Non-routine Activities Research Articles

A Case Study on How Children Develop Computational Thinking Collaboratively with Robotics Toys

This article reports on a case study on how robotics toys provide the affordances for developing computational thinking (henceforth abbreviated to CT) in young learners. The three key constructs of CT -abstraction, algorithms and automation - are used in the research. The study results identify how children interact with robotics toys collaboratively and acquire CT skills. Problems were presented to the children through planned non-routine and immersive collaborative group activities. The Situations in which they externalised their inquiries and internalised new knowledge were observed. A detailed examination of the data collected was made to determine which robotics toys mediated the children’s acquisition while seamlessly switching between individual and collaborative activities and has led to the development of a framework of the stages in CT learning designs. This paper synthesises the relevant classroom activity designs in addressing CT as a general term that involves solving problems, entails a whole set of mental tools that enable people to reduce complex problems into readily solvable subtasks and composes algorithms that are executable by machines. Moreover, the article will also include details and analyses of the selection of commercially available technologies for developing CT in the young learners in the study.

Parents’ knowledge and views of food allergy management in primary schools in Australia

This study surveyed 115 Australian parents’ knowledge, views, and feelings of food allergy management and guidelines in primary schools. Although most parents were knowledgeable about food allergy management and related guidelines, half of them had limited understanding on how schools identify and respond to anaphylaxis, or teachers’ recent training in anaphylaxis. Overall, parents’ satisfaction surrounding the schools’ food allergy management was mixed. Yet they highly appreciated the schools’ efforts and practices in preventing the risks of food allergy, for example by identifying affected children and/or raising awareness about food allergies among the school community. Despite these efforts, parents were concerned about their child’s overall safety at school, especially in playground and non-routine activities such as school camps and lapses in communication and implementation of state guidelines. To address these concerns, parents suggested many improvements in the schools’ practices and guidelines, including proactive communication with parents on matters of food allergy. The implications of these findings for educators, along with recommendations for further research are presented.

Routines of “sitting” and “enjoying ourselves” in the common room of a dementia unit

Purpose: Routinized activities create security for persons with dementia (PWDs) and help care staff manage everyday tasks, but care staff also assist PWDs with constructing routines during their leisure time. This paper investigates how a PWD negotiates how to use the common room in a dementia ward as a social space with co-present staff members, other residents, and a visiting researcher.Methods: Based on ethnographic observations and video recordings and using conversation analytical methodology, the paper presents sequential analyses of video recorded data collected at a dementia unit in a Danish care facility.Results: Detailed analyses of selected instances indicate that the PWD treats care staff as being in charge of the social organization of common room, and they show how the PWD is routinely guided to sit calmly, minding his own business. The analyses also show that the PWD relies on ritualized action and routine activities when managing co-presence and interaction with the visiting researcher. Moreover, they show that a previous non-routine joint activity is used by the PWD to take initiative and thereby re-establish it later.Conclusions: We argue that routine and ritual both provide constraints but also resources for PWDs to actively co-co-create new shared activities with co-present others, and we suggest that PWDs’ possibilities for taking initiatives for activities during leisure time among other things rely on the routines that have already been established in interaction with care staff and others or on non-routine activities which PWDs may turn into routines as they re-establish them.

Using tweets to understand changes in the spatial crime distribution for hockey events in Vancouver.

The use of social media data for the spatial analysis of crime patterns during social events has proven to be instructive. This study analyzes the geography of crime considering hockey game days, criminal behaviour, and Twitter activity. Specifically, we consider the relationship between geolocated crime‐related Twitter activity and crime. We analyze six property crime types that are aggregated to the dissemination area base unit in Vancouver, for two hockey seasons through a game and non‐game temporal resolution. Using the same method, geolocated Twitter messages and environmental variables are aggregated to dissemination areas. We employ spatial clustering, dictionary‐based mining for tweets, spatial autocorrelation, and global and local regression models (spatial lag and geographically weighted regression). Findings show an important influence of Twitter data for theft‐from‐vehicle and mischief, mostly on hockey game days. Relationships from the geographically weighted regression models indicate that tweets are a valuable independent variable that can be used in explaining and understanding crime patterns.

