Non-verbal Communication Process Research Articles

Digitalising qualitative social research? On the potential of digital features to enhance data collection in qualitative research: the example of a virtual reality serious game in a qualitative research project

Digital features like virtual reality have hardly been used in the framework of data collection in qualitative social work research. Virtual reality holds specific promise because it allows the immersion of participants in a situation and has the potential to strengthen the ecological validity of data. In this light, we examined the use of a virtual reality serious game in qualitative in-person interviews in the framework of a prevention-oriented HIV social research project. We designed and developed an immersive virtual reality serious game, and integrated it into 24 problem-centred in-person interviews. The integration was feasible, and the virtual reality serious game was well accepted. It prompted participants to elaborate their lived experiences more extensively and in depth. Participants subsequently recalled episodes they had not mentioned before, complemented their narratives and brought up new topics. The atmosphere became less formal, and participants were even more communicative. The use of virtual reality seems to have the potential to open up new perspectives, broaden epistemic possibilities and complement the qualitative methods used to investigate, in particular, verbal and non-verbal communication and interaction processes. From an ethical perspective, the use of virtual reality should be well reflected upon regarding possible after-effects for the participants.

A study of critical value analysis at hematology and biochemistry sections of laboratory in a multispeciality hospital

The issue of laboratory critical value (CV) reporting has gained importance in the recent times due to the national focus on patient safety. Critical value notification (CVN) has become an essential part of accreditation procedures for medical laboratories, including the universally accepted International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 15189: 2012. Our study aimedto analyze the critical value data in hematology and biochemistry sections of the laboratory, to compare the frequencies of critical values for different parameters and to suggest measures for improving the effectiveness and operational efficiency of the critical value notification process.Our study was a retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study done over a period of one year six months (January 2020 to June 2021). The parameters chosen for CVN included platelets, hemoglobin and International Normalized Ratio (INR) from hematology section and creatinine, glucose, sodium, potassium and calcium from the biochemistry section. A test result that was significantly outside the normal range and that required immediate communication was considered as a “critical value (CV)”. Both verbal (through telephone) and non-verbal [through short message service (SMS)] communication processes for CVN were implemented in our lab. We also followed the practice of CV “read-back” by the person who was informed over the phone. A total of 2199 critical values were reported. A maximum of 1224 (55.7%) critical values were recorded from the emergency department. CVs were highest from biochemistry (1898, 86.3%) section. Analyte most commonly notified was creatinine (1151, 52.3%). CVNs were maximum in the morning shifts (1378, 62.7%).Implementation of the critical alert short message service (SMS) send outs has greatly helped us in reducing the CV turn around time (TAT). Our study has successfully demonstrated the importance of both verbal and non-verbal communication processes for notification of CVs.

Assisted Living Facilities: Benefits, Challenges, and the Importance of Culture

Assisted Living Facilities: Benefits, Challenges, and the Importance of Culture

The Model of Teachers Communication Based on Multicultural Values in Rural Early Childhood Education

The phenomenon of the absence of moral decadence and appropriate behavior such as violence, brawls, exclusivism, and a lack of tolerance and respect for others in all forms involving students is an ineffective model of education and function. The dysfunction is caused by not conveying the message desired by the teacher. Thus, this study aimed to describe the multicultural values-based teacher communication model in early childhood education institutions in rural areas. This research used a case study approach. This study indicates that the multicultural value-based teacher communication model in early childhood education institutions in rural areas is carried out in the form of verbal and non-verbal communication. In verbal communication, messages are conveyed verbally and in writing. Meanwhile, in the non-verbal communication process, the messages conveyed are in the form of persuasive power, coercive and reward power, personal imitation, and educative interactions vertically and horizontally

The Dynamics of the Verbal and Non-verbal Communication Process in Professional Rapports

The Dynamics of the Verbal and Non-verbal Communication Process in Professional Rapports

