Non-verbal Forms Research Articles

Whole-Body Listening

Listening is a skill that serves as the foundation for all good communication. One of the most common scenarios encountered in child and adolescent psychiatry is one where a child verbalizes that their parent doesn’t listen, while the parent insists that they do. Whole-body listening is a framework that can be implemented by parents to engage in effective communication with their kids. Listening with the ears and eyes involves the utilization of verbal and nonverbal forms of communication. Listening with the heart involves showing compassion, while listening with the brain requires reading between the lines and understanding implied messages. Listening with the mouth involves reflective listening through speech to acknowledge a child’s point and provide validation and empathy. Finally, listening with the hands and feet involves following up words with actions. Each component of whole-body listening builds a tangible framework for children to identify elements of listening that parents might not execute well, and for parents to use to reflect and improve their listening with an end goal of prioritizing empathy over compliance and agreement.

Commentary on “Embodiment Consciousness in Music Performance Pedagogy” by Alves and Nogueira

This commentary on Alves and Nogueira (2024) proposes a potential approach to compare expert and non-expert music teachers’ use of embodied teaching strategies in one-to-one lessons with advanced performance students. The approach is hypothesis-driven, and builds on Alves and Nogueira’s theoretical framework of expert competency domains, as well as empirical studies of musical communication and one-to-one teaching strategies. It is argued that a comprehensive definition of embodied teaching strategies should be conceptualized in terms of the quality of teacher–student interactions and the measurable outcomes of those interactions, and that it should account for the wide range of verbal and non-verbal forms of embodied musical communication that arise.

Translation of English Instructive Images of COVID-19 in Social Media into Arabic: A Semiotic Study

This study investigates the intersemiotic translation process of specific images used to instruct people concerning COVID-19 disease that are posted on different social media. It also attempts to identify translation strategies employed by translators to convey the meaning from one non-verbal form into an Arabic verbal form. This study depends on a multimodal perspective that combines comprehending the connotative meaning of the image and analyzing it into a different verbal expressive form. It is hypothesized that translators are aware of the translation strategy through which the expression of an image is communicated successfully into Arabic verbal expressions. Translators employ Stetting's strategies that are restricted to media translation and journalistic translation, which is used for transferring the meaning of different forms of media. Five translators participated in this study to translate eight images into Arabic. This study concludes that a sign's detonative and connotative meanings are rendered, whether positively or negatively, to transfer the meaning, whether directly or indirectly.

Causal Explanations and the Growth of Understanding

Causal explanations are central to cognitive development. Once considered beyond the grasp of young children, causal reasoning is now understood to be present in infants, driving curiosity and learning. The search for causal explanations underlying recurring patterns is evident in nonverbal forms. Causal explanations are diverse, varying in granularity, spanning different content domains, and encompassing both deterministic and probabilistic forms. These explanations support counterfactual reasoning, diagnostic thinking, and learning. The emergence of causal explanatory thought in infants is suggested by their responses to anomalies and by the development of exploratory behaviors. In the preschool years, children build upon early abilities to request, evaluate, and generate explanations. The decline of causal explanation-seeking in young schoolchildren can be dramatic and seems to arise from a convergence of social, cultural, and motivational factors. Overall, the development of causal explanations is essential to cognitive growth and mature understanding, with enduring influences on learning and reasoning.

Prevention of Bullying Behavior through the Roots Program

The study aims to identify the bullying of students and the preventive efforts of the school through the Roots School Movement program. This type of research is qualitative descriptive with a phenomenological approach, and the research location is in the 7th Makassar State High School. The population in this study is the head of school, teachers, and pupils with sampling techniques using probability random samplings. Data collection techniques are done using observations, interviews, and documentation; then, data will be analyzed using triangulation data, i.e., data collection, data reduction, and verification. Based on the research results, conversation forms often occur in both verbal and non-verbal forms. The verbal conversations experienced by the students are extortion, body shaming, kissing, igniting, and exorcism. Whereas the non-verbal negotiations that occur with the pupils are deliberately pushed and beaten. This beating is done between individuals and individuals, groups to individuals, and groups to groups. So based on that, the things that the 7 Makassar State High Schools are doing in dealing with the negotiations are forming anti-negotiation teams, socializing, forming pupils as anti-counseling agents, training teachers, training pupils, anti-conversion exhibitions for pupils and activating school committees and changing the learning paradigm between teachers and pupils.