Upaya Perpustakaan Perguruan Tinggi Dalam Menciptakan Ruang Publik : Kajian “Wifi Zone Corner” Di Perpustakaan ITS

This study intends to identify and analyze the efforts of the university library to create a public sphere. The study location is Wifi Zone Corner at ITS (Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember) Library. This study used qualitative approach with descriptive method. The study results shows that the ITS Library has made efforts to create Wifi Zone Corner as a public sphere: (1) change the Wifi Zone Corner design into a public sphere become accessible, comfortable and without any binding rules; (2) held routine and non-routine activities with the concept of a public forum; and (3) make cooperation with some other institutions.

The informatics technology and innovation in the service production

This paper aims to analyze how informatics technology affects the innovation of the service production process. As its main characteristic, the production of services is very intensive in human capital to produce outputs, and since the development of informatics technology affects certain tasks used to produce output, it will bring innovation to the procedures in the production of services. Thus, evaluating the use of informatics (e.g., computers) in the service sector represents innovation in services and, more precisely, in their production process. Based on a Brazilian database with detailed information on sectors, occupations and the use of computer technology and using panel regressions with fixed effects, we show that the use of computers changed the execution of certain tasks, increasing the demand for a specific type of non-routine tasks. The use of informatics technology in the service sector displayed a shift toward non-routine analytical activities. Regarding the impact of informatics technology on the service sector relative to non-service sectors, while informatics technology has been used intensely to automate manufacturing, displacing workers from routine tasks, the same cannot be said for the service sector. The analysis of the use of informatics technology in different segments of the service sector shows that informatics technology has a heterogeneous effect on the production process that varies according to how sectors use technology to complement or substitute labor tasks.

Operational Maintenance Philosophy for Tritium Processing Systems

The high contamination potential of the release of radioactive tritium facilitates the demand for and development of a stringent and comprehensive approach to operational maintenance of tritium systems. Prompt and efficient maintenance is necessary to ensure the accepted operational safety basis is adhered to and a continued safe state of operation is achieved. This will help to mitigate and avoid potential hazards that result from a tritium release to the public and facility personnel. Because of the hazards associated with a release of tritium contamination the process systems are in large kept within a series of inerted glovebox environments that must be maintained to keep structural integrity. The nature of a tritium release from a glovebox could have significant consequences for the general public as well as for personnel. As such, the maintenance philosophy is developed to help facilitate operations in the adherence to the facility’s safety code of conduct.To effectively facilitate the safe operation goals mentioned a well-defined maintenance philosophy has been developed that encompasses routine and non-routine maintenance activities. Examples of routine activities include preventative maintenance such as line-break inspections, helium leak tests to ensure components are leak tight, weld inspections and overall surveillance testing of essential components and infrastructure. Predictive maintenance also falls into this category. Predictive maintenance activities are developed over time in response to non-routine maintenance work. Non-routine maintenance or corrective maintenance activities are performed in response to a specific failure or to resolve a particular inadequacy in performance of tritium systems. When corrective maintenance is performed trends are often studied and more predictive maintenance can be scheduled to compensate for more routine failures.This technical note will identify key operational maintenance considerations which when applied, will ensure that tritium handling systems are operated safely.

ANALISA PERENCANAAN ARUS KAS TERHADAP PENGENDALIAN INTERN PADA KOPERASI KOPDIT RUKUN PALEMBANG

The purpose of this study was to determine how the process of preparing a cash budget, analysis of the factors causing the variance between budget and actual cash budget and budget planning and control of cash in the Cooperation Kopdit Rukun Palembang with the observation period the cash budget in 2013 and 2014.In this study, researchers used a qualitative analysis method and analysis kuantiatatif. Where analyzes were performed using the data in the amount set forth to explain an explanation of the figures later described back in the form of prose description language or standard language.The results showed that: (1) In the process of preparing a cash budget on Cooperation Kopdit Rukun of Palembang using a bottom-up approach to budgeting that is where the budget is prepared and put up by the parties to implement the budget. (2) The cause of the difference (variance) between budget and actual cash budget is a cooperative internal and external factors. (3) the cash budget planning by estimating finance and analysis of the activities, both routine and non-routine activities. (4) Control of the cash budget on Cooperation Kopdit Rukun of Palembang form of control on a cash budget a good budget deviation was farvorable or unfarvorable and to anticipate as well as revisions to the deviations that occur. Keywords: Cash Budget, Planning, Controlling