A Descriptive Study on the Clinical Correlates of Conversion Disorder

Aim: Conversion disorder is defined by the presence of deficits affecting the voluntary motor or sensory functions lacking any known neurological cause. The aim of the study is to describe the sociodemographic profile and clinical characteristics including the frequency distribution of various types of presentations of patients with conversion disorders in a tertiary care psychiatric facility and to assess the presence of depression and anxiety and its level of severity in those patients. Methods: After obtaining informed consent, 50 consecutive patients who had met with the ICD-10 diagnosis criteria for conversion disorder and those who meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria, were enrolled for the study. They were interviewed using a semi-structured Performa and were administered Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS) and the results were analysed using SPSS software and interpreted. Results: Majority of the study patients were young adolescents (48%), females (76%), rural residents (60%), mostly unmarried (46%). Dissociative motor disorders (30%) were the most common presentation followed by mixed dissociative disorder (26%) and Dissociative convulsions (22%). HAD scale revealed that, both depression and anxiety scores were significantly high in major number of patients. Conclusion: The most common presenting symptom was that of dissociative motor type followed by dissociative convulsions with considerably high rates of depression (48%) and anxiety (54%). This made us to conclude that conversion as a phenomenon emerges to uphold its significance as a non-verbal communication process of the subconscious Mind. Keywords: Conversion, Dissociation, Hysteria, Dissociative Motor Disorder, Dissociative Convulsions, Laterality, Depression, Anxiety.

Autistic Children Verbal And Non-Verbal Communication Development

The article presents the results of the study, which relates to the efficacy of speech therapy means and methods for the development of speech and non-verbal communication processes for children with autism. A number of researchers' observations show that the range of contact between children with autism is very limited. Mostly these children feel calm and they are relatively manageable only among their extremely close people. The difficulty of selective and original communication contributes to the more isolation of children with autism. The communication difficulties described in the context of not performing early diagnostics work start to be strengthened and deeply rooted in the mental processes of these children. The inability to communicate and the active rejection of any communication contributes to relapsing behaviors whenever there is an attempt to draw any attention and the requirement for a directive ends with a fight. Based on the multi-year pedagogical activity in this field, the author presents experimental studies with autistic children. Taking into account the individual features of each child during the two-year training, we have created different play situations to try to make an interest and expand the range of contacts. Initially, we tried to create about 5-10 similar situations during one speech therapy session, and later, when appropriate skill is well-formed, we try to strengthen it in other situations or in the presence of other strangers.

The Role of Cinema in the History of Media Education in Canada

The era of audiovisual culture began more than a hundred years ago with the advent of cinema, and is associated with a special language that underlies non-verbal communication processes. Today, screen influence on humans is dominant, as the generation for which computer is an integral part of everyday life has grown. In recent years, non-verbal language around the world has been a major tool in the fight for influence over human consciousness and intelligence. Formation of basic concepts of media education, which later developed into an international pedagogical movement, in a number of western countries (Great Britain, France, Germany) began in the 60’s and 70’s of the XX century. In Canada, as in most highly developed countries (USA, UK, France, Australia), the history of media education began to emerge from cinematographic material. The concept of screen education was formed by the British Society for Education in Film (SEFT), initiated by a group of enthusiastic educators in 1950. In the second half of the twentieth century, due to the intensive development of television, the initial term “film teaching” was transformed into “screen education”. The high intensity of students’ contact with new audiovisual media has become a subject of pedagogical excitement. There was a problem adjusting your children’s audience and media. The most progressive Canadian educators, who have recognized the futility of trying to differentiate students from the growing impact of TV and cinema, have begun introducing a special course in Screen Arts. The use of teachers of the rich potential of new audiovisual media has greatly optimized the learning process itself, the use of films in the classroom has become increasingly motivated. At the end of 1968, an assistant position was created at the Ontario Department of Education, which coordinated work in the “onscreen education” field. It is worth noting that media education in Canada developed under the influence of English media pedagogy. The first developments in the study of “screen education” were proposed in 1968 by British Professor A. Hodgkinson. Canadian institutions are actively implementing media education programs, as the development of e-learning is linked to the hope of solving a number of socio-economic problems. In particular, raising the general education level of the population, expanding access to higher levels of education, meeting the needs for higher education, organizing regular training of specialists in various fields. After all, on the way of building an e-learning system, countries need to solve a set of complex technological problems to ensure the functioning of an extensive network of training centers, quality control of the educational process, training of teaching staff and other problems. Today, it is safe to say that Canada’s media education is on the rise and occupies a leading position in the world. Thus, at the beginning of the 21st century, Canada’s media education reached a level of mass development, based on serious theoretical and methodological developments. Moreover, Canada remains the world leader in higher education and spends at least $ 25 billion on its universities annually. Only the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia are the biggest competitors in this area.

