Nonverbal Symbols Research Articles

Use of Role Play Method to Improve Speaking Skills

Language is often considered one of the most difficult aaspects of language learning. For most foreign language learners, English has become the most important language in this world a fact that cannot be denied. all the human in the world that use language. Students need to be able to compered and produce spoken and writing. And also, meaning in a key word was speaking is the process of building and sharing meaning through the use of verbal and non-verbal symbols in a variety of contexts. Role play is a method of acting out particular ways of behaving or pretending to be other people who deal with new situations.This research goal is to describe the process of how the use of role play method to improve speaking skills in the communicative class of ASYEE (as-syafi'iyyah english excellent) course Darussalam boarding school in the academic year 2021/2022. The researcher limited the scope of the research only on the student’s speaking skillss. Especially the imitative speaking. The researcher only focuses on seven students. There were those whose average scores were 60,00 less than the KKM standard determined at the institution. This research method used the classroom action method (CAR), And in this research contains one cycle which every single cycle contains two meetings. Moreover, this research carried out according to classroom action research process. Steps such as: a preliminary study, planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. This classroom action research involved 23 students. but There are seven students in the research, because of their scores less than the KKM standard that has been determined at the institution. Based on analysed data, the score in the preliminary study was 28% student’s getting a minimum score of KKM. And then, it was decreased in the cycle 1 that 8%. And in cycle 2 was 0% students minimum of KKM. Therefore, the role play technique can significantly improve students' problems in speaking skills. Speaking skill can increase when they try to focus and relax on the material that the teacher has conveyed. If students have focused on the material, then understanding the material will be easier and students are not easily bored with the teacher's explanation. Based on Student Speaking Score from teacher in cycle 1, after using Role Play Method. The students speaking score of ASYEE (Assyafiiyyah English Excellent) in academic 2021/2022 after using the role play method being increased 80%.

Brand Marketing Leveraging the Advantage of Emoji Pack Relying on Association Rule Algorithm in Data Mining Technology.

The random and disordered configuration of expression package image, text, and context is in line with the emotional consumption trend of young groups, so it has become a kind of image symbol favored by young groups. How to integrate the text and images related to emoticons and carry out emotion analysis in a specific consumer environment is the focus of attention. In view of these needs and defects, this study uses the association rule algorithm in data mining technology to explore brand marketing targeting different consumers. Taking the nonverbal symbols on social media as the research object, this study collects and mines the download ranking and appreciation of the expression package of “WeChat expression open platform.” The persistence of users' use of expression package has the characteristics of power distribution. When choosing, there are sprouting attributes and dynamic and serialized selection preferences. The advantages of emoticon package are used, brand communication and marketing are strengthened, and effective brand marketing analysis is implemented. The simulation results show that by taking advantage of the strong communication and appeal of the expression package, the brand will help to expand the contact surface of the marketing brand concept. Secondly, as a gathering community, expression packs are divided into different circle groups between and within groups, which helps brand marketing realize precision marketing based on “strong connection” with the help of expression packs and promote the occurrence of consumer behavior.

SymCog: An open-source toolkit for assessing human symbolic cognition.

Symbol systems have a profound influence on human behavior, spanning countless modalities such as natural language, clothing styles, monetary systems, and gestural conventions (e.g., handshaking). Selective impairments in understanding and manipulating symbols are collectively known as asymbolia. Here we address open questions about the nature of asymbolia in the context of both historical and contemporary approaches to human symbolic cognition. We describe a tripartite perspective on symbolic cognition premised upon (1) mental representation of a concept, (2) a stored pool of symbols segregated from their respective referents, and (3) fast and accurate mapping between concepts and symbols. We present an open-source toolkit for assessing symbolic knowledge premised upon matching animated video depictions of abstract concepts to their corresponding verbal and nonverbal symbols. Animations include simple geometric shapes (e.g., filled circles, squares) moving in semantically meaningful ways. For example, a rectangle bending under the implied weight of a large square denotes "heaviness." We report normative data for matching words and images to these target animations. In a second norming study, participants rated target animations across a range of semantic dimensions (e.g., valence, dominance). In a third study, we normed a set of concepts familiar to American English speakers but lacking verbal labels (e.g., the feeling of a Sunday evening). We describe how these tools may be used to assess human symbolic processing and identify asymbolic deficits across the span of human development.

