Non-renewable Electricity Generation Research Articles

Impact of renewable and non-renewable electricity generation on economic growth in India: an application of linear and nonlinear models

Impact of renewable and non-renewable electricity generation on economic growth in India: an application of linear and nonlinear models

CO2 Emissions from Renewable and Non-Renewable Electricity Generation Sources in the G7 Countries: Static and Dynamic Panel Assessment

The threat of global warming has increased due to industrialization, urbanization, population expansion, and changes in lifestyle among the Group of Seven(G7) Carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) directly affect how much electricity can be generated from various sources. This research aims to identify environmental hazards associated with various energy sources. Analyzing the impact of various energy sources on CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production using data from the G7. The data is analyzed using quantile regression (QR), generalized method of moments (GMM), random effects (RE), and fixed effects (FE). Our results indicate a substantial positive impact on CO2 emissions regardless of the technology used to generate coal and gas power. Coal-fired power plants have a larger impact on the environment than other sources of emissions. Also, all coal and gas coefficients are significant in FE, RE, GMM, and QR. Oil coefficients have a negative impact on environmental degradation and are significant for FE, RE, and D-GMM regressions. Hydroelectric and renewable energy production can reduce CO2 emissions in all regression models. Nuclear energy has a beneficial impact on the environment, but the coefficients are only significant for S-GMM and the last quantile. However, the most significant result of this study is the identification of a cause-and-effect relationship between CO2 emissions and energy production. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions can be lowered by shifting away from fossil fuels and toward renewable and hydroelectric sources. The research also suggests several renewable and alternative electricity production policies for sustainable energy.

Air/Water Heat Pumps in Existing Heating and Hot Water Systems for Better Urban Air Quality and Primary Energy Savings: Scenarios of Two Italian Cities

In a previous work, a significant contribution to urban air pollution, related to fuel-fired heating systems, was recorded. Thus, the replacement of existing boilers for space heating and domestic hot water (DHW) production systems with high-temperature air/water heat pumps (which can operate with radiators, the most common terminals in the existing building stock), is proposed for the improvement of the urban air quality. Scenarios of substitution within the entire residential building stock of two Italian cities, Milan and Salerno, belonging to different climate zones and with their own thermophysical characteristics, were analyzed. For each of them, the consequences of the replacement intervention on emission reduction, primary energy savings and lower CO2 production were evaluated. The results show that reduction of primary energy consumption, evaluated at design outdoor temperature and for the present generation mix, varied between 34% and 54% in Milan and between 43% and 60% in Salerno, for two values of renewable fraction in electricity generation. The reduction of CO2 production was in the range 30–52% in Milan and 39–58% in Salerno, respectively. The only unfavorable case occurred for Milan for a completely non-renewable electricity generation scenario. The replacement intervention, which implies a significant decrease of emissions of pollutants in urban areas, is unobtrusive to citizens, since the heat pumps (HPs) are coupled with current radiators, without the internal distribution system being modified.

Assessment of the potential of floating solar photovoltaic panels in bodies of water in mainland Spain

This article presents the potential of floating photovoltaic solar energy in Spain, a country with a high solar energy resource and a large water surface area for its deployment, for the first time. Geodata for natural, artificial, and highly modified bodies of freshwater, along with environmental geospatial datasets, were used to calculate electricity generation, taking into account the positive water-cooling effect. The results revealed that Spain could meet about 31% of its electricity demand by covering only 10% of the available water surface area. Deployment of the country's full floating photovoltaic potential could reduce non-renewable electricity generation by 81% and greenhouse gas emissions by 6%, thereby helping to meet the European Union 2030 target. Spanish regions could benefit from this renewable energy, not only by reducing their dependence on non-renewable resources, but also by balancing their electricity generation and demand. The potential of this renewable energy technology is higher in southern regions and particularly in Extremadura, where the electricity generation potential is three times the electricity demand. A detailed analysis of the floating photovoltaic potential in three dam reservoirs, the Borbollón, La Pedrera and Guadalcacín, is also presented for four coverage scenarios. The results highlight the importance of including water depth restrictions on floating photovoltaic module operation and variations in reservoir water level in future assessments, rather than simply applying a fixed percentage of coverage.

