardness, and inter lamina shear strength (ILSS). A pin-on-disc wear set-up held dry sliding wear tests of various nonwoven viscose fabric-based composites under various operating parameters like sliding velocity, sliding distance, area density, and normal load. A Taguchi-based L16 orthogonal array design was utilized to estimate the optimal behavior for maximum wear resistance for operating conditions. The result reveals that the normal load over the composite contributes the highest towards wear on a composite compared to area density, sliding velocity, and distance. The wear phenomena have been verified with SEM micrographs to characterize various wear phenomena like fiber rapture, ploughing, micro-cracks, and wear lines.

Carbon black and polydopamine modified non-woven fabric enabling efficient solar steam generation towards seawater desalination and wastewater purification

• PDA/CB composite non-woven PP fabric was prepared for solar energy harvesting. • Hierarchical structure and synergetic effects of CB/PDA contributed to high light absorbance. • The evaporation rate of 1.68 kg m -2 h −1 with a solar steam efficiency of 91.5% was achieved. • The solar evaporator demonstrated superior salt resistance and ability to purify seawater and various wastewaters with high efficiency. The utilization of solar energy for steam generation is a highly efficient and sustainable technology for seawater desalination to solve the long-standing water crisis. Carbon-based materials have shown promising thermal-heat conversion efficiency due to their broadband solar absorption. Herein, carbon black (CB) was combined with polydopamine (PDA) to develop a high-performance, low-cost, and scalable PDA/CB@PP composite non-woven fabric was fabricated by dip-coating of CB and in situ polymerization of PDA. The hierarchical structure constructed on the fiber surface and the synergetic effects of CB and PDA contributed to the high light absorbance (>95%), superhydrophilicity, and high energy conversion efficiency. The one-way fluidic PDA/CB@PP photothermal based solar steam evaporator demonstrated a high evaporation rate of 1.68 kg m -2 h −1 with a solar steam efficiency of 91.5%. Moreover, the PDA/CB@PP fabric shows remarkable salt resistance when purifying seawater because of the water channel preserved by the hydrophilic porous structure of the fabric which could provide sustained water supply. Besides, the PDA/CB@PP fabric possesses excellent purification capability to wastewaters contaminated by heavy-metal and chemical dyes. This study provides insights into the design and development of low-cost, scalable, highly stable, and efficient solar steam generators for seawater desalination and wastewater purification.

Flexible and Highly Conductive AgNWs/PEDOT:PSS Functionalized Aramid Nonwoven Fabric for High‐Performance Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Joule Heating

AbstractHigh‐performance multifunctional textiles are highly demanded for human health‐related applications. In this work, a highly conductive nonwoven fabric is fabricated by coating silver nanowires (AgNWs)/poly(3,4‐ethyl enedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) on a poly(m‐phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA) nonwoven fabric through a multistep dip coating process. The as‐prepared PMIA/AgNWs/PEDOT:PSS composite nonwoven fabric shows an electrical resistance as low as 0.92 ± 0.06 Ω sq−1 with good flexibility. The incorporation of the PEDOT:PSS coating layer improves the adhesion between AgNWs and PMIA nonwoven fabric, and also enhances the thermal stability of the composite nonwoven fabric. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and Joule heating performances of the PMIA/AgNWs/PEDOT:PSS composite nonwoven fabric are also investigated. The results show that the average EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of the single‐layer nonwoven fabric in X‐band is as high as 56.6 dB and retains a satisfactory level of SE after being washed, bended, and treated with acid/alkali solution and various organic solvents. The composite nonwoven fabric also exhibits low voltage‐driven Joule heating performance with reliable heating stability and repeatability. It can be envisaged that the multifunctional PMIA/AgNWs/PEDOT:PSS nonwoven fabric with reliable stability and chemical robustness can be used in EMI shielding devices and personal thermal management products.

Fabrication of a Conductive Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Coated Polyester Nonwoven Fabric and Its Application in Flexible Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-coated nonwoven fabric (PEDOT@NWF) composites were prepared using ordinary polyester needle-punched nonwoven fabrics as substrates via in situ vapor phase polymerization (VPP) technique. The prepared PEDOT@NWF conductive composite has a uniform PEDOT coating on the surface of the fibers. Factors which may affect the polymerization effect, such as oxidant concentration, reaction time, and other parameters were explored, and a series of morphological, structural, and electrical properties of the prepared conductive nonwoven fabrics were analyzed. Furthermore, for comparison, piezoresistive pressure sensors with two different assembly methods (vertical electrode and horizontal electrode) were made utilizing the PEDOT@NWF material. The pressure sensing performance has also been evaluated and the as-prepared sensors exhibit good sensitivity and fast response time.

Development of nonwoven composites from recycled cotton/polyester apparel waste materials for sound absorbing and insulating properties

The acoustic comfort is closely related to the concept of sound absorption and includes the protection against noise. This paper presents an experimental study on sound absorption coefficients, for recycled nonwoven composite materials: waste materials (Recycled textile waste cotton/polyester nonwoven fabrics) the blending ratio of raw materials is 60: 40 mixed with rigid polyurethane foam as binder. The nonwoven composite materials were characterized both acoustically (sound absorption coefficient SAC) and also in terms of heat transfer (thermal conductivity). The acoustic absorption coefficient was determined using the impedance tube method according to the ASTM Standard (ASTM E 1050). And the influence of structure of these materials on the sound absorbing properties was analyzed. The experimental results show the sound absorption performances of nonwoven composites based on recycled waste materials, thus promoting environmentally friendly solutions.‘.

Recycled cotton/polyester and polypropylene nonwoven hybrid composite materials for house hold applications

ABSCRACT Renewable raw materials and recyclable thermoplastic polymers provide attractive eco-friendly quality as well as environmental sustainability to the resulting recycled cotton/polyester and polypropylene fiber reinforced nonwoven composites. We studied the possibility of using recycled polypropylene (PP) for the production of nonwoven composites based on recycled cotton (RC) and recycled polyester (RP) as reinforcements. This research focuses on optimizing the manufacturing techniques and testing of both air-laid nonwoven and melt-bonded recycled nonwoven composite materials. Each series of experimentation was to be combined with a specific amount of copolymer chemical agent, the recycled post-industrial polypropylene powder, and recycled fiber. The physical and mechanical properties can be tested in accordance with ASTM standards. The results exposed that physical properties can be determined for both conditions like 24 h soak and 2 h boil. The air-laid materials have more properties than melt extrusion. The air-laid and melt- bond has deviation likewise coupling agent can change the properties. The results obtained report the possibility of exploitation of recycled PP for the production of recycled cotton/polyester reinforcements based on nonwoven composites with good mechanical characteristics to utilize as construction building materials in housing systems.