Nonverbal Level Research Articles

Dealing with children and parents in anesthesia-Tips and tricks

Astay in hospital and an operation are always an exceptional situation for children and their parents, which is accompanied by great uncertainty and fear. The aim of this article is to show what possibilities exist as acaring anesthetist to accompany achild and the parents through the operation and that anesthesia remains a good memory. The effect of communication on averbal and nonverbal level is discussed. The focus is on dealing with children and their parents, taking the influence of the psychological developmental stages of children into account and on presenting helpful coping strategies in exceptional situations.

PROSODY OF THE ADDRESSING IN FRENCH POLITICAL SPEECH

Political speech (hereinafter PS) is a monological public speech of a political figure, which relies on a written text, the informative component of which is created at the lexico-grammatical level by the speechwriter, and the task of the politician is to ensure that the information is adequately understood by the listening audience. One way of doing this is to reduce the distance between the speaker and the audience. To achieve this “understanding”, the speaker uses the opportunities provided by the oral channel of communication both at the verbal level - the means of phonetic expression that create the prosody of the address - and at the non-verbal level - from body posture to gestures and eye expressions. In linguistics and psycholinguistics the synergetic interaction between prosody and kinesics is increasingly discussed today. How is this interaction realised in PS and what is its effectiveness? Is it possible to consider the realised PS as a multimodal speech utterance? In order to answer these questions this article examines the current approaches to the study of French PS presented in corpus linguistics [Goldman et al., 2009; Simon et al., 2010, 2013] and interdisciplinary linguistics [Kibrik, 2018; Guaïtella, 2014] and discusses the relevance of their results to describe the prosody of address as a strategic component of PS.

Трансляция эмоций в аудиодескрипции к немецкоязычным детским анимационным фильмам

The aim of the study is to identify linguistic means and methods for representing emotions in specialized sound descriptions and commentaries (audio descriptions) intended for blind and visually impaired recipients and accompanying feature films. The article examines the features of a children’s ani-mated fairy tale film as a cinematographic genre. Considerable attention is paid to the characteristics of the film text as a semiotic system in which emotional meanings are formed at the verbal and non-verbal level. The scientific novelty of the study is due to the systematization of linguistic means that manifest basic emotions in the German-language audio description to the children’s animated film adaptation. As a result of the study, it was found that the transformation of visual emotional information into verbal information in the audio description text is based on the use of simple syntactic constructions, the models “verb + adjective”, “verb + adverb of manner”, “verb + participle”, as well as the use of phraseological units, colloquial expressions, similes and epithets, which is due to the age and sensory characteristics of young recipients with visual impairment, and serves to facilitate the perception of the transmitted information.

Мультимодальная репрезентация Дня мертвых в мексиканском мультипликационном дискурсе

The article aims to identify the multimodal means of representing the Day of the Dead in Mexican children’s animated films in Spanish. The research focuses on the verbal and non-verbal means of representing this major Mexican holiday in the animated films Coco and El libro de la vida, which are identified using multimodal analysis. The multimodal representation of the celebration of the Day of the Dead is a discursive whole, conveying culturally significant information through verbal, visual and auditory modes. The holiday is depicted in bright colours, whose symbolism is rooted in the culture of the ancient Mayan and Aztec tribes. Death is shown as a natural transition to the next stage of existence, i.e. the bright world of the eternal holiday. The key idea in the multimodal representation of the celebration of the Day of the Dead is that of preserving memory, which at the verbal level is actualized through lexical units with the meanings of memory and closeness and through the lexical-thematic group family and loved ones; at the non-verbal (visual) level the idea is manifested by images of family reunions at cemeteries on the Day of the Dead, while at the auditory level, through the song “Recuérdame”, whose style and manner of performance in Coco change depending on the singer and the meanings being conveyed. Representatives of Mexican linguoculture believe that a person continues to live as long as he/she is remembered. The life in the Land of the Remembered is portrayed by means of positive evaluative adjectives with the meaning of holiday/ fun, while the poor souls in the Land of the Forgotten will face a sad and lonely fate and final death. Multimodal representation of the Day of the Dead involves using certain lexical-semantic units and visual components of the animated text to demonstrate the key culture-specific realia (ofrenda, alebrije, cempasúchil, calavera).