Achieving green environment targets in the world’s top 10 emitter countries: the role of green innovations and renewable electricity production

The rapid pace of industrialisation and economic development in recent decades is not without its environmental consequences. Electricity production, though an important determinant of economic development, remained under studied in the existing literature and only a few models on the electricity production-environmental degradation nexus are available. As a first attempt, this study examines the impact of renewable and non-renewable electricity generation and eco-innovations on CO2 emissions in the world’s top emitting countries under the umbrella of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (E.K.C.) Hypothesis. Second-generation panel data techniques, i.e., C.I.P.S. and Bai and Carrion-I-Silvestre (2009) unit root tests, Westerlund and Edgerton (2008) and Banerjee and Carrion-i-Silvestre (2017) cointegration techniques and Cross-Sectionally Augmented Distributed Lag Model for short and long run coefficient estimations have been employed in the study. It is found that renewable electricity production and eco-innovations have negative effects, whereas non-renewable electricity production has positive effect on CO2 emission. Moreover, the estimation demonstrated the E.K.C. validation in these countries. It is recommended that fossil fuel dependency in the electricity sector should be reduced by devising policies directed towards green electricity measures. More investment in green innovations to achieve green environment and sustainable growth is also recommended by the study.

Analyzing variability and decomposing electricity-generation emission factors for three U.S. states

Electricity generation emission factors (EGEF) quantify the relationship between amount of pollutant emitted and amount of electricity generated. Quantifying variability among calculated EGEFs is important when EGEFs are used for decision-making. Variabilities in EGEF on an annual basis due to variability in the amount of coal, natural gas, and petroleum emissions within the fuel mix are quantified for California, Texas, and New York in 2017. The results show a higher coefficient of variation for SO2 and NOx compared to CO2 EGEF. Changes in the EGEF over time are studied using decomposition analysis for California, Texas, and New York from 1990 to 2017. The results show that the main factor in reducing EGEF in California is the improving generation efficiency of power plants; in Texas, it is the increasing ratio of renewable to non-renewable electricity generation; and in New York, it is the changing mix of fossil fuels that are consumed for electricity generation. The effect of variability in EGEF on environmental impact categories is analyzed. Eutrophication of air, eutrophication of water, and smog formation are subject to high uncertainty because SO2 and NOx EGEFs are used to quantify these impacts, whereas global warming potential has less uncertainty because it only uses CO2 EGEF.

The prominence of renewable and non-renewable electricity generation on the environmental Kuznets curve: A case study of Ethiopia

Ethiopia is one of the fastest growing economies in Africa. During the last three decades, it has been thriving with stupendous efforts for a transition from non-renewable energy use to a renewable energy-dominant economy. It is against this background that this study attempts to highlight the role of renewable energy and non-renewable energy in affecting CO2 emissions under an augmented EKC framework. To achieve this goal, the study exploits data for the period 1981–2015. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model is employed and the results surprisingly revealed that both renewable and non-renewable energy use reduce Ethiopia’s CO2 emissions. The unexpected inhibiting effect of non-renewable energy on CO2 emissions might be attributed to the fact that share of non-renewable energy in the overall energy mix of Ethiopia has become insignificant after experiencing decline consistently during the last three decades. The outcome supports the existence of the EKC hypothesis as well as a N-shaped pattern of association between real GDP per capita and CO2 emissions per capita, particularly in the long run. There is evidence for long run causality, especially from the explanatory variables to CO2 emissions per capita. Policy implications are discussed.

Renewable energy (electricity) development in Ghana: Observations, concerns, substitution possibilities, and implications for the economy.

Can Ghana build its economy on renewable energy? Is it possible to substitute nonrenewable for renewable energy? What is the impact of renewable energy on the economy of Ghana? These questions are relevant and worth considering as far as the renewable energy development agenda in Ghana is concern. Using the translog production function approach, this study primarily investigates whether Ghana can move away from nonrenewable electricity generation to renewable power generation. In particular, we provide estimates for the relationship between the two energy types and output. The estimates are then used to calculate the output and substitution elasticities between renewable and nonrenewable energy. Our findings show that while the impact of nonrenewable energy on Ghana's economy is negative, that of renewable energy is insignificant, with output elasticities for both energy types averaging −0.139 and 1.875 respectively. Even though substitution elasticity suggests the possibility of moving towards a renewable power generation system, this study also highlights the limitations associated with such transition, citing inherent problems such as scale, cost, and location. Based on the analysis done in the context of the findings, this study recommends a policy that supports an optimal energy matrix with both renewable and nonrenewable sources.