Cultural Implications Through Hand Gesture in Japanese and Balinese Communities

<span lang="EN">Communication involves both verbal and non-verbal forms of expression, such as gestures. However, misunderstandings can arise when people from different cultures communicate. This study examines the use of gestures by the Japanese and Balinese, exploring their similarities and differences. The research involves descriptive-qualitative analysis, gathering data through observation, interviews, and note-taking. The findings indicate that both cultures have a similar understanding of gestures due to their emphasis on social etiquette. Additionally, both cultures incorporate taboos, honorifics, and status elements in their gestures. However, the Balinese body language is influenced by the cultural concept of Rwa Bineda, while the Japanese body language is more influenced by inyo.</span>

Facilitating and hindering factors in the treatment of persistent somatic symptoms in migrants: A scoping review

ObjectiveTo identify facilitating and hindering factors in the treatment of persistent somatic symptoms (PSS) in migrants in psychiatry and other health care settings in Western countries. MethodsA scoping literature review was conducted by searching PubMed and Embase, using combinations of search terms related to the treatment of PSS in migrants. Studies outside of the scope of current guidelines or limited to specific underlying diseases such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or consequences of torture were excluded. Two independent reviewers verified that the studies met the inclusion criteria, assessed the quality of the studies, and identified and categorized facilitating and hindering treatment factors. ResultsOf the 347 unique citations identified in the initial the search, 18 studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies showed a wide variety in study design, interventions used, measurement instruments, and study quality. Common treatment adaptations related to: (a) translation and interpretation, (b) adaptation to lower educational levels, (c) culture-sensitive therapists and materials, (d) gender roles, (e) removal of practical barriers, (f) supportive treatment, and (g) nonverbal therapy forms. The most commonly mentioned influencing factors of treatment success related to: (a) body and experience-oriented treatment elements, (b) translation and communication, (c) cultural sensitivity, (d) group interaction, and (e) caring for one's own health. ConclusionThis review provides an overview of available research on treatment adaptations for PSS in migratory background patients. Potential facilitating and hindering factors for treatment success that may be useful for healthcare providers treating PSS in patients with a migratory background were identified.

Effect of Clinician Posture on Patient Perceptions of Communication in the Inpatient Setting: A Systematic Review.

Nonverbal communication plays a pivotal role in the provision of effective patient care and has been associated with important patient health outcomes. Clinician posture, a nonverbal form of communication, may influence the patient experience and satisfaction. The relationship between clinician posture (i.e., standing or at the patient's eye level) and patient perceptions of clinician communication in the hospital-a setting with heightened power dynamics between patient and clinician-is currently unknown. We conducted searches of Ovid MEDLINE, EBSCO CINAHL Complete, EBSCO PsycInfo, Elsevier Embase/Embase Classic, Elsevier Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection upto May 2023. English language studies were included if they compared clinician posture (eye-level or standing) during adult inpatient (including emergency department) interactions. Two authors independently abstracted data from included studies and assessed risk of bias or quality of evidence. A third author arbitrated any disagreements. Studies reported adherence to the posture intervention and/or patient perception outcomes. The latter included encounter duration, preferences for posture type, perceptions of interaction quality and clinician communication and compassion, and standardized assessments of patient satisfaction. Fourteen studies (six randomized controlled trials, four quasi-experimental studies, four observational studies) assessed clinician posture at the bedside. Ten noted at least one favorable outcome for clinicians who communicated at the patient's eye level, three revealed no differences in patient perceptions between standing and sitting, and one noted higher patient ratings for standing clinicians. Findings were limited by variation in interventions and outcomes, generally high risk of bias, and relatively low adherence to assigned posture groups. Compared to standing, eye-level communication by clinicians appears beneficial. The magnitude and types of benefits clinicians and patients may gain from this behavior remain unclear given heterogeneity and generally high risk of bias in available studies. With its relatively easy implementation and potential for benefit, clinicians should consider communicating with their hospitalized patients at eye level. PROSPERO, CRD42020199817.

A critical and interpretive synthesis of arts-based methods used by dance therapy researchers: A perspective from the creative arts therapies