Be Careful Where You Smile: Culture Shapes Judgments of Intelligence and Honesty of Smiling Individuals.

Smiling individuals are usually perceived more favorably than non-smiling ones—they are judged as happier, more attractive, competent, and friendly. These seemingly clear and obvious consequences of smiling are assumed to be culturally universal, however most of the psychological research is carried out in WEIRD societies (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) and the influence of culture on social perception of nonverbal behavior is still understudied. Here we show that a smiling individual may be judged as less intelligent than the same non-smiling individual in cultures low on the GLOBE’s uncertainty avoidance dimension. Furthermore, we show that corruption at the societal level may undermine the prosocial perception of smiling—in societies with high corruption indicators, trust toward smiling individuals is reduced. This research fosters understanding of the cultural framework surrounding nonverbal communication processes and reveals that in some cultures smiling may lead to negative attributions.

Sound Codes in Advertising

The article is dedicated to research into the effect of a sound and musical accompaniment in a TV commercial. But for verbal components of advertisement intended to affect a person by means of words non-verbal components serve the same purpose. It is important to notice that non-verbal part of advertisement does not only form the background for the text but makes its own message involving the consumer into the non-verbal communication process. As long as a commercial contains minimum two messages (verbal and non-verbal) it has a real impact on the consumer provided these messages do not counteract but harmoniously complete each other. An experiment on a commercial perception with no video series has been conducted. The objective is to demonstrate effectiveness of a sound accompaniment in commercials. The issue is of paramount importance today because of lack of information in this sphere, its low level of scrutiny and a small amount of research. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s4p75

Exploring power relations embedded in medication communication processes on general medical wards

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine power relations embedded in verbal and non-verbal medication communication processes that involve nurses, doctors, pharmacists and patients in two general medical wards of an acute care hospital.Design/methodology/approach– This paper reports on the findings of an ethnographic study investigating medication communication processes in hospital spatial environments. It was theoretically informed by the work of Norman Fairclough. Data collection methods comprising video-recordings and video reflexive focus groups were employed. Fairclough's critical discourse analytic framework guided data analysis.Findings– Four different forms of power relations between clinician-patient, nurse-doctor, clinician-organisation and multidisciplinary interactions were uncovered. Nurses asserted their professional autonomy when communicating with doctors about medications by offering specific advice on medical prescribing and challenging medication decisions. Video reflexivity enabled nurses to critically examine their contribution to medication decision-making processes. Clinicians of different disciplines openly contested the organisational structure of patient allocation during medical discussions about management options. Clinicians of different disciplines also engaged in medication communication interchangeably to accomplish patient discharge.Originality/value– An investigation of existing power relations embedded in medication communication processes within specific clinical contexts can lead to a better understanding of medication safety practices. Video reflexive focus groups are helpful in encouraging clinicians to reflect on their practice and consider ways in which it could be improved in how power relations are played out.