Enhancing Communication Between Sonographers and Patients in Diverse Cultural Settings via Digital Human Role-Playing

Effective communication skills are essential for sonographers to build trust, to explain examination procedures to the patient in non-technical terms, to alleviate anxiety and gain patient consent and collaboration, and to provide information at a pace suitable for the patient. In order to communicate effectively, the sonographer needs to be able to communicate empathetically, adjusting their communication style to meet the needs of different audiences. This is particularly challenging when working with a diverse and multicultural group of patients where the risk of misinterpretation is higher. Students are provided with the opportunity to practice dialogues with virtual patients that are able to interact as real human beings, communicating concerns, emotions, and moods both at a verbal and non-verbal level. Coaching through digital humans accelerates learning from experience without the risks associated with learning in the field.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMMUNICATIVE-BEHAVIORAL COMPONENT OF MULTICULTURAL COMPETENCE OF TEACHERS

The article examines the current topic of multicultural competence of teachers through the development of the communicative and behavioral component. Communicative behavior, according to the author, has always been of interest to researchers. Emphasizing the belonging of teachers to the communicative group, one of the main tasks in the system of additional professional education is called – the formation of the need for cultural identification. Subjects of the pedagogical society – teachers must have a high level of behavioral culture based on moral norms, aesthetic culture, ethics and rules. The purpose of the study is the communicative-behavioral component in conjunction with the main characteristics, the development of which is due simultaneously to the lack of knowledge among university teachers on the organization of pedagogical activities in a situation of multicultural education and the implementation of multicultural ideas, the need to increase the level of emotional culture and culture of communicative behavior, the willingness and ability of teachers to perceive and understand their own emotions and the emotions of other people, respect the feelings of others, successfully establish contacts and carry out intercultural communication on the verbal and non-verbal levels. The article emphasizes the importance and implementation of a complex of organizational and managerial, educational and methodological, psychological and pedagogical conditions in the process of educational activities of students - university teachers. Subjects of the pedagogical society – teachers must have a high level of behavioral culture based on moral norms, aesthetic culture, ethics and rules. Based on the example of the introduction into the learning process of advanced training courses of the program “Formation of multicultural competence of higher school teachers” on the basis of the Stavropol State Medical University”, the result is shown that after completing the courses, students demonstrate more effective ways of interacting in various situations, interest in intercultural interaction and understanding of national characteristics of representatives of different cultures. This result is achieved through the inclusion in training of such complementary research methods as organizational, theoretical, general psychological, problem-search and active gaming technologies and trainings, through which attention was focused on the formation of motivation for intercultural interaction of the individual, on the development of productive thinking. The article emphasizes the importance of implementing a complex of organizational, managerial, educational, methodological and psychological-pedagogical conditions in the process of educational activities of students-university teachers.

Making Political Posters Expressive: Interdiscursive and Intrasemiotic Resources of Multimodal Creativity

This article considers political posters as multimodal texts containing interdiscursive elements which produce linguistic and pictorial creative patterns. The aim of the research is to reveal the way interdiscursive resources work in political posters on the basis of intersemiosis to expressively shape politically relevant information and to impact the recipients emotionally. The sample includes modern British and American political posters with interdiscursive elements which were intentionally embedded into political still visuals to create new layers of meaning. The purpose of this carefully designed discursive hybridization is to attract the recipients’ attention and, in the long run, to affect their electoral choices. The research is set in the framework of Multimodal Discourse Analysis, it also employs stylistic, structural and semantic types of analysis. The examination reveals the sources of interdiscursive items that encompass sport, cinematic, virtual and art discourses. It also elucidates the way interdiscursive elements are integrated into a multimodal text of a political poster on verbal and non-verbal levels. The article contains a case study of a poster based on the combination of political, advertising and cinematic discourses. The analysis shows how the interaction of discourses generates multimodal creativity and how intersemiosis stimulates a careful orchestration of semiotically divergent elements of the target and donor discourses, which ultimately conveys a powerful message. The study is novel as it specifies the notions of multimodal creativity and intersemiosis in reference to political still visuals. The methodology employed in this research opens up new avenues in exploring interdiscursivity and multimodal creativity in other types of text used in visual political communication, such as editorial cartoons and memes.

