Non-starch Polysaccharide Enzymes Research Articles

Proteome changes in the small intestinal mucosa of growing pigs with dietary supplementation of non-starch polysaccharide enzymes.

BackgroundNon-starch polysaccharide enzymes (NSPEs) have long been used in monogastric animal feed production to degrade non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) to oligosaccharides in order to promote growth performance and gastrointestinal (GI) tract health. However, the precise molecular mechanism of NSPEs in the improvement of the mammalian small intestine remains unknown.MethodsIn this study, isobaric tags were applied to investigate alterations of the small intestinal mucosa proteome of growing pigs after 50 days of supplementation with 0.6% NSPEs (mixture of xylanase, β-glucanase and cellulose) in the diet. Bioinformatics analysis including gene ontology annotation was performed to determine the differentially expressed proteins. A protein fold-change of ≥ 1.2 and a P-value of < 0.05 were selected as thresholds.ResultsDietary supplementation of NSPEs improved the growth performance of growing pigs. Most importantly, a total of 90 proteins were found to be differentially abundant in the small intestinal mucosa between a control group and the NSPE group. Up-regulated proteins were related to nutrient metabolism (energy, lipids, protein and mineral), immunity, redox homeostasis, detoxification and the cell cytoskeleton. Down-regulated proteins were primarily related to transcriptional and translational regulation. Our results indicate that the effect of NSPEs on the increase of nutrient availability in the intestinal lumen facilitates the efficiency of nutrient absorption and utilization, and the supplementation of NSPEs in growing pigs also modulates redox homeostasis and enhances immune response during simulating energy metabolism due to a higher uptake of nutrients in the small intestine.ConclusionsThese findings have important implications for understanding the mechanisms of NSPEs on the small intestine of pigs, which provides new information for the better utilization of this feed additive in the future.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12953-016-0109-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

935 Addition of optimal non-starch polysaccharide enzymes using in vitro method to a corn-soybean meal diet and a corn-miscellaneous meal diet for growing pigs

935 Addition of optimal non-starch polysaccharide enzymes using in vitro method to a corn-soybean meal diet and a corn-miscellaneous meal diet for growing pigs

High dosing NSP enzymes for total protein and digestible amino acid reformulation in a wheat/corn/soybean meal diet in broilers

SUMMARY This research sheds a new light on the potency of non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) enzymes xylanase, glucanase, and pectinase to save on total protein and digestible amino acids in broiler feed. It was demonstrated previously that advised dosages of further described NSP enzyme concepts can decrease FCR1500 by ≥3% in broilers on various non-reformulated diets, allowing for energy reformulation. Hence the hypothesis that higher dosages are needed to release sufficient NSP encapsulated protein for protein and digestible amino acid reformulation. Two NSP enzyme concepts at double the advised dosage were compared with protease at advised dosage (positive control, confirmed in former trial) in an experimental broiler performance essay. A standard (S) and negative control (NC) diet with relatively 3% less total protein and digestible amino acids, were formulated. The NC diet was supplemented with 1 of 3 commercial enzymes: 1) 40,000 endo-1,4-β-xylanase XU/g (EC 3.2.1.8) and 9,000 endo-1,3(4)-β-glucanase BGU/g (EC 3.2.1.6) (XG) (double the advised dosage, 200 ppm), 2) 10,700 endo-1,4-β-xylanase XU/g (EC 3.2.1.8), 6,150 endo-1,3(4)-β-glucanase BGU/g (EC 3.2.1.6) and 230 pectinase PGLU/g (EC 3.2.1.15) (XGP) (double the advised dosage, 400 ppm) or 3) concentrated protease (PRO) at advised dosage (300 ppm). Performance (feed intake, body weight gain and feed to gain) were similar in broilers fed XG, XGP and PRO supplemented NC diets and equaled the S diet. The present study demonstrates that 200 and 400ppm of mentioned XG and XGP concepts respectively, enable a 3% reformulation on total protein and digestible amino acids. This allows for considerable cost saving of common broiler formula, in present case 3.97 to 4.67€/ton less in starter and 2.37 to 3.07€/ton less in grower feed (calculation of raw materials based on Belgian ingredient prices July 2015). This is mediated by 1) a total protein and digestible amino acid reduction, using 2) mentioned NSP enzyme concepts that are about 43 to 20% cheaper (at double the advised dosage) than protease in current European settings.