The creative arts therapies are a group of modality specific disciplines that include dance, music, drama and art. Creative arts therapists take an arts-based approach to practice which often results in the privileging of alternate ways of knowing, such as non-verbal, artistic, and embodied forms of expression and meaning-making. The rising interest in arts-based research in our field, as well as within psychology, has prompted us – a dance therapist and music therapist - to take a closer look at the research literature to ascertain the function and purpose of existing arts-based research approaches in the creative arts therapies. Using dance therapy as an example, we conducted a rigorous interpretive review of 12 dance therapy arts-based research articles to help answer the question - ‘what is the function and purpose of arts-based research in dance therapy?‘. As part of our review, we used an arts-based process to synthesise data and to strengthen our analytic process in a manner congruent with artistic ‘ways of knowing.’ Our exploration led us to recognise that arts-based processes appear to enable the ‘illustration’ and ‘illumination’ of novel understanding in ways that are often more difficult to arrive at when using other qualitative research methods. Furthermore, arts-based research can be useful for facilitating researcher reflexivity, which may be used in service of deepening the interpretive process in qualitative research. However, our involvement with the dance therapy publications also revealed a clear shortcoming for the field: at present there appears to be a clear lack of focus on direct client engagement in the arts-based research literature. As such, arts-based research in the field of dance therapy seems to be somewhat removed from professional practice and appears to instead fulfil a more scholarly or self-reflective purpose. Based on this discovery, we offer some recommendations for those interested in pursuing arts-based research within both psychology as well as creative arts therapies, and in doing so highlight the importance of client voice and experience in health-focused research.

SEMANTICS OF SILENCE IN POETICS OF O. F. BERGHOLZ

The phenomenon of silence in the creative heritage of O. F. Bergholz has not been studied to date. The category of silence is considered in the article as a nonverbal communicative act, a nonverbal form of spiritual experience and a behavioral strategy. In the center of attention is the poem “Except” (“Reached mute despair…”), written by Bergholz after a trip to the construction site of the Volga-Don Canal. The text mentions the icon of the Savior “Good Silence,” thanks to which the category of silence acquires axiological characteristics: forced silence is a strategic means and is realized as salvation from lies (good silence). At the same time, the lexeme silence rhyming with despair in a socio-political context means that the cowardly silencing of the people’s suffering deserves censure. In the poem “Except” with an allusion to Tyutchev’s “Silentium!” and in direct reference to true knowledge (“He knew”), the limitations of the verbal capabilities of language are noted (“no consonance/what he saw cannot be conveyed”). In the poem “February Diary,” silence is actualized as “the identity of speaker, the listener and the topic,” the expressiveness of silence as highest point of communication is emphasized, its conventionality is noted. In the poem “No, not from our meager books…,” the semantics of silence goes back to the author’s religious memory: in the final scene, the chain of generations closes in Christian silence/reconciliation. Silence as a special communicative behavior acquires a ritual character in a number of other texts: the heroine’s meeting with her father in the story “Day Stars” (chapter “The Secret of the Earth”) is saturated with silentium vocabulary; the call to silence on the eve of mortal battles in the poem “The hand pulls to the heart of the Motherland…” determines the normative behavior of a person in a borderline situation. Silence as conscious and effective resistance to the actions of the authorities (an act of disagreement) is manifested in the diary discourse of the poetess and the late cycle “Anna Akhmatova.” An extensive semantic palette of silence is revealed on the basis of Bergholz’s poetic, prose and diary texts.

Enhancing organizational and interpersonal communication in multinational companies: The effectiveness of the onion model

As we moved into the 21st century, it became clear that the success of any organization depends on more than just the technical skills of its managers, who lead the business. It also relies on the active participation of every employee and the quality of communication and interactions within the company. This study focuses on the development of onion models and how effective they are in improving interpersonal communication. The research employed a mixed-method approach, gathering data through reviews of existing literature (secondary data) and direct fieldwork, including interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) for primary data. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to analyze the data. The participants in this study included 50 individuals ranging from owners and directors to managers, regular employees, and office assistants. The findings indicate that the onion model demonstrates a pattern of organizational communication that a) happens between individual members or across the whole organization, b) is formal and hierarchical, c) includes both verbal and non-verbal forms, d) can be direct or indirect, and e) serves the purpose of interaction and detailed discussion related to the company's internal operations. The study concludes that the onion model is effective for use in large and multinational companies.

Signease: Empowering Seamless Communication for the Hearing Impaired

Abstract: There are 2.78% of the total population of India who can’t speak. Sign language is a nonverbal form of communication method which is found among all deaf and dumb communities in the world. Normal people do not learn sign language. It causes barriers in communication between deaf dumb and normal people. Hence Deaf-Mute communication requires an interpreter who will convert hand gestures into auditory speech. The past implementation of this project involved using image processing concepts. But the drawback of these implementations is that projects were non portable and too expensive. Therefore, the system is being proposed with the use of flex sensors, accelerometer and android technology. System includes two modules. First module is a hand glove with sensors and microcontroller to convert hand gestures to auditory speech. Second module is an Android App with Google Speech API to convert text signal to speech.