A longitudinal study on language acquisition in monozygotic twins concordant for autism and hyperlexia

BackgroundHyperlexia, a strong orientation towards written materials, along with a discrepancy between the precocious acquisition of decoding skills and weaker comprehension abilities, characterizes up to 20% of autistic children. Sometimes perceived as an obstacle to oral language acquisition, hyperlexia may alternatively be the first step in a non-social pathway of language acquisition in autism. MethodWe describe two monozygotic twin brothers, both autistic and hyperlexic, from the ages of 4 to 8 years old. Following an in-depth diagnostic assessment, we investigated cross-sectionally and longitudinally their verbal and non-verbal cognitive abilities, language, reading and writing skills, interests, and strengths. ResultsThe twins’ features, including their high non-verbal level of intelligence, their special interests, and their skills in various domains, were highly similar. Their language consisted exclusively of letters and numbers until their fourth year. After that, their vocabulary broadened until they developed full sentences, and their perception-related interests expanded and merged over time to serve the development of other skills. ConclusionOur results show that hyperlexic skills can be harnessed to favor oral language development. Given the strong concordance between the twins’ cognitive and behavioral phenotypes, we discuss the environmental and genetic influence that could explain their abilities.

Политическое «доминирование» Дж. Байдена в контексте технологий коммуникативного манипулирования (на материале английского языка)

The research is a communicative analysis based on the interpretative model of speech behaviour of the incumbent US President J. Biden, demonstrating the implementation of an attempt of political dominance in the international context of the highest state level. The constructed form of communicative representation finds expression on the verbal and nonverbal levels. Specific communicative moves determined allow us to fully perceive the multidimensionality of the embedded meaning. Both the broad macro-textual and narrow micro-textual levels of political discourse are subjected to communicative analysis. The study of a political domination structure, the threat, interpreted through the means of communicative manipulation, acquires a deep consideration. One of the forms of psychological and tactical violence within the framework of political discourse is a threat. The latter receives a pragmatic implementation, reflecting the ways of manifestation in the context of communicative manipulation means – both of direct and indirect expression. Media materials in text and video formats are being studied. The conducted research introduces a number of clarifying theoretical positions in understanding the theory and practice of communicative manipulation technologies.

Physical education as one of the ways of adaptation of foreign students to the new cultural and educational conditions

Social, psychological and cultural adaptation of foreign students is the most difficult process. Studying at Ukrainian universities for foreigners is associated with a number of problems. Physical education can help solve these problems. Physical activity is a means of restoring physical, mental and emotional st rength, helps to cope with stress and educational loads more easily. It is in physical activity that the reserves of increasing the efficiency of the adaptation process are hidden. In the process of physical education, students have to interact and communicate not only verbally, but often also on a non-verbal level. Such communication helps to overcome the language barrier more easily. It was determined that the provision of physical education services to foreign citizens and the interaction of teachers and students has a number of features due to the level of their physical development, religion, length of stay in Ukraine, national traditions, particularly in the field of physical education. The purpose of the research: to reveal the peculiarities of the use of means and methods of physical culture in classes with foreign students. As a result of research, it was found that foreign students (young men) from Arab countries and CIS countries are not inferior to Ukrainian students in the manifestation of basic physical qualities. The level of physical fitness of students from India is significantly lower than the indicators of students from Ukraine and Arab countries, which obliges teachers to offer them loads taking into account their level of physical fitness. Thus, for a more effective adaptation of foreign students in the field of physical culture, it is necessary to: conduct classes taking into account the religious and cultural mentality of foreign students; use the game and competitive method in physical education classes; attract foreign students to participate in mass sports events; to introduce adapted physical culture into the training program of foreign students, especially in the initial courses of study.

Attachment-Related Differences in Emotion Regulation in Adults: A Systematic Review on Attachment Representations.