Addition of cellulolytic enzymes and phytase for improving ethanol fermentation performance and oil recovery in corn dry grind process

Application of hydrolytic and other enzymes for improving fermentation performance and oil recovery in corn dry-grind process was optimized. Non-starch polysaccharide enzymes (BluZy-P XL; predominantly xylanase activity) were added at stages prior to fermentation at optimum conditions of 50°C and pH 5.2 and compared with conventional fermentation (30°C, pH 4.0). Enzyme applications resulted in faster ethanol production rates with a slight increase in yield compared to control. The thin stillage yield increased by 0.7–5% w/w wet basis with corresponding increase in solids content with enzyme treatment after liquefaction. The oil partitioned in thin stillage was at 67.7% dry basis after treatment with hydrolytic enzymes during fermentation. Further addition of protease and phytase during simultaneous saccharification and fermentation increased thin stillage oil partitioning to 77.8%. It also influenced other fermentation parameters, e.g., ethanol production rate increased to 1.16g/g dry corn per hour, and thin stillage wet solids increased by 2% w/w. This study indicated that treatments with non-starch hydrolytic enzymes have potential to improve the performance of corn dry-grind process including oil partitioning into thin stillage. The novelty of this research is the addition of protease and phytase enzymes during simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of corn dry-grind process, which further improved ethanol yields and oil partitioning into thin stillage.

Synergistic effect of non-starch polysaccharide enzymes and synbiotics on performance, nutrient retention, gut health and carcass characteristics of broiler chicken fed corn-soybean meal based low energy diets

This study was conducted to evaluate the synergistic effect of NSP enzymes and synbiotics supplementation in a corn-soybean meal based low energy diet. A total of 150 broilers were allocated to five treatment groups. Supplementation of NSP enzymes and synbiotics significantly (P supplementation of NSP enzyme and / or synbiotics to BD, while Intestinal viscosity and E. coli count reduced significantly (Pombination to BD. Overall supplementing BD with NSP enzymes along with synbiotics improved FCR, nutrient retentions, tibia ash and reduced cost of production compared to SD and BD in broilers.

Effects of feruloyl esterase, non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzymes, phytase, and their combinations on in vitro degradation of rice bran and nutrient digestibility of rice bran based diets in adult cockerels

The objective of this research was to evaluate the feasibility of improving the nutritive value of rice bran used as poultry feed ingredient by the combination of feruloyl esterase (FAE), non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme cocktail (non-starch polysaccharide enzyme containing xylanase, cellulase, and β-galactosidase, NSPase), and phytase. After analyzing the phenolic acid profile of defatted rice bran (DFRB), an in vitro degradation experiment, and an in vivo metabolism assay were conducted. The effects of FAE, NSPase, and phytase were assessed in a 2×2×2 factorial in vitro experiment using DFRB as substrate. Feruloyl esterase, NSPase, and their combination increased the release of ferulic acid from DFRB (P<0.001). Non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme cocktail increased reducing sugar production (P<0.001). Phytase addition increased the dry matter disappearance (P<0.001), but resulted in a reduction in the levels of ferulic acid and reducing sugar released when combined with FAE and NSPase, respectively. In in vivo experiment, 40 adult cockerels (BW=2.2±0.1kg) were randomly divided into 5 treatments with 8 individual cockerels per treatment. Cockerels in 1 treatment were force-fed 1 of full-fat rice bran based diets [without enzyme supplementation (RB), with NSPase (RBN), NSPase+FAE (RBNF), NSPase+phytase (RBNP), or NSPase+FAE+phytase (RBNFP) addition, respectively]. Enzyme additions improved the nutrient digestibility of rice bran. The greatest enhancements in digestibility coefficients of dry matter (P=0.036), gross energy (P<0.001), ether extract (P<0.001), and neutral detergent fiber (P=0.01) were found in the RBNF and RBNFP diets. The apparent metabolizable energy of full-fat rice bran based diets increased from 12.05 (RB diet) to 13.05 (RBNF diet), and, then, to 13.13MJ/kg (RBNFP diet). In conclusion, combining FAE with NSPase and phytase improved both in vitro dry matter degradation and ferulic acid release, and in vivo nutrient digestibility of rice bran based diets. It showed a high potential in improving the use of rice bran as poultry feed.

ITRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of longissimus muscle from growing pigs with dietary supplementation of non-starch polysaccharide enzymes.

Non-starch polysaccharide enzymes (NSPEs) have long been used in the feed production of monogastric animals to degrade non-starch polysaccharide to oligosaccharides and promote growth performance. However, few studies have been conducted on the effect of such enzymes on skeletal muscle in monogastric animals. To elucidate the mechanism of the effect of NSPEs on skeletal muscle, an isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) for differential proteomic quantitation was applied to investigate alterations in the proteome in the longissimus muscle (LM) of growing pigs after a 50-d period of supplementation with 0.6% NSPEs in the diet. A total of 51 proteins were found to be differentially expressed in the LM between a control group and the NSPE group. Functional analysis of the differentially expressed protein species showed an increased abundance of proteins related to energy production, protein synthesis, muscular differentiation, immunity, oxidation resistance and detoxification, and a decreased abundance of proteins related to inflammation in the LM of the pigs fed NSPEs. These findings have important implications for understanding the mechanisms whereby dietary supplementation with NSPEs enzymes can promote growth performance and improve muscular metabolism in growing pigs.

The effect of protease, amylase, and nonstarch polysaccharide-degrading enzyme supplementation on nutrient utilization and growth performance of broiler chickens fed corn-soybean meal-based diets

A study was conducted to determine if amylase and protease addition would improve nutrient digestion during the first 2 wk of growth. The experimental treatments included a control corn-soybean meal-based diet and diets supplemented with either amylase or amylase plus protease. No effect of enzyme supplementation was observed on BW gain and feed conversion ratio. This was corroborated by similar ileal starch and protein digestibility values, which averaged 96.8, 96.8, and 96.9% and 83.9, 80.1, and 79.6%, respectively, for the control and for the amylase or amylase plus protease supplemented diets. Total tract digestibility of starch averaged 97.8, 97.7 and 97.7% for the 3 diets and was followed by a similar diet with AMEn values of 3,129, 3,129, and 3,106 kcal/kg. In another study, a 23 factorial arrangement of 8 dietary treatments was used to evaluate the effect of corn particle size (conventional or coarse vs. fine) and the addition of a nonstarch polysaccharide enzyme, amylase, or both on growth performance and nutrient utilization of broiler chickens from 1 to 21 d of age. Chickens fed a diet containing a conventionally ground corn (geometric mean diameter of 736 µm) showed higher (P < 0.001) BW gain (808 vs. 750 g/bird) and lower feed conversion ratio (1.27 vs. 1.32) than those consuming a fine corn-containing diet (geometric mean diameter of 482 µm). This was further substantiated by a lower AMEn content (2,852 vs. 2,972 kcal/kg). Addition of amylase had no effect on growth performance of chickens fed a conventional corn-containing diet, but improved BW gain, feed conversion ratio, and diet AMEn in those fed the finely ground corn, possibly due to increased starch digestion in the upper gut. Addition of nonstarch polysaccharide enzymes was effective for both diets, with the most pronounced effects observed in feed converstion ratio for the conventional corn-containing diet (1.27 vs. 1.23) and BW gain (750 vs. 789 g/bird) for the fine corn-containing diet. This was followed by the same magnitude of difference in diet AMEn content, which increased from 2,972 to 3,042 and 2,852 to 3,009 kcal/kg following enzyme addition.