THE ROLE OF RENEWABLE, NON-RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION AND CARBON EMISSION IN DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA: EVIDENCE FROM DISTRIBUTED LAG TESTS

The current examination aims to explore the critical relationship of energy, in the form of electricity with economic growth of Indonesia. Contrary to traditional approach of assessing the impact of energy consumption, the present study analyzes the association from production point of view by assessing the impact of electricity production on economic development. In doing so, the current study has adopted the refined methodology of Auto-Regressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) bound testing approach to examine the dynamic relationship among renewable electricity generation, non-renewable electricity generation and economic growth with amplified understanding of the critical association to support the course of economic planning and policy making. The results of ARDL bound testing approach confirm that renewable electricity generation, non-renewable electricity generation and carbon dioxide emission are solid determinants of economic development in Indonesia. Moreover, the results avow that renewable electricity and non-renewable electricity generation have a useful and beneficial outcome on economic development in Indonesia

The Impact of Disaggregated Electricity Generation on Economic Growth: MENA Countries (2005-2014)

This paper examines the impact of electricity generation on economic growth using data for a panel of 12 countries elected from MENA region over the period 2005-2014. The paper contributes to the literature in several ways. First, in contrast to the present literature which focuses on electricity consumption, this paper focuses on the impact of electricity generation on economic growth. This is because not all of the electricity that is generated is eventually consumed, due to dissemination losses, stolen power and the other so called “non-technical losses” which makes it necessary to examine the impact of electricity generation on economic growth. Second, we disaggregate the influence of total electricity generation on growth into renewable and non-renewable effects. The fact that the renewable electricity is gaining a great importance and the global care for its implementation makes it necessary to study its effect in the MENA region given the great potential of these sources in the region. Never the less, the effect of such sources of electricity on the economic growth is being investigated while at the same time using control variables like trade openness, financial development and CO2 emissions. Third, the study is different from previous studies in focusing on granger causality and/or cointegration by estimating the effect of electricity generation on growth using the System Generalized Method of Moments(GMM). GMM is being used given that electricity generation and many of the other regressors in the model may be jointly determined with GDP growth and thus be treated as endogenous variables a matter that can be handled by the GMM. Our results indicate a strong negative and statistically significant relationship between renewable and non-renewable electricity generation indicating the possibility of substitution between the two sources in these selected countries, yet with different impact on the economic growth.

Determining the dynamic linkages between renewable electricity generation and its determinants toward sustainable energy in Malaysia

This study aims to analyse the dynamic relationship between renewable electricity generation and its determinants in Malaysia from 1980 to 2016. F-Bound test and VECM are applied. A dynamic long-run relationship exists among the variables use. Long-run elasticity of labour and non-renewable electricity generation on renewable electricity generation is positive elastic and negative elastic, respectively. The short-run elasticity of capital, GDP and financial development on renewable electricity generation is negative elastic, positive elastic and negative inelastic respectively. Also, long-run bidirectional causality between FD and renewable electricity generation, unidirectional causality running from capital, labour, non-renewable electricity generation, and GDP to renewable electricity generation is discovered. However, short-run unidirectional causality from capital and labour to renewable electricity generation and renewable electricity generation to FD is found. Accordingly, these findings highlight important messages to policymakers in the process of sustainable energy through the determinants influence the renewable electricity generation in Malaysia.

The effect of renewable and nonrenewable electricity generation on economic growth

This note examines the impact of electricity generation on economic growth using data for a panel of 174 countries over the period 1980–2012. The paper makes several contributions. First, contrary to much of the literature, the paper focuses on the effect of electricity generation on economic growth. Because of transmission and distribution losses, and theft, not all the electricity that is generated is eventually consumed, making it necessary to investigate the impact of electricity generation on growth. Second, we disentangle the impact of total electricity generation on growth into renewable and nonrenewable effects. With increasing pursuit of energy security, technological advances, the falling costs of renewables, and the movement to exploit renewable energy sources for electrification, there is need to study not only the impact of traditional sources of electricity but renewable sources, as well. Third, we deviate from previous studies that focus on granger causality and/or cointegration by estimating the effect of electricity generation on growth using the System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). Given that electricity generation and many of the other regressors in our model may be jointly determined with GDP growth, the System GMM approach is appropriate to deal with these endogeneity issues. Fourth, we provide evidence of a link between electricity loss and economic growth. Our results indicate a strong positive and statistically significant relationship between renewable and nonrenewable electricity generation, and growth.