미술치료의 특성이 치료 수용의도에 미치는 영향 연구

With the rapid development of digital technology, societal changes have a significant impact on mental health and behavior, particularly among China's MZ generation. Their unique life experiences and social backgrounds have led to a high concern for mental health and differing preferences for traditional psychological treatments. This study explores the influence of art therapy characteristics on the treatment acceptance intention of the Chinese MZ generation, focusing on non-verbal nature, form diversity, self-expressiveness, and safety. After reviewing relevant literature and analyzing representative cases, a research model and hypotheses are proposed. A questionnaire survey among the MZ generation with experience or acceptance of art therapy collects empirical data. Multiple regression analysis confirms the impact of art therapy's non-verbal nature, self-expressiveness, and safety on treatment acceptance intention (p-values: 0.000, 0.008, 0.000, respectively, all <0.05), indicating a positive effect. However, form diversity (p-value: 0.116) shows no significant impact, leading to the rejection of its hypothesis.

A pragmatic Analysis of Effective Political Communication from a Relevance-Theoretic Perspective

A substantial aim of political communication is to engage specific groups of citizens through pragmatic policies and various media channels to convey messages and gain the audience’s acceptance effectively. This study investigates political communication as a form of discourse that occurs within political contexts, which involves the exchange of messages among political actors to address and resolve political issues. It is an interdisciplinary field encompassing aspects of psychology, economics, culture, society, and linguistics. This paper aims to give a satisfactory explanation for the question concerning effective communication characteristics: how might politicians utilize them in their speech to be more effective? This pragmatic study in discourse is devoted to analyzing the various effective syntactic structures that arise within political interactions according to Sperber and Wilson’s Theory of Relevance. The contribution of this study is evident as guidelines for further understanding the correlation between language and cognition. The researchers find that politicians seek to cognitively take advantage of the tendency of the audience to strive for relevance. In this way, expectations and attitudes are to be recognized and met by either interlocutors. The focal point of the study is the linguistic and inferential aspects of communication (verbal and non-verbal forms), represented in explicatures and implicatures. The study’s findings exhibit the politicians’ efforts in crafting their utterances optimally to meet the audience’s expectations of relevance, which could be used as an influential method for further studies concerning discourse and communication. This research paper aims to pragmatically exploit the effectiveness of the political interactions (extracts) in the House of Commons (UK parliamentary debates).

Exploring Convolutional Neural Networks for Facial Expression Recognition: A Comprehensive Survey

Facial emotion recognition is a very sought-after field in recent times as it has many important applications such as effective calculations, video game testing and motion capture in video games, human-computer interaction through machine vision, computer research etc. Facial expression is considered a nonverbal form of communication, as it reveals an individual's internal sentiments and emotional states through changes in multiple facial landmark points. Facial identification provides a more comprehensive insight into the person's thoughts and these expressions are analyzed using deep learning methods, such as CNN. The accuracy rates achieved are compared to other methods. In this paper, a concise exploration of diverse applications within Facial Expression Recognition (FER) fields and the publicly accessible data sets employed in FER studies is outlined. FER using multiple different CNN algorithms is also presented. Finally, through comparing multiple different studies of various CNN algorithms, a table and a chart are provided for a better understanding of the rate of accuracy achieved throughout the use of different datasets.

Exploring Local Wisdom: Analysis of Non-Verbal Communication Skills in Cirebon Traditional Mask Dance Audiences

This research delves into the intriguing realm of mask dance and its role as a nonverbal communication medium for audiences in Cirebon. By examining dance skills such as movement, rhythm, expression, level, and floor patterns, the study aims to unravel the profound impact of this art form. A qualitative approach and descriptive research design are adopted to achieve this, allowing for a comprehensive exploration of the performance form and the far-reaching effects of mask dance. The research findings promise to provide profound insights into the significance of dance in preserving local culture. By shedding light on the intricate nuances of mask dance, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the art's value and cultural implications. Not only does it enhance our understanding of the art form itself, but it also holds practical implications for researchers and stakeholders in the field. The knowledge gleaned from this research equips researchers and stakeholders with a more profound appreciation and recognition of the richness embedded within the Cirebon mask dance. It serves as a testament to the power of dance as a nonverbal form of communication, capable of transcending language barriers and conveying messages that resonate with audiences on a profound level. This research serves as a valuable resource, providing a foundation upon which future studies and initiatives can build, further enhancing the preservation and promotion of local art and culture.