Addition of nonstarch polysaccharides degrading enzymes to two hulless barley varieties fed in diets for weaned pigs1

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of 2 hulless barley varieties, with or without the addition of a nonstarch polysaccharide (NSP) enzyme complex (β-glucanase and xylanase), on growth performance of weaned piglets in a 42-d feeding study. The study was conducted with 140 piglets (PIC × Duroc). Pigs were allocated to pens (4 castrated males or 4 females per pen) based on BW and sex, and pens were assigned to 5 experimental diets with 4 pens of castrated males and 3 pens of females per treatment. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were compared: 1) control corn-based diet (CTR), 2) diet with corn and wheat bran replaced by the Astartis hulless barley variety (AS), 3) diet with corn and wheat bran replaced by the AS supplemented with the NSP enzyme complex (ASE), 4) diet with corn and wheat bran replaced by the Alamo hulless barley variety (AL), and 5) diet with corn and wheat bran replaced by the AL supplemented with the NSP enzyme complex (ALE). The diets were formulated to meet or exceed nutrient requirements and offered in 2 phases: d 0 to 14 and d 14 to 42. At the end of the study, pigs fed AS and AL had equal weights as pigs fed CTR. Pigs fed the hulless barley diets had greater (P < 0.05) ADG during the second phase (P2) and overall phase, BW at d 42, and G:F during the P2 than those fed the CTR. Pigs fed the ASE and ALE had greater (P < 0.05) ADFI during the P2 and overall ADG than those fed the AS and AL. The increases in ADG during the P2 and final BW obtained with NSP enzyme supplementation were greater in pigs fed the AS than those fed the AL (barley × enzyme, P < 0.05). On the other hand, the NSP enzyme complex increased G:F in pigs fed the AS during the P2 and overall phase, but it had no effect on those fed the AL (barley × enzyme, P < 0.05). In conclusion, hulless barley with or without the NSP enzyme complex can be a replacement ingredient for corn and wheat bran in weaned pig diets. Addition of the NSP enzyme complex to AS variety, but not AL variety, improved growth performance of weanling pigs.

Effects of dietary seaweed &lt;I&gt;Enteromorpha prolifera&lt;/I&gt; on growth performance, physiological and biochemical characteristics of rabbitfish &lt;I&gt;Siganus canaliculatus&lt;/I&gt;

We evaluated the feasibility of using seaweed Enteromorpha prolifera as a dietary ingredient for the rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus.We formulated five compound feeds with different levels of dried E.prolifera,but all with 32% total protein and 8% lipid.Three of the diets contained 5%,10%,or 15% dried seaweed.Two diets contained 10% or 15% dried seaweed supplemented with 0.2% non-starch polysaccharide enzymes(NSP enzymes).The control diet had no seaweed.Groups of rabbitfish juveniles were fed one of the diets for 8 weeks.We measured growth and physiological and biochemical indexes to determine the optimum dietary ratio of E.prolifera.The addition of 5% seaweed had no effect on growth relative to the control group(P 0.05),whereas growth declined significantly in fish fed diets with 10% or 15% seaweed(P 0.05).However,there was no difference in growth between fish fed diets with 10% or 15% seaweed group and 0.2% NSP enzyme and the control group(P0.05).Furthermore,there was no significant difference in survival or the whole fish moisture,protein,fat,and ash contents among the groups(P0.05).The activities of hydrogen peroxide enzyme and glutathione peroxidase increased,whereas malondialdehyde content decreased in the liver and muscle of fish fed diets containing seaweed.Our results suggest that the optimal proportion of E.prolifera in rabbitfish diet is 5%,or between10%-15% if supplemented with 0.2% NSP enzymes.The addition of seaweed in diets may also increase the antioxidant capacity.

Synergistic effect of non starch polysaccharide enzymes, synbiotics and phytase on performance, nutrient utilization and gut health in broilers fed with sub-optimal energy diets