In recent years, there has been an increase in the prevalence of mental disorders connected with affective dysregulation and insecure attachment. Therefore, it is even more important to understand the interplay between an individual's attachment representation and patterns of emotion regulation. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review to examine this association. PsycInfo, PsyArticles, and PubMed were searched for studies that examined attachment-related differences in emotion regulation in adults. To examine the unconscious attachment representation, only studies using the Adult Attachment Interview or the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System were included. Thirty-seven peer-reviewed studies (with a total of 2006 subjects) matched the PICO criteria. Emotion regulation was measured via four objective approaches: autonomic nervous system, brain activity, biochemistry, or nonverbal behavior. Across all measurements, results reveal a significant correlation between attachment representation and emotion regulation. Secure attachment correlates consistently with balanced emotion regulation, whereas it is impaired in insecure and dysfunctional in unresolved attachment. Specifically, unresolved individuals display counterintuitive responses and fail to use attachment as a resource. Insecure-dismissing attachment is associated with an emotionally deactivating strategy, while on a physiological, biochemical, and nonverbal level, emotional stress is still present. There is still a lack of studies examining preoccupied individuals. In addition to interpreting the results, we also discuss the risk of bias, implications for psychotherapy and coaching, and an outlook for future research.

Facilitating dyadic synchrony in psychotherapy sessions: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: This paper highlights the facilitation of dyadic synchrony as a core psychotherapist skill that occurs at the non-verbal level and underlies many other therapeutic methods. We define dyadic synchrony, differentiate it from similar constructs, and provide an excerpt illustrating dyadic synchrony in a psychotherapy session. Method: We then present a systematic review of 17 studies that have examined the associations between dyadic synchrony and psychotherapy outcomes. We also conduct a meta-analysis of 8 studies that examined whether there is more synchrony between clients and therapists than would be expected by chance. Results: Weighted box score analysis revealed that the overall association of synchrony and proximal as well as distal outcomes was neutral to mildly positive. The results of the meta-analysis indicated that real client-therapist dyad pairs exhibited synchronized behavioral patterns to a much greater extent than a sample of randomly paired people who did not actually speak. Conclusion: Our discussion revolves around how synchrony can be facilitated in a beneficial way, as well as situations in which it may not be beneficial. We conclude with training implications and therapeutic practices.

Отражение национальной и региональной идентичности в немецкоязычном рекламном тексте

The aim of the research is to identify the linguostylistic features of the reflection of the national and regional identity of Germans in the polycode advertising text. The main content of the paper is a study of advertising texts of the “Früh” brewing company located in Cologne. The scientific novelty of the research lies in examining the advertising texts of a regional manufacturer who uses an appeal to the sense of national and regional pride of consumers of the product as the main advertising strategy. In this regard, the linguocultural component, implemented at the verbal and non-verbal levels of the polycode text, occupies a central place in the advertising text. Such an approach to the study of the linguocultural component has not yet attracted researchers’ attention, since the linguocultural component was considered mainly using the material of large-volume texts that were not commercial in their nature. As a result, it has been proved that the appeal to significant national and regional events (holidays and football championships), as well as to the long-term confrontation between Cologne and Dusseldorf, the use of the dialect and language games contribute to the creation of a memorable image of the product that agrees with the character of Cologne residents.

The analysis of gestural and verbal pragmatic markers produced by Mild Cognitive Impaired participants during longitudinal and autobiographical interviews

ABSTRACT Context This corpus-based study presents a multimodal analysis of verbal pragmatic markers and non-verbal pragmatic markers in elderly people with Mild Cognitive Impairment aged over 75 years. Methods The corpus collection and analysis methodology has been described in the Belgian CorpAGEst transversal study and the French VintAGE longitudinal and transversal oriented pilot studies. The protocols are available online in both English and French. Results & Conclusion Our general findings indicate that with ageing, verbal pragmatic markers acquire an interactive function that allows people with MCI to maintain intersubjective relationships with their interlocutor. Furthermore, at the non-verbal level, gestural manifestations are increasingly used over time with a preference for non-verbal pragmatic markers with a referential function and an adaptive function. We aim to show the benefits of linguistic and interactional scientific investigation methods through cognitive impaired ageing for clinicians and family caregivers.