Beyond words: How visual imagery shapes collaborative sensemaking in entrepreneurial ecosystems

Entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) are complex social systems dependent on connectivity and shared understanding between diverse actors. An often used, albeit oversimplified view, implies that diverse actors connect, collaborate and contribute to the EE in an almost frictionless way. However, this perspective overlooks the need for deeper forms of communication that can shift actors' perceptions, goals and motivations to trigger meaningful change. Recent research has highlighted the role of conversations, narratives and stories in developing (informal) institutions and shared understandings. What is missing from this discussion, however, are non-verbal forms of communication, which enable interpretation, support meaning-making and help implementation. This paper draws on communicative institutionalism theory and empirical observations from a larger participatory action research project. We discuss how visuals support richer interpretation of ambiguities, different perspectives and collaborative sensemaking. Images act as boundary objects enabling creative associations, revealing assumptions and catalysing explorative dialogue through inherent ambiguity. Representing complex concepts visually facilitates participant engagement over time. The co-creative process of iterative illustration also captures shared meaning as it emerges. Implications highlight visuals’ potential for fostering future-oriented dialogue, reflective practice and embodied institutions fundamental for EEs. From this, we outline suggestions for further research and practice.

Speaking up on attending ward rounds: a qualitative study of internal medicine residents

Attending rounds are a core educational component of learning in teaching hospitals. Speaking up in this context has not been explored among medical residents. We aimed to understand residents’ perspectives on speaking up about their own clinical reasoning during attending rounds. This was a qualitative study performed at a single teaching hospital. We selected a random sample of 45 internal medicine residents among 141 in the training program, among whom 21 accepted the invitation to participate. Semi-structured interviews were conducted over Zoom. We performed thematic analysis within a social constructionist epistemology to develop codes, categories, and themes. Analysis continued until thematic saturation was achieved. We interviewed 21 residents, including 9 interns, 7 junior residents, and 5 senior residents. Residents described factors related to team culture, team dynamics, knowledge and experience, domain of patient care, and structure of rounds that influence speaking up during rounds. We identified four themes that were critical for speaking up: (1) promoting a culture of learning; (2) creating psychological safety; (3) developing self-efficacy; and (4) fostering resident autonomy. Feedback from the attending, particularly nonverbal cues perceived as negative, played a prominent role in preventing residents from speaking up. We identified factors for speaking up among residents during attending rounds. Feedback conveyed during attending rounds influenced the culture of learning, psychological safety, and residents’ self-efficacy, which impacted residents’ motivation to speak up. Ward attendings should be mindful of verbal and nonverbal forms of feedback on rounds.

Nursing Interpersonal Communication Model for Schizophrenia Patients at Tampan Mental Hospital Pekanbaru

Schizophrenia is a neurological disorder and a serious type of mental illness that affects the patient's perception, thinking, language, emotions, and social behavior. Communicating with individuals suffering from schizophrenia requires special techniques because they tend to experience self-concept issues, immerse themselves in their own world, and exhibit physical well-being but mental unhealthiness. Effective communication with schizophrenia patients necessitates skilled nursing techniques and the ability to communicate effectively. From the perspective of communication science, the relationship between the nurse and the patient falls under interpersonal communication, or from the standpoint of health communication, it is therapeutic communication. The communication between the nurse and the patient creates interpersonal interaction using linguistic symbol systems, such as verbal and nonverbal systems. This study aims to describe and analyze interpersonal communication between nurses and Schizophrenia patients at Rumah Sakit Jiwa in the Riau Province. The research utilizes a case study method. The results show that the interpersonal communication used by nurses with schizophrenia patients at Tampan Mental Hospital in the Riau Province involves empathy, positive attention, and sincere acceptance demonstrated through both verbal and nonverbal forms. This fosters trust and openness in patients towards nurses, ultimately contributing to the improvement of schizophrenia patients' healing process.

언어학적 갈등분석과 갈등대화 연구

The purpose of this paper is to explore the classification and causes of conflict, as well as to investigate the potential for conflict research based on linguistic aspects. Conflict and discord are inevitable in our lives because our perspectives and understandings are diverse, making conflict a natural outcome. To achieve this, we seek to understand the characteristics and patterns of conflict discourse and examine the linguistic strategies and features employed in conflict dialogue. Conflict naturally manifests itself in non-verbal forms, but it is more effectively expressed when mediated through language. This is because linguistic symbols can reflect differences in opinions, conflicting understandings, and clashes of interests. The resolution of conflicts is rooted in mutual understanding and effective dialogue, emphasizing the importance of comprehending and respecting the other party's perspectives. From this perspective, linguistic scrutiny of conflict plays a crucial role in understanding and resolving societal conflicts.