Aim: In view of the ban on antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs), an attempt was made to explore the possibility of harnessing synergistic effect of non starch polysaccharide (NSP) enzymes, synbiotics and phytase on performance, nutrient retention, gut health and histology of broilers fed with corn-soybean meal based low calorie diets. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 a day-old broiler chicks were weighed, wing banded and randomly distributed into five experimental groups, six replicates per group and five birds per replicate and raised in electrically heated battery brooders. Evaluated the synergistic effect of the NSP enzymes, synbiotics and phytase alone or in combination, supplemented to cornsoybean meal based broiler diet, low in energy concentration (Basal diet (BD)) (-225 kcal lower metabolizable energy than standard diet (SD), on performance, nutrient retention, carcass traits, gut conditions and cost per kg live weight gain. Results: The body weight gain in broiler chicks fed with BD supplemented with NSP enzymes, synbiotics and phytase was significantly (P<0.01) higher. Supplementation of NSP enzymes, synbiotics and phytase alone or in combination had significant effect on feed intake. Synergistic effect of NSP enzyme, synbiotics and phytase was observed on overall feed conversion ratio (1.86), which improved (P<0.05) in comparison to BD (2.06) and SD (2.02), respectively. The supplementation of NSP enzymes, synbiotics and phytase to BD improved (P<0.05) utilization of organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), nitrogen free extract (NFE), gross energy (GE), phosphorus and the tibia ash compared to BD, whereas no effect on retention of DM and CF was observed. Intestinal viscosity and E. coli count significantly (P<0.01) reduced with addition of NSP enzymes, synbiotics plus phytase or combination of all. The supplementation of NSP enzymes, synbiotics plus phytase had no effect on intestinal histology. The cost of feeding was lower (P<0.01) in BD. Addition of these feed additives to BD did not increase the feeding cost and was comparable to unsupplemented ones and lower (P<0.01) than SD. Similarly, the feed cost per kg live weight gain during various phases of broiler production was reduced (P<0.01) due to supplementation of all the feed additives compared to SD and BD. Conclusions: It can be concluded from the above experiment that supplementing sub-optimal energy diets with NSP enzymes along with synbiotics and phytase improved body weight gain, FCR, nutrient retention, tibia ash and reduced the cost of production considerably.

Effect of fiber removal from ground corn, distillers dried grains with solubles, and soybean meal using the Elusieve process on broiler performance and processing yield

SUMMARY The Elusieve process, a combination of sieving and elutriation (air classification), has been found to be effective in separating fiber from ground corn, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), and soybean meal (SBM). The objective of this study was to determine the effect of removing fiber from ground corn, DDGS, and SBM on broiler live performance during the 42-d experimental period and assess the economic effect. A total of 6 dietary treatments were evaluated in which 3 treatments incorporated an additional nonstarch polysaccharide (NSP) enzyme corresponding to the following 3 treatments: regular diet, direct substituted enhanced diet, and an isocaloric, isonitrogenous enhanced diet. The study consisted of 48 pens with 45 male broiler chicks per pen. Elusieve processing increased starch content of corn by 7.8% and increased protein content of DDGS and SBM by 2.3 and 0.9%, respectively. Enhanced diets resulted in birds with 4.6 to 5.0% higher BW gain, higher breast weight by 7.1 to 11.3% and feed conversion improvement by 4 to 6 percentage points (2.4 to 3.2%) compared with regular diet. There was no effect of NSP enzyme on performance and feed consumption. Interaction effect (between NSP enzyme and dietary type) was observed only in 2 of a total of 12 performance indicators. The increase in profit due to implementation of the Elusieve process in a 1,000 t/d feed mill is estimated to be $0.5 to 2.5 million/yr, which is 0.8 to 4.3 cents/bird produced. The payback period is estimated to be 0.9 to 4.7 yr.

Performance of Broiler Chicken Fed Sub-Optimal Energy Diets Supplemented With Enzymes and Prebiotics Alone or in Combination

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of supplementing Non-starch Polysaccharide enzymes and prebiotics alone or in combination to sub-optimal energy corn soybeanbased broiler diets on performance. 150 day old broiler chicks were randomly distributed in to five experimental groups, six replicates per group and five birds per replicate. A standard diet (SD) and a basal diet (BD) (225 kcal/kg ME less) was formulated for prestarter, starter and finisher periods. Supplementing BD with Non-starch Polysaccharide enzymes with or without prebiotics had no effect on total body weight gain and feed intake. FCR improved with addition of NSP enzymes alone or in combination with prebiotics. The retention of OM, CP and GE was significantly (P<0.05) improved with addition of NSP enzymes along with prebiotics. NSP enzymes alone and or in combination with prebiotics to BD reduced (P<0.05) intestinal pH, viscosity, cost of feeding and cost of production per kg live weight gain compared to BD and SD.