An Exemplar for Combining the Collection, Analysis, and Interpretations of Verbal and Nonverbal Data in Qualitative Research

Denham and Onwuegbuzie (2013) provided evidence that relatively few qualitative researchers include any mention of nonverbal communication in their empirical articles. Of those who do include this information, the vast majority of qualitative researchers devote as little as one sentence to nonverbal communication data in their published articles. However, this lack of reporting of nonverbal communication data likely stems from the scant guidance in this area given by authors of qualitative research textbooks. Thus, the purpose of the present article is to provide a framework for collecting, analyzing, and interpreting nonverbal communication behavior. This framework yields guidelines for students to collect, to analyze, to interpret, and to report nonverbal communication data. Underlying this framework is a 13-step nonverbal communication process that serves as a conceptual framework that we use in our qualitative research methodology courses to help students develop a nonverbal communication way of thinking. This 13-step nonverbal communication process occurs at the following three stages: the Conceptualization Stage, the Planning Stage, and the Implementation Phase. Rather than representing a linear process, the nonverbal communication methodological steps within each stage and across stages are interactive and recursive. After providing this framework, we present an exemplar for reporting nonverbal communication data.

Rechtshemisphärisch aushalten statt linkshemisphärisch deuten – Projektive Identifizierung als interpersonaler Mechanismus zur Entwicklung der Fähigkeit zur Affektregulation

The capacity of affect regulation develops with priority in reciprocal, non-verbal communication processes between the early caregiver and the baby. In this process, the projective identification plays the role of crucial means of communication. Processes of projective identification which emerge in therapeutic and educational interactions can be understood as such an early form of communication which contributes to the afterward-ripening of the capacity of affect regulation. Before the background of recent neuro-psychological findings it becomes clear, why the reciprocal and non-verbal communication between the early caregiver and infant as well as between the therapist and the patient is of such fundamental importance for the structural (re-) maturation of the right cerebral hemisphere, as well as for the connections between the left and right hemisphere. In case the projective identification persists as a defensive strategy in dealing with other people, pathological interaction circles can develop which can be overcome only when, for example, the other person assumes the role of the "regulating other".

An affective interactive audio interface for Lovotics

The aim of the "Lovotics" (Love + Robotics) research is to accomplish an amicable relationship between humans and robots to create a sentimental robotic system that is engaged in a reciprocal affective interaction with humans. This article will outline the part of the project focus which is to develop an affective audio system for Lovotics which will act as an active participant in a bidirectional nonverbal communication process with humans. This interactive audio system is capable of synthesizing real-time audio output based on eight parameters, namely, pitch, number of harmonics, amplitude, tempo, sound envelope, chronemics, proximity, and synchrony. In addition to the first five common parameters, we focused on comprehensive research and user testing on the chronemics, proximity, and synchrony (C.P.S. effect) and aimed to find out how these three factors enhance positive feelings in the human-robot interaction. These factors were determined through our study and were found to have a positive effect on the emotional interaction between humans and robots. Thus, an interactive feedback audio system is implemented which allows sentimental interaction between humans and robots. The aim of such a system is to offer new possibilities for exploring the concept and possibilities of human-robot love.

Nonverbal behavioral similarity between patients with depression in remission and interviewers in relation to satisfaction and recurrence of depression

Unsatisfying interpersonal relationships are involved in the onset and course of depression. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. In this study we investigated the nonverbal communication between 101 patients with remitted depression and interviewers. We related the interaction between the patients' and interviewers' behavior to patients' satisfaction with the interview and to the risk of recurrence of depression. We registered the patients' and interviewers' nonverbal displays of involvement during a clinical interview and assessed the patients' satisfaction with the interview. Possible recurrence of depression was assessed within a 2-year follow-up. Based on findings in healthy people, we hypothesized that the more similar the levels of the patients' and interviewers' behavior became during the interview, the more satisfied the patients would turn out to be. Furthermore, we hypothesized that lack of similarity in the levels of the patients' and interviewers' involvement behavior would predict recurrence of depression. Our hypotheses were confirmed: The more the patients' and interviewers' behavior converged, the more satisfied the patients were with the interview and the lower the risk of recurrence of depression. Satisfaction did not mediate the association between convergence and risk of recurrence. Also, no gender effects were found. We conclude that nonverbal communication processes are involved in the risk of recurrence of depression. Remitted people's difficulties in reaching nonverbal convergence with others may hamper them in their interpersonal functioning and, as a consequence, may put them at risk for new episodes of depression.