Juhud al-Jahidz fi Bahtsi al-Ittishal al-Lafdzi

This study aims to examine the concept of communication according to al-Jahidz. Communication comes from Latin communication, which is rooted in the word communism, which means the same meaning of something. In other words, a communication event will take place if the people involved in it have the same perception or meaning of what is being communicated. As a term, communication can be defined as the delivery and reception of messages or information between two or more people using verbal (language) and nonverbal symbols. This article uses a descriptive qualitative method, which describes and analyzes in-depth verbal communication according to Al-Jahidz. The data collection technique makes use of primary data sources through documents of al-Jahidz books (al-Bayan wa al-Tabyin, al-Hayawan, al-Risalah Li al-Jahidz, al-Hayawan) and other books that discuss al-Jahidz (Usmaniyah Li al-Jahidz, al-Bukhala’ Li al-Jahidz, al-Malamich al-Adaiyah Li al-Jahidz). The results reveal that Al-Jahidz is an Arabic linguist who discusses the theory of verbal communication which includes: the concept of verbal communication, forms of verbal communication and its characteristics, the effect of verbal communication on the same speaker alongside its relationship to the intellectual level, the influence of physical signs or movements on strengthening and controlling verbal performance, commissions, and their effects on verbal performance, varying performance effects on verbal communication, and preference for speaking over silence.

CONTRIBUTING FACTORS IN DEVELOPMENT OF SPEAKING SKILL

Speaking is the process of building and sharing meaning through the use of verbal and non-verbal symbols, in a variety of contexts. Low motivation in speaking will be formidable reality for the teacher. The students are often reluctant to speak because they are shy and are not predisposed to express themselves in front of other people, especially when they are being asked to give personal information or opinions. The type of this research is ethnography research (realist ethnography), but the research is not stop in Ethnography but it is followed with Research and Development (R&D). Both of them are included in Qualitative Research. Language teachers always develop speaking skills by using different techniques and strategies, the data indicated that the selected teachers were using the communicative approach, direct method, and audio-lingual method and others. The techniques mostly used were discussion, role play, oral report, questions and answers, conversation and debate. The way teachers assess students’ performance was effective.

The Design of Emoticon-Generating Device Based on Artificial Neural Network

Along with the rapid development of the new internet media, people’s lives are becoming increasingly digital, information is diversified, and communication methods have undergone significant changes. “Emoticon pack,” as a kind of visual symbol that was generated and developed in the context of the internet, can use nonverbal symbols such as words, images, symbols, and other nonverbal symbols to simulate expressions, posture, and movements and a new expression and cultural phenomenon. In this study, the principle of neural network optimization is analyzed by applying the particle swarm algorithm, incorporating the harmonic search algorithm to neural network optimization, and the principle of neural network optimization is analyzed. This study is aimed at college students, investigating the consumption status of emoticon packs and the consumption amount of emoticon packs for men and women; among them, people who only use free emoji packs and those who only use emoji packs under 10 yuan account for the highest proportion, accounting for 73.07% and 22.41% of the surveyed people. Among the people who buy emoticons, boys are more likely to have large consumption behaviors than girls. In the consumption segment below ten yuan and above 150 yuan, the ratio of men to women is the same; in the consumption range of 11–50 yuan, the number of girls exceeds than that of boys, accounting for 70% of the number; however, in the consumption range of 51 yuan to 150 yuan, the proportion of boys surpassed than that of girls and the number of consumers accounted for more than 60%.