Shares of Housework Between Mothers, Fathers and Young People: Routine and Non-routine Housework, Doing Housework for Oneself and Others

We use data from the most recent Australian Bureau of Statistics time use survey to investigate shares of domestic work along two dimensions; routine and non-routine activities, and housework done for the whole household versus housework done for oneself only. We argue that the latter is an underutilised marker of responsibility for household management and serving others. Exploiting data from matched household members, we examine relative shares of fathers and mothers, and also of co-resident young people aged 15–34 (416 households), to include inputs from the younger generation as well as the parental couple. Mothers do the greatest share of routine housework and housework for others; parents are relatively equal in the shares of non-routine housework and housework done for themselves only. Young people take on a minimal share of total household work, particularly tasks done for others in the family. Parents’ employment configuration is associated with adjustments in shares between them, with no effect on children’s shares.

Non-routine activities and the within-city geography of jobs

Externalities are believed to drive the productivity benefits of cities, and also of dense sub-parts within cities, e.g. the central business district (CBD). Recent research claims that density externalities accrue mostly to non-routine activities, and that their effects, e.g. human capital spillovers, attenuate sharply with distance. Consistent with these claims, I demonstrate strong clustering tendencies in non-routine professions as evidenced by job-switching patterns, specifically switchers’ distances moved between employers. Individual-level geo-coded data for switchers within Sweden’s metropolitan areas are used to illustrate that employees hired to non-routine occupations tend to switch to jobs close to the previous work establishment, while blue collar workers show dispersion. The differences are chiefly explained by (1) non-routine activities concentrate in the CBD (the strongest effect) and local employment centres, (2) non-routine activities cluster also outside of centres, and (3) industry-specific effects. The patterns are consistent with the importance of sharply attenuating non-market interactions (e.g. knowledge spillovers) in the production of non-routine products and services.

How Can We Improve HAZOP, Our Old Work Horse, and Do More with Its Results? An Overview of Recent Developments

All risk management starts in determining what can happen. Reliable predictive analysis is key. So, we perform process hazard analysis which should result in scenario identification and definition. Apart from material/substance properties, thereby, process conditions and possible deviations and mishaps form inputs. Over the years HAZOP has been the most important tool to identify potential process risks by systematically considering deviations in observables, by determining possible causes and consequences, and, if necessary, suggesting improvements. Drawbacks of HAZOP are known; it is effort intensive while the results lack completeness and are used only once. Repeat of the exercise is required at several stages of process build- up, and when the process is operational, it must be re-conducted periodically.There have been many past attempts to semi-automate the HAZOP procedure to ease the effort of conducting it, but lately new promising developments have been realized enabling also the use of the results for facilitating operational fault diagnosis. There are several factors enabling and supporting these improvements. In the first place there are now decades of experience with HAZOP. Secondly, system science and artificial intelligence provide methods that even with present-day laptop computing power provide equipment ontological and classifying structuring (computer aided process engineering, CAPE) and enable identification of causal relations by learning causal structures from data. This paper will review the directions in which improved automation of HAZOP is going and how the results, besides for risk analysis and design of preventive and protective measures, also can be used during operations for early warning of upcoming abnormal process situations. The latter will enhance operator's situation awareness and will guide operators more efficiently to causes. Thereby, use is made of advanced methods of process simulation and data treatment. Freeing manpower for HAZOP-ing of operations may allow HAZOPs of non-routine activities such as start-ups, shutdowns, and turnarounds in which a relatively large fraction of accidents happen because of greater uncertainty due to wider ranges of potential upset consequences and reduced control as a result of non-routine activities.