DOES TIME MATTER? A MULTIMODAL ANALYSIS OF SI FROM L2 TO L1

Simultaneous interpreting is regarded as one of the most difficult and stressful types of activity. Simultaneous interpreters work in a severe time deficit and have to absorb much information per unit of time, which means that different cognitive processes (e.g., memory, attention, thinking, perception) are engaged concurrently. This leads to a severe cognitive load, which is sometimes compared with that of pilots. In the current study we investigate how the increase in cognitive load, which happens throughout time, affects interpreters’ performance. This surge, we expect, will be observed on two language levels: verbal and nonverbal (gestural). The analysis is based on 10 videos of simultaneous interpreting of a lecture about biodiversity from English (L2) into Russian (L1), approximately 10 minutes each. The results of the study show an increase in speech disfluencies on the verbal level and distribution of various gesture functions on the nonverbal level. In particular, verbal disfluencies are exteriorized in fillers, draggings and truncations, and their number increases during the interpreting. Along with disfluencies we observed the rise of the co-speech gestures, e.g., adapters and pragmatic gestures, that help maintain control over the process of simultaneous interpreting, structure the output and reduce the cognitive load and stress experienced by participants while performing the task.

The Evaluative Aspect of Diplomatic Speeches during the UN Security Council's Meetings in 2022

The article identifies the evaluative aspect of diplomatic speeches during the UN Security Council’s meetings in 2022, which contributes to the separation of a true attitude towards the topic. That is possible to notice in discussion, information, and country, which is noted by the diplomat in his/her speech. The evaluations are subject to noticed information, facts, sources and specific individuals that have participated directly in the events mentioned in the diplomatic speeches. The connection between valorative, voluntative and modelling aspects of diplomatic speech is noted. The method of assessment includes: 1) positioning, 2) distance, 3) mythologization, 4) retrospection, which is mainly implemented through hyperbolization and ideologization. The linguistic implementation of these techniques occurs by the predominance of expressive verbalization, the involvement of stylistic means, comparison with one of the prominent figures of the past, the contrast opposition of "we-they" for more effective misleading. It is proven based on a quantitative analysis of the archival posts of the UN Security Council, which affects not only the course of discussing the current issue, but also the adoption of resolutions, taking part or not in a specific conflict, etc. In the article, preferences are provided to the explicit assessments, in particular through the use of lexical and stylistic tools. Implicitness is also found in the evaluation of diplomatic speeches, but to a lesser extent than the explicitness of the assessment. At the verbal level, the assessment is voiced either in advance of the prepared speech or as part of an additional word during the meeting; at a non-verbal level, the score is traced by a subtext invoiced by the addressee during a speech or an additional word as a reaction to what is heard during the meeting. The interaction of explicit and implicit forms of realization of valority testifies to the complex nature of diplomatic speech at the meetings of the UN Security Council. The relevance of the problem of identifying the evaluative aspect of diplomatic speeches is due to the global significance of the impact of evaluation on the course of diplomatic negotiations with further consequences at the international level.

Problems of the Ukrainian blogosphere in the context of the development of the people’s cultural code

Introduction. The media space is one of the least studied sources of the cultural code, representing reels, posts and stories that broadcast cultural code at verbal and non-verbal levels. Relevance of the study. Various scholars addressed the issues of culture code, but less attention is paid to studying the problems of the development of the people’s cultural code in the media space. The purpose of our research is to define the problems of the development of the people’s cultural code in the Ukrainian blogosphere. Methodology. The main research method is analysis of scientific literature on the research problem; survey to study the opinions of Ukrainian bloggers regarding problems of the development of the people’s cultural code in the media environment; content analysis of blogs to identify existing problems. Results. The results of the survey indicate that Ukrainian bloggers in TikTok, Instagram and Facebook publish content of a national and cultural direction, through which patriotic, national and cultural values are broadcast, developing the people’s cultural code. At the same time, they face certain difficulties, mostly related to the policies of the social networks. Conclusions. The results of the study of the problems of the Ukrainian blogosphere in the context of the development of the people’s cultural code indicate that some part of Ukrainian bloggers face a number of restrictions in the online media environment, which force them to carefully select content for their blogs and monitor the status of their accounts. The perspective of further research consists in studying the markers of cultural code in the Instagram, Facebook and TikTok media space, as well as in the formation of an actual structural model of cultural code.