Respons Masyarakat atas Komunikasi Non-Verbal Jamaah Tabligh: Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Sorong

This study aims to determine the form, meaning, and public reaction to nonverbal communication applied in the Da'wah of the Tablighi Jamaat and the definition contained in da'wah's symbols. The method used in qualitative research is by conducting observations and interviews. The data is then analyzed continuously, from the beginning of data collection until the last data collection. First, the results showed that the meaning of symbols in nonverbal communication in the Da'wah of the Tablighi Jamaat by its followers is considered a sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad. The nonverbal symbols shown are; greetings are shaking hands tightly, wearing robes and turbans, keeping a beard, siwak as a toothbrush, eating together in one container (tray), and eating with hands without using a spoon, and using perfume. Second, the public's response to the Da'wah of the Tablighi Jamaat is quite diverse. People who reject his symbol on the use of robes and turbans. This is because it is considered unethical to apply. The symbol of the beard, siwak, and eating together is considered by the community as a good thing. It's just that cleanliness is in question in society. People who accept nonverbal symbols in the Da'wah of the Tablighi Jamaat are the use perfume. The reason is the use of perfume because it shows cleanliness and a delicious aroma. He was sitting cross-legged, the most attractive symbol of society because it shows politeness and good etiquette.

Organizational Communication Study: Organizational Control Theory Implementation by HMI Purwokerto Branch in the Omnibus Law Demonstration

This study aims to examine the organizational communication control strategy carried out by the Purwokerto Branch of the Islamic Student Association (HMI) to demonstrate the Ratification of the Job Creation Bill (Omnibus Law). The method used is descriptive qualitative using organizational control theory as a theoretical framework. The results showed that the involvement of the Purwokerto Branch of HMI in the Omnibus Law demonstration was a critical intellectual movement that arranged forward a constitutional approach. The simple control aspect is implemented through a three-layer communication mechanism. The solidarity of members towards the three layers of communication constructs communication conduct harmoniously. HMI uses two technical tools for technical control, specifically communication aids and internal identification tools as non-verbal symbols of the organization. There are strict controls to identify members in the demonstration through the symbol. Regarding bureaucracy, this organization prioritizes communication with local authorities regarding the fulfillment of formal rules before holding a demonstration. In addition, organizational procedures are also carefully considered, especially regarding consolidating the organization’s internal communications. Conservative control is implemented by strengthening interpersonal communication with active members or alumni networks spread across various professions. The organizational communication control strategy of the HMI Purwokerto Branch focuses on the harmonization of demonstrations that prioritize aspirational and implementation communication by emphasizing a constitutional approach.

The functions of heraldic symbols in the English fiction

The article considers the main functions performed by heraldic symbols due to their verbalization in blazons as descriptions of coats of arms by a specific set of language constructs. Heraldic symbols as the quintessence of culture are analyzed in the communicative-functional aspect. There are some special characteristics of heraldic symbolic units, namely, their multifunctional orientation, the possibility of multiple interpretations, the presence of a nomination mechanism, and others. The mediative and mnemonic functions of symbols, taken from the works of Lotman, are manifested in the heraldic symbols of fiction as one of the mechanisms of cultural memory, therefore, the symbol is a mediator of the semiosis spheres. The list of functions is supplemented by the consideration of the social dimension, because heraldic symbols are potentiated in the society, therefore, the essence of the identification-integrative and adaptive-regulatory functions of heraldic symbolism is revealed. The concepts of multimodal imagery and synesthesia effect, which are embodied in the interaction of verbal and nonverbal symbols, are involved in the analysis of the blazons on the material of English fiction. The theme of symbols functioning is supplemented by the classification of the main functions and subfunctions proposed by the author. The focus of the study is also the identification function, resulting in an emphasis on the role of a special heraldic language in the expression of the personality. Taking into account the types of coats of arms, the article considers the coding function in the punning and allusive coats of arms, as well as in the heraldic lexemes borrowed from other languages. The cross-cutting idea of the article is revealed through the interpretation of heraldic symbols in their functioning in the works of English fiction and poetry and summarized in the definition of the symbol not only as a linguistic unit, but also as a semiotic phenomenon of culture.