Oversight on the borderline: Quality improvement and pragmatic research

Pragmatic research that compares interventions to improve the organization and delivery of health care may overlap, in both goals and methods, with quality improvement activities. When activities have attributes of both research and quality improvement, confusion often arises about what ethical oversight is, or should be, required. For routine quality improvement, in which the delivery of health care is modified in minor ways that create only minimal risks, oversight by local clinical or administrative leaders utilizing institutional policies may be sufficient. However, additional consideration should be given to activities that go beyond routine, local quality improvement to first determine whether such non-routine activities constitute research or quality improvement and, in either case, to ensure that independent oversight will occur. This should promote rigor, transparency, and protection of patients' and clinicians' rights, well-being, and privacy in all such activities. Specifically, we recommend that (1) health care organizations should have systematic policies and processes for designating activities as routine quality improvement, non-routine quality improvement, or quality improvement research and determining what oversight each will receive. (2) Health care organizations should have formal and explicit oversight processes for non-routine quality improvement activities that may include input from institutional quality improvement experts, health services researchers, administrators, clinicians, patient representatives, and those experienced in the ethics review of health care activities. (3) Quality improvement research requires review by an institutional review board; for such review to be effective, institutional review boards should develop particular expertise in assessing quality improvement research. (4) Stakeholders should be included in the review of non-routine quality improvement and quality improvement-related research proposals. Only by doing so will we optimally leverage both pragmatic research on health care delivery and local implementation through quality improvement as complementary activities for improving health.

Process Safety Management (PSM) for managing contractors in process plant

Accidents involving contractors continue to occur with regular frequency. By using the standard set within the PSM 29 CFR 1910.119(h) regulations, it has been identified that certain aspects of the way contractors do work are not up to the stipulated regulatory requirements especially regarding matters like not providing mandatory personal protective equipment (PPE) to the workers, not discussing hazards related to handling procedures with the workforce and improper control of non-routine activities during changes in shifts. The PSM 29 CFR 1910.119(h) regulations promulgated in 1992 provides standards that covered processes to obtain and evaluate data regarding contractors' health and safety programs as well as the contractors' performance evaluation. Many of the accidents involving contractors are direct result of poor training of contractors and/or poor control of the contracted work. Even though most organizations have their own contractor management systems, there are issues in meeting the requirements of PSM. The PSM standard only state “what to do” not “how to do it”. This is known as self-regulatory policy which depends on the industries understanding to interpret the standard that also contribute to this problem. This paper presents a structured and easy technique to plan and implement a practical and comprehensive contractors' management system in process industries that will comply with OSHA CFR 1910.119. A model has been developed based on this technique and its application has been tested in a pilot plant for compliance to PSM regulation. The model is beneficial to the process industries as any deficiencies in the PSM contractors' management program will be highlighted by the model which will then easily correct the identified deficiency so as to minimize and prevent catastrophic accidents.

Relative contribution of rural women to animal husbandry activities in Haryana

India is predominantly an agrarian society where animal husbandry forms the backbone of national economy. Many of the important tasks in animal husbandry are performed by women besides their responsibilities as home makers and caring of animals is considered as an extension of domestic activities. This study emphasized the relative contribution of rural women in various animal husbandry activities. The study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state. 30 women farmers were chosen from each selected villages thus constituting a sample size of 120 by simple lottery method. Gender inequality in terms of contribution to animal keeping activities was assessed. The role performance was assessed by documenting the contribution of both men and women family members in the routine activities (feeding, management, dung disposal and milking) and non-routine activities (healthcare, breeding and animal marketing) associated with animals. The average time spent in the animal husbandry activities by a household was 6.76 hours. Out of this women farmer’s contribution was 5.17 hours. The contribution of the male members of the family was lesser, and was restricted for most part to the feeding and management activities. They contributed a little in the dung and milk management. Women reportedly contributed significantly (64 % of the feeding, 76 % of the management, 100% in dung disposal and 89% in the milking of animals). And in case of non-routine activities there were distinct roles adopted by men and women. The roles appear strictly gender demarcated with women being assigned the activities that have to do with routine care of animals at home. It appears that patriarchal system is prevalent and is facilitating male dominance.

The composition of parents’ and grandparents’ child-care time: gender and generational patterns in activity, multi-tasking and co-presence

ABSTRACTHow do grandparents spend their child-care time? We examine how the composition of grandparent child care differs from parent child care, and whether child-care composition is more gender-similar for grandparents than for parents. Using the most recent (2006) Australian Bureau of Statistics Time Use Survey, we investigate along three dimensions: (a) the activities child care consists of (routineversusnon-routine), (b) whether it is multi-tasked (and whether it is paired with productive activities or with leisure), and (c) whether it is done solo or with a partner present. We find fathers and grandmothers' active child care is similarly apportioned between routine and non-routine activities, while mothers spend much more, and grandfathers spend much less, of their child-care time in routine care activities. Fathers and grandfathers spend similar proportions of their child-care time multi-tasking with leisure (about 50%) and performing care without their spouse present (about 20%), differing significantly from women on both these measures. Gender differences in the proportion of child care multi-tasked with productive activities (paid work, domestic work or other child care) are the same in both generations, but gender differences in the proportion of child care that is spent in routine activities, and that is done without a partner present, are significantly less for grandparents than for parents. The narrower gender gaps result from grandmothers spending less of their child-care time on these measures than mothers, not from grandfathers spending more of their child-care time on these measures than fathers.