Effects of non-starch polysaccharide enzymes (Roxazyme G2G and/or Ronozyme VP) on growth performance of nursery pigs fed normal or drought-stressed corn (2013)

A total of 360 barrows (PIC 1050 × 337, initially 12.9 lb BW) were used to determine the effects of non-starch polysaccharide enzymes (Roxazyme G2G and/or Ronozyme VP; DSM Nutritional Products, Inc., Parsippany, NJ) on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of nursery pigs fed normal or drought-stressed corn. Initially, corn samples were collected from 34 separate lots and analyzed to find representatives of normal and drought-stressed corn. These same lots were also used in a separate experiment measuring the impact of drought stress on diet manufacturing characteristics. The lot selected to represent the normal corn had a test weight of 55.9 lb/bu, <5 ppb aflatoxin, 15.0% moisture, and contained 0.77% β-glucan. The lot selected to represent drought-stressed corn had a test weight of 54.3 lb/bu, 6 ppb aflatoxin, 14.3% moisture, and 0.83% β-glucan. Pigs were allotted to pens at weaning (d 0) and were acclimated to a common diet for 10 d prior to the start of this experiment. On d 10 post-placement, pigs were weighed and pens of pigs randomly allotted to 1 of 8 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 4 factorial with main effects of corn (normal vs. drought-stressed) and enzyme inclusion (none vs. 100 ppm Roxazyme G2G vs. 250 ppm Ronozyme VP vs. 100 ppm Roxazyme G2G + 250 ppm Ronozyme VP). Pigs were fed experimental treatments from d 10 to 35 postweaning in two phases. Feed and fecal samples were collected on d 30 postweaning and analyzed to determine apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients.

Two-stage in vitro digestibility assay, a tool for formulating non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme combinations for commonly used feed ingredients of poultry rations

Aim: An attempt was made to assess the effect of pure enzyme combinations with the objective of formulating customized enzyme mixtures based on sugar release when subjected to two-stage in vitro digestion assay. Materials and Methods: A two-stage in vitro digestibility assay was carried out for commonly used feed ingredients for poultry viz., maize, soy bean meal, sunflower cake, and de-oiled rice bran supplemented with three concentrations of xylanase (5000; 7500 and 10000 IU/kg), cellulase (50; 100 and 400 IU/kg) and â-D-glucanase (100; 200 and 400 IU/kg) were used to formulate various NSP enzymes combinations. In total 27 NSP enzyme combinations (3x3x3) were formulated and the sugar released due to NSP digestion was quantified by phenol sulphuric acid method. Results: The total sugar release was significantly (P<0.05) higher with supplementation of various enzymes combinations for maize, sunflower cake and de-oiled rice bran where as no significant (P<0.05) interaction of various NSP enzymes combinations was observed for soy bean meal. The NSP digestibility was highest in combination (xylanase-5000, cellulase-50 and â-D-glucanase-400 IU/kg), (xylanase-10000, cellulase-50 and â-D-glucanase-200 IU/kg) and (xylanase-7500, cellulase- 100 and â-D-glucanase-100 IU/kg) for maize, sunflower cake and de-oiled rice bran respectively. In case of sunflower cake, significant (P<0.01) three way interaction was observed among the xylanase, cellulose, and â-D-glucanase enzymes and the two-way interactions between the enzymes were also significant (P<0.01). Conclusion: It is concluded that 'n' number of non-starch Polysaccharide enzymes combinations can be screened for their efficiency to digest non-starch Polysaccharides present in various feed ingredients commonly used in poultry rations by employing two-stage in vitro digestibility assay as a tool.

The effect of protease and nonstarch polysaccharide enzymes on manure odor and ammonia emissions from finisher pigs

A 2 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary protease (0 and 200 mg/kg) and xylanase (0 and 200mg/kg) in reducing manure odor and NH(3) from finisher pigs. Sixteen pigs were assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments, (i) basal diet, (ii) basal diet + xylanase, (iii) basal diet + protease, or (iv) basal diet + xylanase + protease, for 24 d. The manure samples from pigs offered diets containing protease showed increased (P < 0.05) molar proportions of isobutyric acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, and branched-chain fatty acids in contrast to pigs offered diets without protease supplementation. The pigs offered diets with xylanase inclusion had reduced (P < 0.05) manure odor emissions compared to pigs offered diets without xylanase supplementation [598 vs. 1306 European odor units (OuE)/m(3)]. Pigs offered protease-supplemented diets alone had significantly higher NH(3) emissions compared to basal fed pigs. However, NH(3) emissions were reduced when protease was combined with xylanase. In summary, this study indicates that protease supplementation increased protein-derived VFA in manure and also increased manure NH(3) emissions when offered singularly. Consumption of diets containing xylanase reduced manure odor emissions.