MODALITAS SEBAGAI PERANTI SISTEM APPRAISAL DALAM TEKS IKLAN KULINER KHAS SEMARANG DI MEDIA INTERNET

<em>Persuasive power in the language of advertising can be reflected in the structure of words, phrases, or clauses in the contents of written or spoken advertisements. Most ad text uses verbal and nonverbal symbols to convey the intent and purpose. The use of language in advertising is adjusted to the needs and to achieve the purpose of the ad. Linguistic research specifically looking at appraisal devices in culinary text advertisements on the internet has an important role in uncovering the ideology of their makers. Through appraisal device studies, especially modalities in ad text on the internet media will be able to know and understand the attitude of advertisers towards the reality that surrounds them, namely their assessment of the advertised goods and the assessment of their environment. This qualitative research refers to Sudaryanto's opinion in providing data and data analysis. Provision of data using the method of referencing and note taking. Data analysis methods and techniques use the method of sharing with basic techniques, namely techniques for direct elements; while the advanced technique uses the technique of fade and dressing techniques. Through a series of analyzes, it was found that there was a use of modality: intentional, epistemic, deontic, and dynamic in the culinary ad text typical of Semarang</em>.

Etnografi Komunikasi Basapa Di Ulakan Tapakis Kabupaten Padang Pariaman

The tradition of basapa to the Tomb of Tuanku Syekh Burhanuddin is known as the name bersafar which in the pronunciation of the Minangkabau tongue becomes basapa, where this tradition is a historical tour of Islam found in West Sumatra. The communicative situation is using the nonverbal language used during the basapa tradition procession in the form of alms or infaq, pilgrimage, praying, praying, eating food & drinks placed on the tomb, dhikr, tadarusan, sholawatan, teachings of the syattariyah tarekat, well water, kimo water, watering stones ampa, and took the sand of the tomb. Basapa tradition communicative event is an annual tradition that is held on the 10th of the safar month. Where at that time the pilgrims and the people involved would follow a series of processions in the basapa tradition in the form of gratitude to thank Sheikh Burhanuddin for what he had fought for. They believe there is another goal of local beliefs, namely by following the basapa tradition we get a more sustenance, health and avoid catastrophe and so on. The communicative action that occurs is that people who follow the basapa tradition have a code or signal that is mutually agreed upon, this code has various forms and meanings. Communication patterns that exist in the basapa procession are primary communication patterns, because the processions in the basapa tradition use many verbal and nonverbal symbols

Effect of emoji prime on the understanding of emotional words – evidence from ERPs

ABSTRACT Emojis play an increasingly important role as nonverbal symbols in online communication, and this study investigates their effect on the processing of subsequent words. We suppose that emojis, as an aid to emotional expression and semantic comprehension, prime the cognitive processing of the textual stimuli that follow. An affective priming experiment using ERPs was conducted, in which Semantic Relationship between the emoji and the word (Congruent, Incongruent, Non-related) was manipulated to assess their impact in an affective word categorization task. Behavioral results revealed no significant difference, while electrophysiological data showed otherwise. N1 component elicited by semantically congruent and incongruent emoji-word pairs showed greater amplitudes than those by non-related pairs. N400 elicited by incongruent pairs showed greater amplitudes than the N400 by congruent pairs. These data indicate that while emojis do not influence the outcomes of linguistic processing, emoji primes enhance attentional level, and semantically congruent contents demand fewer cognitive resources and facilitate better processing in comparison to incongruent ones. The findings point to emojis’ role not only as affective primes, but also as paralanguage that is semantically processed. Implications for computer-mediated communication are discussed.