Perancangan Tata Cahaya pada Interior Rumah Tinggal

Homestay is a place where each individual coming back after doing her/his routine and non-routine daily activities. A good residential interior design would enhance the quality of life of its inhabitants. The majority of Indonesian population, Jakarta in particular, has been aware of the importance of designing their home interior properly. However, home interior lighting, which is key to successful design of an interior space, is often under-emphasized. Research tried to collect lighting techniques often used in residential interiors. The result is a brief explanation and easy to apply regarding the types of information that can be used to illuminate any activity on the interior of the residence. Qualitative method by literature study is used in the making of this research.

An evaluation of forecasting methods for aircraft non-routine maintenance material demand

Aircraft maintenance can be divided into routine and non-routine activities. Material demand associated with non-routine maintenance is typically intermittent or lumpy: it has a large variance in frequency and quantity. Consequently, this type of demand is hard to predict. This paper introduces a method to collect time series datasets for aircraft non-routine maintenance material demand. Non-routine material consumption is linked to scheduled maintenance tasks to gain insight in demand patterns. A structural part selection of the Boeing 737NG fleet of an aviation partner has been sampled to generate various test cases. Subsequently, various forecasting methods are applied to these test cases and evaluated using various accuracy metrics. For the small time series datasets associated with non-routine maintenance, exponentially weighted moving average (EMA) outperformed smoothing methods such as Croston's method (CR) and the Syntetos-Boylan approximation (SBA). To validate the practical applicability of EMA for non-routine maintenance material demand, the method has been applied and verified in the prediction of actual demand for a separate maintenance C-check.

Policing identity crimes

Identity-related crimes pose a significant problem to both the UK economy and also its citizens because they cause estimated annual losses of around £1.5billion. Not only do identity crimes cause considerable public concern, but they also create challenges for policing them; not least, because policing responses, in the broader regulatory sense, are often over-reactive or take the form of dramatic Public Relations gestures rather than coherent policing policy. Yet, the realities of identity-related crimes are quite different from the ways that they are perceived and even more important is that fact that this difference presents many challenges for those whose job is to ‘police’ them. This article will look at what identity crimes are and at the very real problems they pose for policing them as non-routine policing activities. The article will, firstly, map out identity crimes and outline the behaviours that we understand as identity crimes and their core characteristics. It will then consider how the characteristics map onto traditional police practice and consider some of the ways that the challenges have been addressed.

Using design to drive organizational performance and innovation in the corporate workplace: implications for interprofessional environments

Learning and working are increasingly inseparable social processes characterized by a mix of routine and non-routine activities, which are meant to sustain an optimal balance of creative risk taking, idea exploration and development of professional mastery. Learning and working are embedded in broader social institutions such as universities, academic medical centers, professional organizations and business firms. The future of learning and working is witnessing a blurring of these institutional boundaries, and consequently, a spanning of disciplines and professions that have traditionally assimilated and oriented people around knowledge domains. Learning and working practices are increasingly less defined by bureaucratic controls and are, instead, more collaborative, fluid and interdisciplinary. One of the most tangible manifestations of this shift is in the spaces and places where learning and working activities happen and where people interact and organize. This article explores these learning and working paradigm shifts by discussing recent developments in the corporate workplace and exploring how such changes inform the future of interprofessional education.

Beyond Cost: The Role of Intellectual Capital in Offshoring and Innovation in Young Firms

Using the intellectual capital perspective as a theoretical framework, we develop a conceptual model of offshoring of knowledge–intensive, complex work by young, entrepreneurial firms. We posit that the unique qualities of human, social, and organizational capital of such firms drive them to offshore complex, nonroutine activities to foreign vendors. In addition, we argue that offshoring of such activities can lead to innovation under certain intellectual capital configurations.