Evaluation of an enzyme complex containing nonstarch polysaccharide enzymes and phytase on the performance of broilers fed a sorghum and soybean meal diet

SUMMARY The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a multiple-enzyme complex (Rovabio Max) containing carbohydrases and phytase on the performance of 0- to 46-d-old broilers fed a sorghum- and soybean meal (SBM)-based diet. A total of 2,200 broilers were fed sorghum-SBM diets with or without the complex and were compared with a positive control (PC) diet [treatment (T) 1]. Two negative controls (NC) were used: (NC1) in treatments T2 and T3, the AMEn was reduced by 85 kcal/kg, CP was reduced by 1.5%, amino acids were reduced by 1.5%, available P was reduced by 0.153%, and Ca was reduced by 0.12% as compared with the PC diet; (NC2) for treatments T4 and T5, the AMEn was 120 kcal/kg lower, CP was 1.5% lower, amino acids were 1.5% lower, available P was 0.153% lower, and Ca was 0.12% lower than with the PC diet. Both reformulations were then fed with (T3 and T5) and without (T2 and T4) addition of the multiple-enzyme complex. The multiple-enzyme complex treatments (T3 and T5) resulted in broilers with significantly higher final BW when compared with the treatments not containing the complex (T1, T2, and T4). Moreover, the mortality-adjusted FCR (adjusted FCR) was significantly better in T1, T3, and T5 compared with T2 and T4. Birds fed the PC (T1) had significantly lower feed intake than those in all other treatments. There was no effect on mortality (%) among treatments. Tibia ash was statistically lower in T4 than for all other treatments. On the basis of these results, typical commercial sorghum-SBM broiler diets reformulated at −85 kcal/kg of AMEn, −1.5% CP, −1.5% amino acids, −0.153% of available P, and −0.12% of Ca had a negative effect on broiler performance and tibia ash content compared with the performance of broilers fed the PC diet. The use of the multiple-enzyme complex reestablished broiler performance equivalent to that of the PC.

The interactive effects of Easyzyme and phytase in diets containing high-fiber co-products on growth performance of nursery pigs (2012)

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of a dietary non-starch polysaccharide enzyme (Easyzyme, Archer Daniels Midland Co., Decatur, IL) or phytase (Phyzyme, Danisco Animal Nutrition, St. Louis, MO) addition in corn-soybean meal or high-fiber diets on nursery pig growth performance. In Exp. 1, 192 nursery pigs (PIC 327 × 1050, initially 21.8 lb) were allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial. Main effects were diet type (corn-soybean meal or corn-soybean meal plus 30% wheat middlings) with or without added dietary enzyme (Easyzyme Mixer 1, 1 lb/ton). Each experiment involved 6 pigs per pen and 8 replications per treatment. All diets contained 340.5 phytase units (FTU)/lb. From d 0 to 21, pigs fed corn-soybean meal diets had greater (P < 0.001) ADG than those fed diets containing 30% wheat midds. Added Easyzyme had no effect on ADG. ADFI and F/G exhibited a diet type × Easyzyme interaction (P < 0.03). In corn-soybean meal diets, Easyzyme had no effect on ADFI or F/G, whereas in diets containing 30% wheat midds, Easyzyme increased ADFI and worsened F/G.