Stochastic dominant-subordinate-interactive scheduling optimization for interconnected microgrids with considering wind-photovoltaic-based distributed generations under uncertainty

This study develops a dominant-subordinate-interactive stochastic programming (DSISP) model for the wind-photovoltaic-based distributed energy resource systems in Lize Financial Business District of Beijing, China. During the synergistic optimization process with 24-h prediction outputs of solar and wind power as constraints, the dominant level puts more emphasis on renewable energy utilization, while the minimization both of pollutant emissions and system cost are modeled as a multi-objective programming (MOP) problem placed at the subordinate level. Results indicate that: (a) renewable energy technologies would exert an increasing paramount role in power systems, with an average share of 15.54% through a whole year; (b) a higher violation risk would lead to a decreased strictness of the constraints for facility capacity availabilities, and then to a higher system cost, more green electricity generation, and lower non-renewable electricity generation. As a consequence, thermal supplies especially in winner days would depend strongly on gas-fired boiler, which would result in more pollutant emissions as a violation risk increases. Moreover, the performance of the DSISP model is enhanced by comparing with three single-objective programs and the MOP approach. Results demonstrate that the DSISP model can provide much comprehensive and systematic strategies as considering the bi-level structure within the systems.

Pro-Ecological Exergy Tax of Electricity

The concept of the pro-ecological tax or support is proposed in this article. It could replace the existing subsidy mechanisms for renewable power technology or could represent the ecological taxes burdening the fabrication of consumer products based on nonrenewable resources, e.g., electricity from the conventional fossil fuel power plants. Moreover, the proposed concept for renewable power technologies could represent a new system of subsidy based on physical laws. The proposed pro-ecological tax or support is defined as proportional to the thermo-ecological cost (TEC). TEC expresses the cumulative consumption of nonrenewable exergy burdening the fabrication of the considered consumption of the product with the additional inclusion of necessity of compensating adverse environmental effects due to harmful waste products rejection. It is assumed that calculating new exergy tax or subsidy for electricity, the total cost burdening the final consumer remains the same. This principle determines the coefficient of proportionality between the cumulative consumption of nonrenewable exergy (TEC) and the value of the tax or subsidy. In the case of nonrenewable electricity generation, the TAX causes the largest price growth. The higher is the efficiency of power technology, and the lower is the TEC of fuel, the lower tax is provided. In this paper, the prices of electricity produced from renewable and nonrenewable resources are calculated, taking into account the unavoidable consumption of resources. The unavoidable exergy consumption is caused due to the power plant construction, which is distributed through the whole life cycle of the plant. Results of calculation of proposed subsidies are compared with the current Polish system for supporting renewable power technologies.

Water Usage Forecasting in Coal Based Electricity Generation: The Case of South Africa

South Africa as a nation is heavily reliant on non-renewable electricity generation, with 90% of the electricity being generated from coal [1]. Though diversification of electricity generation technologies are currently under way in South Africa, coal is expected to play a dominant role in the near future when taking into account the abundance of the commodity locally. The use of fresh water resources for industrial applications, particularly electricity production places an increased burden on the country's fresh water resources. This is in combination with the semi-arid climate makes water catchment and management a crucial multi-disciplinary task. The aim of the paper is to provide a 20 year forecast of water usage trends in the coal based electricity generation sector. Since water forecasts are few and limited nationally and internationally, the results of this study provide a novel contribution in supporting water management and water policy decisions in developing countries.

Aggregation and internalisation of electricity externalities in South Africa

Energy-environmental impacts associated with non-renewable electricity generation have attained critical importance in South Africa. These impacts are quantified in order to obtain a monetary cost relative to local electricity prices. The methodology used to perform the analysis is the Impact Pathway Approach. Numerous energy-environmental external impacts have been evaluated in this study. The primary externality contributors were found to be GHG (green-house gas) emissions and public health effects from coal combustion. Other minor but important contributors to externalities are also identified and mentioned within the paper. Aggregated central externality costs were found to range from 5.86 to 35.36 SA c/kWh (1.31–7.95 US c/kWh), with central externalities estimates at 13.43 SA c/kWh (3.02 US c/kWh). These central estimates were found to be 68.5% of average electricity prices during the year 2008. Conversion of externality costs from South African currency to US currency has been made with purchasing power parity exchange rates for the year 2008. This study provides sufficient methodological parity for countries with similar electricity generation backgrounds in Southern Africa and Africa as well as other developing countries, considering South Africa generates roughly 45% of the electricity on the African continent.