A influência da comunicação não verbal no cuidado de enfermagem

Este estudo é vinculado ao Núcleo de Pesquisa e Experimentação em Enfermagem da Escola de Enfermagem Alfredo Pinto UNIRIO, e que teve origem durante o desenvolvimento de um trabalho monográfico. O objeto constitui-se no significado da comunicação não-verbal sob a ótica dos graduandos de enfermagem. Apresenta como objetivos: Identificar o significado da comunicação não verbal para os acadêmicos de enfermagem e Analisar a influência da mesma no cuidado de enfermagem. A abordagem metodológica utilizada foi à qualitativa aplicando-se como estratégia a dinâmica de sensibilidade para a coleta de dados. Observa-se que os alunos da graduação identificam a importância e a influência da comunicação não verbal durante a assistência, entretanto, há a necessidade em se ampliar o conhecimento do processo de comunicação não verbal para implementação do cuidado de enfermagem.

Facial Expressions and Ambivalence: Looking for Conflict in All the Right Faces

The present study examined the impact of conflict over emotional expression on the nonverbal communication process between romantic partners. Fifty-four romantically involved female undergraduate students who scored within the upper or lower 30th percentile range on the Ambivalence over the Expression of Emotion Questionnaire (AEQ; King & Emmons, 1990) were recruited along with their romantic partners. The facial expressions of these women were examined during a conflict resolution task. Analyses indicated that highly ambivalent women expressed a greater number of negative facial expressions and shorter lasting positive facial expressions (measured with FACES; Kring & Sloan, 1992) than less ambivalent women. These expressions were not entirely explained by current mood, as ambivalence predicted a greater number of negative facial expressions, and a briefer display of positive facial expressions, above and beyond current levels of negative and positive affect. Furthermore, analyses indicated that the number of women's negative expressions predicted significant increases in men's dysphoria and marginal increases in men's anxiety, suggesting potential negative interactional patterns between ambivalent women and their partners.

An agent-based architecture for multimodal interaction

In this paper, an executable generic process model is proposed for combined verbal and non-verbal communication processes and their interaction. The agent-based architecture can be used to create multimodal interaction. The generic process model has been designed, implemented and used to simulate different types of interaction between verbal and non-verbal communication processes: a non-verbal communication process can add and modify content to a verbal communication process, but can also provide a protocol for the (control of the) verbal communication process. With respect to the communication protocol both stimulus–response behaviour and deliberative behaviour have been modelled and simulated. The semantics of the model has been formalized by three-levelled partial temporal models, covering both the material and mental proceses and their relations.

Nonverbal Communication and Primary Process in Roman Verse Satire

Nonverbal Communication and Primary Process in Roman Verse Satire

Siting of Public Libraries:

The siting of a public library is a non-verbal communication process. Taking the example of Perlh metropolitan region, Western Auslralia, the siting of public libraries was examined by applying semiotic analysis. Semiotics by separating the expression (or the signifiers such as centralily and accessibilily of a site) from the content (or Ule signified-such as solidarity or lack of it) providcd the necessary research tools for this analysis. The findings indicate that the public face of public libraries (e.g., the siting) is constructed in the context of overlapping and contesling macropowers, i.e., the State (including he local government aulhorities) and Ule professional organizations. The conflicting messages of power versus solidarity as present themselves in siting need to be understood for the correction of any unwanted dysfunctional acts of communication in these agents of communication in society.