SOCIOLINGUISTICS AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO ENGLISH SPEAKING SKILLS

Sociolinguistics is a broad and integrated field of study that examines the perspectives of a particular society, together with its culture, how the target language is used, and the consequences of language on that society. The relationship between Foreign Language Learning (FLT) and sociolinguistics is significant in various ways. Sociolinguistics is highly connected to second language acquisition (SLA) to the extent that it intensely highlights an understanding of the process of language acquisition. This can be done by providing a broader and more comprehensive aspect of language, either at a verbal or non-verbal level (Rogen, 2002). This is because what a native speaker says may be above the actual meaning.Thus, as well as what is uttered, knowing with whom, where, when, and how to talk (discourse) is a key conceptual issue for a learner to pick out the hidden meaning behind (Kramsch, 1991). This leads the learner to decipher the implications—a more nuanced level of understanding of what is said. Sociolinguistics also highlights another key concept, ‘culture’ where a language comes alive. So, this discipline offers learners a high degree of awareness of "sociolinguistic competence", through which a foreign language learner gets exposed while acquiring values and beliefs in a particular society. Additionally, sociolinguistics facilitates contextual learning, which enables them to efficiently communicate in line with given situations and at an appropriate level of language. This is precisely what Speech Act Theory, which is profoundly founded on communicative competence, including such daily life uses as inviting, ordering, congratulating, and so on, suggests. This study highlights the notion that sociolinguistics enables foreign language learners to acquire a target language realistically and functionally, not only at the word and sentence levels but also at contextual levels. Hence, sociolinguistics allows learners to interact with native speakers through oral and written communication with more confidence.

Verbal and non-verbal aspects of the love strategy implementation in modern English discourse

The article focuses on the study of the functioning of verbal and non-verbal components of communication in the English-language marital discourse in communicative situations “first acquaintance”, “flirting”, “declaration of love” and “marriage proposal”. The aspects of communication of the subjects differ depending on the types of lovers that were identified on the basis of the illustrative material studied: these are representatives of romantic, pragmatic and manic types of lovers as well as subjects of ludus love. It has been established that romantic lovers are characterized by high expressiveness in the process of communication both at the verbal and non-verbal levels; the pragmatic type of lovers is characterized by a lack of creativity in expressing feelings of love, consistency of speech and formality in communication; a manic lover is prone to manipulation and emotional blackmail; the subjects of ludus love in the process of flirting resort to banter, jokes, puns, the use of nicknames, ironic expressions, as well as non-verbal components of communication to reduce the social distance in the relationship with the object of love. The article takes into account the influence of the age component on the communication of lovers in pre-matrimonial and matrimonial types of discourse as a result of comparing the characteristics of three age groups of lovers, namely, teenagers aged 13 to 19, adults aged 20 to 40 and lovers aged 40+. Common and distinctive characteristics of the use of verbal and non-verbal components of communication for the specified types of speakers have been clarified.

Contextual Component in Cross-Cultural Business Interaction With Asian Partners

The article aims to illuminate the issues of the impact of the current geopolitical situation on the economic relations between Russian companies and their foreign partners, especially Eastern business associates, in a multicultural environment. The purpose of the study is to consider this interaction from the perspective of the contextual cultural component. The author investigates the role of context in intercultural professional communication according to the classifications by Edward Hall and by Geert Hofstede. Special attention is paid to the need to implement a revised business English curriculum in the training of professional communication at the universities of international relations. The knowledge of cultural differences and the importance of their correct perception and interpretation benefit the effective pursuit of goals in the business sphere. Contextuality is analyzed at verbal and non-verbal levels of professional communication. Based on the comparison of the cultural specifics, the issue of business integration between Russian and Asian markets acquires a new political and economic meaning.