Enzyme complex containing carbohydrases and phytase improves growth performance and bone mineralization of broilers fed reduced nutrient corn-soybean-based diets

One experiment was conducted to investigate the benefits of a multi-enzyme complex, containing carbohydrases (from Penicillium funiculosum) and phytase (bacterial 6-phytase) activities, on the performance and bone mineralization of broiler chickens fed corn-soybean meal diets. A total of 2,268 male broilers were allocated to 9 treatments, replicated 6 times, in a randomized complete block design from 1 to 43 d. A positive control (PC) diet formulated to be adequate in nutrients and 4 reduced nutrient diets (NC1 to NC4), with gradual decrease on AME, CP, and digestible amino acids (CP-dAA) and available P (avP) and Ca contents, with or without enzyme supplementation, were tested. The nutrient reductions applied were NC1 (−65 kcal/kg, −1.5% CP-dAA) and NC2 (−85 kcal/kg, −3.0% CP-dAA) both with −0.15 percent point avP and −0.12 percent point Ca and NC3 (−65 kcal/kg, −1.5% CP-dAA) and NC4 (−85 kcal/kg, −3.0% CP-dAA) both with −0.20 percent point avP and −0.16 percent point Ca. Supplementation of the NC diets with the enzyme complex increased ADFI (P < 0.001), ADG (P < 0.001), and reduced feed:gain (P < 0.01). The magnitude of the enzyme effect in increasing feed intake and weight gain was greater for the diets with greatest reductions in avP and Ca. Enzyme supplementation increased (P < 0.001) feed intake of birds fed on NC diets close to the level of feed consumption of the PC. Enzyme supplementation to NC diets resulted in all cases in lower (P < 0.05) feed:gain than the PC. Enzyme supplementation to NC1 and NC3 diets restored bone mineralization to that of the PC, whereas ash and Ca with NC2 and NC4 diets and P with NC4 diet remained lower (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the dietary supplementation with a multi-enzyme complex containing nonstarch polysaccharide enzymes and phytase is efficient in reducing the P, energy, protein, and amino acid specifications of corn-soybean meal diets.

EFFECTS OF PHYTASE AND NON-STARCH POLYSACCHARIDE ENZYME-SUPPLEMENTATION IN DIETS ON GROWTH AND DIGESTIVE ENZYME ACTIVITYFOR JAPANESE SEABASS,&lt;I&gt;LATEOLABRAX JAPONICUS&lt;/I&gt; C.

A feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary exogenous enzymes(Phytase,non-starch polysaccharide enzymes: WX and VP) on growth,body composition and digestive enzymes activitives of Japanese seabass,Lateolabrax japonicus C.(initial weight(6.26±0.10) g).A basal diet was used as the control(Diet 1),which contained 36.1% fish meal and 18.0% compound protein source(soybean meal∶meat and bone meal∶peanut meal∶rapeseed meal=4∶3∶2∶1,and crystalline lysine,methionine and isoleucine were supplemented to simulate the essential amino acid profile of fish meal).Two other diets were supplemented with 200mg phytase and the combination of 800mg WX and 400 mg VP per kilogram diet,respectively.Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish in seawater floating cages(1.5m×1.5m×2.0m),and each cage was stocked with 60 fish.Fish were fed twice daily(06:00 and 18:00) to apparent satiation for 8 weeks.The water temperature fluctuated from 27.5℃ to 29.5℃,the salinity from 25‰ to 28‰ and dissolved oxygen content was above 7mg / L during the experimental period.Results showed that exogenous enzymes supplementation did not significantly influence the survival of Japanese seabass(92%—95%),but significantly improved the growth(weight gain(WG) increasing from 859.3% to 947.2% and 905.2%,specific growth rate(SGR) from 4.0 to 4.2 and 4.1%/d)(p0.01).Dietary non-starch polysaccharide enzymes did not significantly affect the carcass moisture,crude protein,crude lipid,ash and gross energy of Japanese seabass.Dietary phytase also had no influence on the carcass moisture,crude lipid and gross energy of Japanese seabass,but significant influence on the carcass crude protein and ash(p0.05).The digestive enzymes activitives in stomach and intestine of fish supplemented with exogenous enzymes showed increasing trend when supplied with exogenous enzymes compared with the control group(Diet 1).The amylase activity of stomach and intestine significantly increasing from 0.05 to 0.16 U/mg and 0.12 to 0.21 U/mg respectively by the supplementation of non-starch polysaccharide enzyme(p0.01),but no significant differences in protease and lipase were observed.Similarly,dietary supplementation of phytase significantly increased the protease activity of stomach and intestine from 0.74 to 1.02 U/mg and 1.09 to 1.71 U/mg respectively(p0.01),but no significant differences in lipase and amylase were observed.