Study of Communication and Interaction of Management members with Members SAE Pujon Cooperative of Malang Regency, Indonesia

This study focuses on the SAE Pujon Cooperative Communication with the aim of knowing the use of communication symbols or symbols in the interaction process. To see the process of interaction between the Management, which in this case is the Chairman of the Cooperative, with employees or members, is carried out with a qualitative approach with participatory observation, in order to directly observe symptoms related to the use or use of verbal and non-verbal communication symbols or symbols, In-depth interviews were also conducted to explore and understand more deeply the meaning of symbols or symbols of their interaction process, guided by the statements in the research objectives, namely analyzing and describing the communication between the committee and members of the SAE Pujon Cooperative, Malang Regency. East Java Province and analyzes and describes the inhibiting and supporting factors of communication and interaction between the management (Ketrua) and members of the SAE Pujon Cooperative, Malang Regency, East Java Province. The results showed that the process of interaction or communication between the Management (Chairperson) and employees as well as members who use verbal and non-verbal symbols or symbols can be seen when the Chairman of the Cooperative gives prohibitions, and advice to employees and members. Likewise, members' perceptions of the use of the symbol or communication symbol used by the Chairman of the Cooperative. In giving orders, prohibitions and advice, the symbol or symbol of verbal communication used is Nyuwun tulung (asking for help), do not and don't even insist (don't be like that). Meanwhile, the non-verbal symbols or symbols used are moving the pen back and forth many times, moving the pen left and right and shaking the head, sitting back and not leaning, the clothes worn and other symbols of success. Members' perceptions of the symbol or communication symbol used by the Management (Chair) in interacting are very positive, it can be seen from the daily lives of cooperative members according to what the Chairman of the Cooperative says.Efforts to legitimize symbols or symbols with the values ​​of the cooperative community, also aim to build an impression (image) to the community, that the symbols used by the cooperative are symbols that do not conflict with social values ​​of society. In fact, it is said that the content of these symbols or symbols complement and co-exist with the social values ​​of society. Furthermore, a compromise attitude towards the Cooperative movement creates a new atmosphere in symbols, meaning that these symbols are given a rational nuance, with the hope that the function of the symbol or symbol will gain legitimacy from the Cooperative community, with the aim that these symbols can survive in practice. -practices of life in the cooperative community.

THE FUNCTIONS OF E-LAUGHTER IN WHATSAPP CONVERSATIONS AMONG STUDENTS

The terms of e-laughter (haha, hoho, hehe) are implicitly understood by everyone (Larson, 2015). Mostly WhatsApp is used to share written messages and images. It is also has been used to share their emotions, such as laughter. This study intended to focus on types of e-laughter and the function in WhatsApp conversations. This study explored 30 WhatsApp conversations and 30 online surveys to achieve the aims and goals by using Conversational Analysis (CA). This study resulted that e-laughter in the forms of emojis are being used universally among students, and laughter particles are functioned to express the emotion of laughter as in face to face interaction in mobilising the topics in WhatsApp conversations. These findings suggested that emojis are of high frequency, functionality, and efficiency in WhatsApp communication. Interestingly, e-laughter played a vital role in reflecting the non-verbal symbols in face-to-face communication. In socio-emotional settings, people frequently use laughter emojis to create a lively atmosphere to boost conversation (Li & Yang, 2018).Keywords: WhatsApp, written communication, emojis, e-laughter, conversational analysis

ЭТНОЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРОЛОГИЯ КАК ИНТЕГРАЛЬНАЯ ОБЛАСТЬ НАУЧНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ

The relevance of this work is due to the formation of a new integrated area of research ethnolinguoculturology, and the lack of a clear approach to the definition of objects and subjects of ethnolinguistics and cultural linguistics (linguoculturology), which are integral parts of this new area. The purpose of the work is to determine the object and subject of ethnolinguistics and сultural linguistics based on the analysis of scientific works of domestic and foreign authors related to this problem. The author substantiates the position that the object of synchronic ethnolinguistics are ethnospecific phenomena of language (non-equivalent vocabulary, lexical units with ethno-specific structures, values, idioms and proverbs, reflecting the peculiarities of the mentality, ethno-specific derivational means, grammatical forms, syntactic structure, part-of-speech form of words), and the subject – the specific features of the worldview, axiology and pragmatics of a particular ethnic group. The object of cultural linguistics, according to the author, is the verbalized part of the «language of culture» (culturallymarked words and expressions, phraseological units and proverbs, lacunae, verbal and non-verbal symbols (for example, birch as a symbol of Russia), mythologems (for example, living and dead water), rites and beliefs, rituals and customs, enshrined in language, slogans, precedent phenomena, etiquette formula). and etiquette rules of speech and non-speech behavior, and the subject is the culturally significant information contained explicitly or implicitly in the verbalized units of the language of culture, as well as the national specificity of etiquette rules.

The Semiotics Analysis on the Environment in “The Journey to Atlantis” Picture Book

This study aimed (1) to describe the semiotic process of environment symbols in The Journey to Atlantis, (2)to generate the meaning of identified symbols which are shown through verbal and non-verbal contained in The Journey to Atlantis. This is a descriptive qualitative study trying to identify and analyze semiosis process of environment symbols, and describe the found verbal and nonverbal symbols in Elisabetta Dami’s The Journey to Atlantis Picture Book using semiotic theory by Charles Sanders Peirce (1991). The data for the finding and analysis were taken from Elisabetta Dami’sThe Journey to Atlantis (2012) Picture Book. The study shows that there are 40 icons in form of words and 36 onomatopoeia as verbal symbols, and 40 picture decribe Atlantis environment and 18 color as nonverbal symbols which are related to the environment.

The correlation between frequency of playing online games and teen communication on nursing students in STIKes Muhammadiyah Palembang

Communication in adolesencest is an interpersonal interaction that use symbolic linguistic system, such as a system of verbal and non-verbal symbols. Factors that influence adolescent communication include environmental factors, education, and online games. To find out the correlation between frequency of playing online games and teen communication on students' Level I & II of STIKes Muhammadiyah Palembang. the research method use was quantitative descriptive research with Cross Sectional approach using Purposive Sampling as the technique of collecting data with a simple of 262 out of 760 populations. The instrument used in the form of a questionnaire about the frequency of playing online games and teen communication made by the researcher and has been tested for validity and reliability. This research was conducted in March-April 2019. From the results of the study, most of the respondents with 116 respondents (82.3%) had passive communication with the frequency of playing online games often, and a small number of respondents with 2 respondents (2.9%) had aggressive communication with the frequency of playing online games sometimes. The result test of Chi Square was obtained a value P value=0.000 (<0.05) CONCLUSION: There was a correlation between frequency of playing online games and teen communication on students' level I & II STIKes Muhammadiyah Palembang.

How To Do Things With Signs: Semiotics in Legal Theory, Practice, and Education

Discussing federal statutes, Justice Scalia tells us that “[t]he stark reality is that the only thing that one can say for sure was to by both houses and the president (on signing the bill) is the of the statute. The rest is legal fiction. How should we take this claim? If we take text to mean the printed text, that without more is just a series of marks. If instead we take text (as we must) to refer to something off the page such as the of the series of marks at issue, what is that meaning and how do we know that all the legislators agreed on that meaning? In seeking answers here, we necessarily delve into semiotics (i.e., the “general theory of signs”) by noting that meaningful ink marks (signifiers) signify a meaning beyond themselves (the signified.) Thus, understanding how signs function is integral to lawyers' textual and linguistic analysis. Additionally, as this article demonstrates, legal analysis and rhetoric are much impoverished if lawyers ignore nonverbal signs such as icons, indices, and nonverbal symbols. In providing a broad overview of semiotics for lawyers, this article thus (1) begins with a general definition of signs and the related notion of intentionality. It then turns to, among other things, (2) the structure and concomitants of signs in more detail (including the signifier and the signified), (3) the possible correlations of the signifier and the signified that generate signs of interest to lawyers such as the index, the icon, and the symbol; (5) the expansion of legal rhetoric through use of the index, the icon, and the non-verbal as well as the verbal symbol, (6) the nature of various semiotic acts in public and private law (including assertives, commissives, directives, and verdictives); (7) the interpretation and construction of semiotic acts (including contracts as commissives and legislation as directives); (8) the role of speaker or reader meaning in the interpretation and construction of semiotic acts; (9) the semiotics of meaning, time, and the fixation of meaning debate; (10) the impact of signifier drift; (11) the distinction between sense and understanding; and (12) some brief reflections on semiotics and the First Amendment. This article also provides an Appendix of further terms and concepts useful to lawyers in their explorations of semiotics.

Teaching Speaking Through Short Dialogue At The Eleventh Grade Students of SMAN 1 Pelaihari

Speaking is the process of building and sharing meaning through the use of verbal and non-verbal symbols. Speaking is a crucial part of second language teaching and learning. The objective of this research is to describe how the process of teaching speaking through short dialogue at the Eleventh grade students of SMAN 1 Pelaihari school year 2019/2020. This research paper is aimed at describing the process of teaching speaking through short dialogue focused on the curriculum, method and technique of teaching speaking, teaching media, and system of evaluation. The source of data is teaching learning process of dialogue technique at SMAN 1 Pelaihari and documents. In this research, the writer does the classroom observation, interview and document to the English teacher. Based on the data analysis, the writer finds that the result of teaching speaking by using short dialogue at the eleventh grade students of SMAN 1 Pelaihari as follows: 1). The curriculum of SMAN 1 Pelaihari, especially at the eleventh level, uses Kurikulum 2013. In Kurikulum 2013, the goal of teaching speaking is to gain the students to be able to communicate in English on the elementary level. Consequently, they can express various feelings or senses; 2). Method and technique of teaching speaking. In teaching speaking the English teacher uses Communicative approach and dialogue technique; 3). Media of teaching speaking. Media a very needed to successful teaching learning process, so the English teacher of SMAN 1 Pelaihari uses a whiteboard and cassette (CD); and 4). System evaluation of speaking activities. To evaluate the students' performance the teacher gives comments and mark, this way is very needed for a teacher to know the student's capability and to make the lesson better. Therefore, the result of teaching speaking through dialogue is satisfying.

POLA KOMUNIKASI DALAM PEMBERIAN SANKSI ADAT TERHADAP PELAKU KAWIN LARI

In order to achieve a common goal in a society, sometimes the exchange of messages can be biased, therefore it is important how the communication patterns in giving a support to the elopement, so that problems do not arise in the future. Therefore, the writer wants to see and know the communication patterns that take place in the granting of sanctions to the elopement in BatuEjung village. This type of research is qualitative research, data sources in this study were taken from primary data and secondary data, data collection techniques were carried out by interview observation and documentation. Analysis techniques by data reduction, data presentation, then drawing conclusions / verification. The results of studies of various types of communication patterns, ranging from primary communication patterns, secondary communication patterns, linear communication patterns and circular communication patterns, the most suitable and approaching in sanctioning elopement actors are primary communication patterns because they include which elements in the pattern This is divided into two symbols, verbal symbols and nonverbal symbols. In verbal or language symbols, it can be seen how dialogue patterns that occur between indigenous people and the host convey the problem directly, in a nonverbal pattern the process of communicating thoughts by the communicator to the communicant using a symbol, known as "tepunjung" both yellow arbor and white arbor, and payment of a fine in cash.&#x0D; Keywords: communication patterns, customs, elopement